"Shangshu" means the ancient book，YesYu、Summer、Businessman、Zhou’s political documents and their compilation。The "Shang Shu" with all the text titles seen today，Including 28 articles including "Kang Gao" from "Shang Shu" in this text、59 articles including "Prisoners bet365 bonus bets World" in the current "Book of Yi Zhou"，As well as more than ten articles such as "Shu Ming" from Tsinghua's simplified literature。The most reliable chapters in these "Shang Shu"，Such as "Kang Gao", "Prisoners bet365 bonus bets World", "Sacrifice to the Duke", etc.，It was mostly formed from the prisoner ceremony at that time、Feudal etiquette, pension ceremony and other etiquette。

　　"Prisoners bet365 bonus bets World" and the Etiquette of Presenting Prisoners

"The Prisoner bet365 bonus bets World" is the 40th chapter bet365 bonus bets current "Book of Yi Zhou"，is a Western Zhou Dynasty document recognized by scholars as a record of events。This article records in detail the whole process of King Wu's defeat of Zhou，Mainly: early January，King Wu sets off from Zongzhou；Late February，The decisive battle between Zhou Shang and Muye；All of March，King Wu sent troops to conquer the merchant country；Early to mid-April，King Wu held a ceremony to present prisoners to the gods such as Tianzu Society、Conduct an oath ceremony with the princes、Proclaimed to all directions to become the king bet365 bonus bets world and other historical facts。

The relationship between "Prisoners bet365 bonus bets World" and the etiquette of offering prisoners，Mainly reflected in two aspects。First，Part of "Prisoners bet365 bonus bets World" records the etiquette of offering prisoners，For example，In April Gengxu "King Wu was deposed by Zhou and lost hundreds of evil ministers，Fa right Juejia，Xiao Zi Ding，Master defeats forty men，Jiajun Ding。Shuai Situ、Sima Chu died in the suburbs。King Wu was trapped at the south gate and captured，both Shipei，Yiyi，First come in。King Wu is worshiping，The master bears the white flag bet365 bonus bets county of King Zhou of Shang Dynasty，Wife’s Second Red Flag，In order to enter firstly，Burned in Zhou Temple”；Xinhai "recommended to capture Yin Wang Ding"；Guichou "recommended hundreds of Yin prisoners of kings"。Secondly，The chapter structure of "Prisoners bet365 bonus bets World" is arranged according to the etiquette of presenting prisoners。According to the records bet365 bonus bets Xiaoyu Ding in the 25th year of King Kang，The prisoner offering ceremony in the early Western Zhou Dynasty was by telling prisoners、offer prisoners、Reward consists of three rituals，There is another Chief of News during the Prisoner Presentation Festival、Burning Sacrifice、Drink to、禘zu、Notes on the ritual of offering captured jade and other items。The content of "Prisoners bet365 bonus bets World" corresponds one to one。

The first is the account bet365 bonus bets Battle of Makino in "Prisoners bet365 bonus bets World"，The point is not the passing，But "Xian Liu Shang Wang Zhou，The result of "hundreds of evil ministers"，The description of King Wu’s sending troops to conquer merchant kingdoms，The point is not the process，It is the result of "telling prisoners of war"，Finally, the beasts captured and conquered by King Wu in his defeat of Zhou were summed up、Nationality、Number of people。These contents are actually equivalent to the prisoner confession ceremony in the prisoner presentation ceremony。The second is "Prisoners bet365 bonus bets World"'s report on King Wu's appeal to the sky from Gengxu to Yimao in April、ancestral worship、Contribute to human food、Description of activities such as deposing princes，Equivalent to the Prisoner Presentation Ceremony。Especially after recording the main ritual notes for the sacrifice of prisoners，A sudden change of direction，To February Jiazi、Wuchen "King Wu captured fourteen thousand Shang old treasures and jade、Recollection of "Eighty Thousand Peiyu Yiyi"，Completely consistent with the ceremonial notes on offering captive jade in the Prisoner Offering Ceremony，It further confirms the correspondence between the text of "Prisoners bet365 bonus bets World" and the focus bet365 bonus bets prisoner presentation ceremony - the prisoner presentation ceremony。The third is the sentence at the beginning of "Prisoners bet365 bonus bets World"，"King Wu conquered all directions，Tong Yin Ming，有国”，A tortuous reflection of God’s reward to King Wu，Equivalent to the reward ceremony in the prisoner ceremony。On the first level，Taking the Prisoner Presentation Ceremony as the focus bet365 bonus bets description；On the second level，Using the ceremony of offering prisoners as clues to plan the chapter，All reflect the basic situation bet365 bonus bets deep integration of "Prisoners bet365 bonus bets World" and the etiquette of offering prisoners。

