Beijing is Liao、Gold、yuan、Ming、The ancient capital of the Five Dynasties，There are many nations in the world。Except Han nationality，Khitan、Women's True、Mongolia、Manchuria and other ethnic groups bring diverse blood and cultural context to Beijing，Make Beijing the center of national interaction。There is a clear generation，The history of multi -ethnic development with harmonious blending is engraved on more than 600 monuments，It is rare for the dynasties of the past。These Yi Han、full、Mongolian、Toto、Tibet、Back、Multi -language combined monuments written by text such as Latin and other words are scattered all over the capital，It is the mutual contact of various ethnic groups in Beijing、Continuous integration，thus becoming a powerful example of the Chinese nation community。These inscriptions on exploring Beijing National Culture、Tracing the process of tracing the fusion of the nation、Restore historical facts, etc.，It has important value and significance。

　bet365 Play online games The text of the monument gold stone refers to the text on the masonry and metal ware。Different from the traditional literature circulated by later generations，Most of the historical materials of golden stone were engraved at the time，It is difficult to modify，It is a very credible first -hand material。

More precious is，Multi -language combination inscriptions have unique linguistic value。On the one hand，Stele engraved text retains the composition Bet365 lotto review and characteristics of vocabulary in different periods，It opened a new way for researching and protecting endangered language。The translation of "temple" and "monument" in the Manchu inscription。Because of writing a monument, it is not the old man of the Manchu，So in the Manchu monument in the early Qing Dynasty，Use more "MIYOO" and "Bei" transliterated from Chinese to borrow it。With the Qianlong period of the Manchu period，These two words change from pure Chinese transliteration to standard Manchu "juktehen" and "Eldengge Wehe"。

On the other hand，Multi -language combination inscriptions reflect the differences between different languages。Multi -language combination monuments are mostly followed by the principle of "different texts"，On the premise of the inscriptions that are basically the same，Write in different text。As the "Taiping Palace" of the first year of Kangxi, the monument of the Taiping Palace is bilingual in Manchu，The word "Artemisia" in the Chinese text，"Book of Rites · Ceremony"，Sacrifice with fingers，Corresponding Manchu is "FUCIHI ENDURI (God Buddha)"。The differences in the selection of vocabulary show the characteristics of different languages，Chinese Word Word Huamei、According to the complicated classics; Manwen is straightforward and simple、Tibetan straight narrative。

　　Witness the marks of multi -ethnic interaction and restore the history of all beings.Multi -language combination monument reveals the formation of the multi -ethnic community in Beijing，vividly reflects the interaction and communication between multi -ethnic groups。Different from the formula and regularity of official documents，The text carved on the white monument，Often write in the first person，With a strong personal style and sincere emotion，The interaction between the ethnic groups of Beijing is presented in front of us。Take the Guo Guo Temple as an example，During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Jingshihuang Temple was known for its temple city，The little known is，The reconstruction of the Guo Temple is quite deep as the Mongolian ethnic group。According to Kangxi's 61st year "Chong Guo Temple Stele" record，60 years of Kangxi (1721)，Luguo Temple in Mongolia Khan King、Baylor's funding after rebuilding，Received a new。This event was praised by the Saint Ancestor Xuanzang，He wrote a inscription，full、Mongolian、Tibet、Han Four Body Text praise the merit of the Mongolian tribe bar screen.，conveyed full、The close relationship between the lips and teeth between the Han and Mongolia。

Ancient literature pays more attention to official activities and noble family，There is very little records of ordinary people's daily life。Multi -language combination inscriptions more reflect personal consciousness and emotion，Describes the market life of all sentient beings。As the first year of Kangxi Manchu, the "Taiping Palace Monument" records a Manchurian flag man who grew up in Bai Mountain and black water from an early age，When the child suffers from acne rash and hangs a line，The story of the Taoist goddess queen mother and mother。Use the inscription to be full、Han bilingual tells us the transformation of an ordinary Manchurian flag man who lives in the Beijing Division -Doubt of the Taoist culture of the Han nationality of the Central Plains、Try、conviction、The process bet365 live casino games of worship until the last generous donation。

　Customs gradually merge, and the diversity and integration under the leadership of Han culture.The tradition of writing monuments comes from Chinese culture with Chinese culture as the main body，But ethnic minorities have successively entered Beijing，gets close to the Han customs、Culture gradually melt。This phenomenon is endless in the multi -language inscription。