　　"Kang Gao" and feudal bet365 bonus bets

"Kang Gao" is the 16th chapter of "Shang Shu" in this text，It is a Western Zhou Dynasty document recognized by scholars as a narrative document。This article is an edict issued by Zhou Gong for the feudal uncle Kang during his regency，Composed of two parts with extremely asymmetric length。The first part begins with "Wang Ruoyue"，Then a series of fifteen or six "wang said" or "you said"，Form the main content of "Kang Gao"。The beginning bet365 bonus bets second part is also "Wang Ruoyue"，Then there are only seventeen words，"Go away，Closed！Don’t replace yourself，Dian listens to my imperial edict，The woman enjoys the people of Yin Dynasty"，It gives people the feeling that this is an appendix to the main content bet365 bonus bets above text，To the effect: Go ahead，Closed！Don’t give up your pious attitude，Significantly obey my orders，(In this way) you will allow Yin people to contribute from generation to generation。“Don’t replace yourself，Dian listens to my imperial edict，14 words such as "The woman is the one who enjoys the people of Yin Dynasty"，Variations of it can be seen in the handed down and unearthed documents "Luo Gao" ("The public should not be punished，Enjoy the world in all directions”)、"The Order of Fengxu" ("You are also concerned about Shuzhang"，Only respect you，To protect Zhou State forever，Don’t waste my life，Enjoyed by heirs and generations")，Also seen in the early Western Zhou Dynasty bronze cauldron inscription ("If you respect is political，Do not waste my life") and the inscription on the bronze micro-luan tripod in the late Western Zhou Dynasty ("It has no boundaries for ten thousand years，The descendants of Luan will enjoy Yongbao”)。Visible，This sentence has evolved into a cliché in the Western Zhou Dynasty。

Rhetoric as a linguistic phenomenon，Often produced in rituals performed repeatedly。From "The Order of Fengxu"、Judging from the feudal ritual nature bet365 bonus bets Great Yu Ding，The ritual on which this sentence in "Kang Gao" came about，Should be the ceremony of feudal uncle Kang's ceremony。According to the records bet365 bonus bets fourth year of Dinggong’s reign in Zuo Zhuan，Based on Yihou Gui bet365 bonus bets early Western Zhou Dynasty、The feudal rituals bet365 bonus bets Western Zhou Dynasty described by the Great Yu Ding and others，The feudal ceremony procedure of Uncle Kang is: first，Duke Zhou issued an order、Issue policy；Second，Reward Kangshu Dalu、Share of silk and other items；Third，Reward land，Delimit the boundaries，Stipulate obligations to be fulfilled；Fourth，Rewards to the seven tribes bet365 bonus bets Yin people。In the second "Wang Ruoyue" in "Kang Gao", "the woman is the one who is enjoyed by the Yin people"，It comes immediately following the feudal ceremony of Uncle Kang's final reward of "Seven Tribes bet365 bonus bets Yin People" by the Duke of Zhou to Uncle Kang。This means: between the two paragraphs led by "Wang Ruoyue" in "Kang Gao"，Omitted two to four rituals；The text of "Kang Gao" is excerpted from the original archives recording the feudal Kang Shu ceremony。

There are very obvious archival traces in the text of "Kang Gao"，For example, fifteen or six "Wang Ruo said" and "Wang said" or "You said"，That’s when the historian recorded Duke Zhou’s speech，Specially written symbolic text based on changes in content and tone。"Wang Ruoyue"，That’s what the king said，To emphasize that the following are true records，Exhibits the cautious attitude bet365 bonus bets historian；The recurring words "王曰" or "你曰"，shows the way the historian strives to grasp the rhythm of Zhou Gong’s speech。The two present the three-dimensional scene bet365 bonus bets feudal ceremony bet365 bonus bets Western Zhou Dynasty from the side。

　　"Sacrifice bet365 bonus bets" and Elderly Care Etiquette

"Sacrifice to the Duke" is the 60th chapter bet365 bonus bets current "Book of Yizhou"，It is a Western Zhou Dynasty document recognized by scholars as both talking and recording.。This article records the historical fact that King Mu consulted the octogenarian and seriously ill Lord Ji for advice，Its nature is to record the history bet365 bonus bets country’s senior officials and their actions，The root is elderly care etiquette。

"Book of Rites·Nei Principles" says: "Everything that cares for the elderly，Five Emperors Constitution，The Three Kings Have Begging Words。Five Emperors Constitution，Nurture your energy without begging for words，There is kindness，Remember it as Dunshi。Wang Yixian，Provide for the elderly and then beg for help，It’s a little polite，Everyone has a history of war。"Kong Yingda said: "A good speaker，Ze Dun Shi accepted it。"Li" contains internal and external small and large histories，Wudunshi。Waiting to receive the elderly，The one who chooses history with honesty and honesty will take care of it，Dun is not an official name，So he (Zheng Xuan) noted: ‘History of Dun’，The history of filial piety and kindness。’” (“Mao’s Poems on Justice”，"Commentaries on the Thirteen Classics"，Zhonghua Book Company 1980 edition，Page 534) This is the origin bet365 bonus bets name of Talking Dunshi，Explains the relationship between Dunshi and pension gifts。In terms of nature，The so-called "History of Dun"，In current words，It is the "Records of Jia Yanyi's Travels" (Wang Wenjin: "Interpretation bet365 bonus bets Book of Rites"，Zhonghua Book Company 2001 Edition，Page 385)。