The temple inscriptions inscribed by the Han literati and officials who are knowledgeable are all、Number of quantities。At this point，Ning After me、Hong Chengchou、Shangzhi Xin、Gao to the organization and driving of famous ministers in the early Qing Dynasty，A strong social appeal produced。Shunzhi Eight Years (1651)，Han Chengchu, a scholar of the Hans, hosted the rebuilding of the old Drum Tower Street and the Yaowang Temple and wrote two monuments，Among them, in the title name of the monument of "The Temple of the Guandi Temple"，Nearly 100 people such as "Niu Luzhang Jing" and "Jia La Zhangjing" appeared，They are important officials of the Eighth Flag organizational system of Jingshi，from Manchuria、Mongolian and the Han Army formed。Visible，Religious activities led by Han officials obtained the active echo of the Eighth Banner Organization System in Beijing。

The shape and content of multi -language combination inscription，Born in Chinese and Han culture。The ancestor name appears in the text of the Chinese monument、When the title of God and Buddha and the name of the emperor，Writing or typography must start another line，"Make a Travel"，To show respect。Correspondingly，Format of Language Monument of Ethnic Minority Language，Bet365 app download Including Questions、Stele name、Beiyang、Stele Yin，Especially the use of the promotion，It is a reference for the habit of Chinese inscriptions and specifications。In the order of the right essay，Multi -language Temple Temple Monument Generally wrote Chinese，Translate into other languages。"Pujing Zen Monument" in Shunzhi years, "White Tower Bei", "Pusheng Temple Bei" three -way monument，Both the writer、Bookman、Translated Wingwen、Translated Mongolian。We can clearly see that its inscriptions are written by Chinese and then translated into Manchu and Mongolian.。

　　Folk incense associations, all nationalities have donated funds to achieve permanently.Xianghui is a private social organization composed of the people spontaneously composed of temples。With the deepening of the relationship，More and more ethnic groups have begun to participate in the folk incense activities，and in the area、Frequency、Quantity and other aspects gradually increased。They use Chinese and ethnic minorities to write monuments、Shop Land、Organization activity，presents a very active situation。

In the Tucheng God Temple of Beijing Financial Street, there is a monument carving in the 12th year of Yongzheng，records the monthly rotation of each year、Obligations organized incense organization activities in front of the Chenghuang Temple。There are more than 600 people names in the monument yin，Not only the Han group represented by the Han Army Banner，There are a large number of Manchu names，Ru Altai、Sahali、Deshan、58、Seventy -one class。Yongzheng eight years (1730)，Purple Puritic Old Association "Rebirth of Wan Shan Restoration Bet365 app download of the Water Water Stelestone"，There are more than 200 people titled names in their monuments，Most of them are full、Mongolia and other ethnic minorities。Not only that，To pray for God and Buddha blessing，Many full、Mengxinzhong takes the Buddhist name of the children at home，Therefore, Buddhism is often seen in inscriptions title、Zhongbao Bao、Monk Bao、Zhongshen Bao、Guanyin Bao、Bodhisattva Insurance and other questions，All are full of Buddhist culture、Mongolian name。

Family with strong economic strength，Global donation for the temple、Protecting incineration，Among them, there are many stories of national communication。In the 19th year of Qianlong (1754)，Manchuria official Fuzege bought land 250 acres，Shi She gave Jingxi Jianyong Yunju Temple。Sellers are Zhengbaiqi Han soldiers，He wanted to redeem the land，But when I learned that Fu Zeng Gegai gave the land acres to the temple,，Two people readily reached a consensus，Written this matter above the stele，Promise will never return to the land，A good story of the same goodness of the Manchu Han。

Multi -language combination monument is the harmonious coexistence of Beijing many ethnic groups、Material cultural heritage of mutual fusion，It confirms that all nations draw each other under the tutor of Chinese culture、Customs and spirit is increasingly closer，Gradually becoming an inseparable part of the Chinese nation that is inseparable from a part of the historical process。The precious stele carries the history of the old Beijing、Culture and memory，It is the city spirit of the thousand -year -old emperor tolerance and understanding of Haina Baichuan，Let every residents who live here know and love this great city。

Bet365 lotto review (This article is the National Social Science Fund Youth Project "The Translation and Election of the Historical Materials of the Manchu Monument in the Qing Dynasty and the Spiritual Research of the Beijing Multi -National Community" (16cmz006) phased results)

(Author Unit: Institute of Manchuria, Beijing Academy of Social Sciences)