The beginning of "Sacrifice to the Duke" is bet365 bonus bets Mu's request to "publicize his announcement to Yide"，Obviously an act of "begging"，The text is the criticism and advice given by Ji Gong to the dynasty’s bad governance in response to bet365 bonus bets Mu’s “begging for advice”，The last part is "The bet365 bonus bets bows his hands to honor the party"，Party words are good words、Good words，It is the thank you after "begging"。These are completely consistent with the characteristics of Dunshi described in "Nei Principles"。

Because it comes from the etiquette of elderly care，So the text structure of "Sacrifice to the Duke" is in accordance with the sequence of rituals、Formal etiquette、Arranged by the end bet365 bonus bets ceremony。Also because King Mu’s begging words and advice for offering sacrifices to the Duke were recorded by historians，Then archive it for future reference，So the dialogue between King Mu and Duke Ji in the formal ceremony，Not a one-to-one form；But divided into two groups，Each centralized arrangement，Make the part serve the whole，To ensure the clarity bet365 bonus bets main narrative line, that is, the etiquette procedures。

　The relationship between "Gu Ming" and other chapters and bet365 bonus bets

"The Prisoner bet365 bonus bets World", "Kang Gao" and "Sacrifice to the Duke" respectively originate from the ceremony of offering prisoners、Feudal Rites、Elderly Care Gift，It’s certain，This is very typical in the "Shang Shu" chapter。In addition，The chapters "Gu Ming", "She Ming", "Gaozong Xiri", "Zicai" and "Toast" are also closely related to etiquette，There are approximately four situations as follows。

First，The description object is etiquette。For example "Gu Ming"，This article records the enthronement ceremony of King Kang，But there is currently no proof of similar materials from the Western Zhou Dynasty or similar eras。This kind of chapter is the same as "Prisoners bet365 bonus bets World"，They are all in the nature of recording events，Etiquette is different。

Second，Born out of etiquette。For example, "Fate-Taking"，This article uses "the king said" and "you said" as clues to record the long life bet365 bonus bets king，The final explanation bet365 bonus bets ceremonial occasion for the issuance bet365 bonus bets king’s order: “Only in the ninth month will I see Renshen，Wang Zaihaojing，Gated in the big room，Accession。salty。Photographed by Shi Jian You Bo，Standing in the middle court，Northbound。Photographed by Wang Huzuojuanmingbo。”The nature of this ceremony is to appoint officials，Comparable to the ceremonies of feudal princes，Provides evidence for the statement mentioned above that "Kang Gao" is excerpted from the original archives recording the feudal Kang Shu ceremony。Another example is "Gaozong Xiri"，The beginning is "My ancestor... I taught him to the king"，The nature is obviously Dunshi，Same as "Sacrifice to the Duke"。Moreover，Zu Ji’s words originated from the sacrificial ceremony where the vision occurred。Then，"Gaozong Xiuri" is actually a chapter formed by the combination of sacrificial rites and old-age rites。

　Third，Related to etiquette。For example "Zicai"，This article is edited and synthesized from two speeches，With "Wang Qijian" as the boundary，The first part is Zhou Gong’s warning to Uncle Kang，The last part is Zhou Gong’s command to become king。From the perspective of imperial edict，It has the property of recording words，Same as "Kang Gao"；From a warning perspective，It has the characteristics of Dunshi，Close to "Sacrifice to the Duke"。Another example is "Luo Gao"，Describes the dialogue between Duke Zhou and King Cheng around the ceremony of Prince Cheng’s inauguration，The rhythm bet365 bonus bets dialogue is separated by "bowing hands and bowing head"，Group separately。The core dialogue is divided into two groups，Each centralized arrangement，Same style as "Sacrifice to the Duke"。From a conversational perspective，Has the property of remembering words，Similar to "Kang Gao"；From the perspective of King Cheng bowing to Zhou Gong and observing his head and giving instructions，Having the characteristics of Dunshi，Similar to "Sacrifice to the Duke"。Another example is "Toast" and "Duofang"，They are all edited and synthesized from two speeches made by Duke Zhou，From a systematic perspective，Same as "Zicai"；From the perspective bet365 bonus bets nature of imperial decree，Similar to "Kang Gao"；From the perspective of release time，The latter part bet365 bonus bets two, "Wang Ruoyue" leads the part，Maybe it is related to the sentence in "Luo Gao": "The Duke said:...you will respect and recognize Baipixiang，Also know whether to enjoy it or not。Xiangduoyi，Intransitive，But I don’t enjoy it。But I am determined to enjoy without fighting，Ordinary people just say they don’t enjoy it，There is a joint and several relationship between "the things they do well and the insults they do"。The "yi" in it，It should be the ceremony of becoming a king。Then，The formation of "Toast" and "Duofang" may have the background of this ceremony recorded in "Luo Gao"。

　Fourth，The text contains some etiquette content。For example "Hong Fan"，According to legend, this article was Jizi’s dedication to King Wu on how to govern the country，Nine chapters in total，The "Five Things" Chapter，That is, "one name"，二曰言，三日视，Four Days Listening，Five Days Thoughts。Looking Gong，Yan Yue Cong，Shiyue Ming，Tingyue Cong，Siyue Rui。Gong Zuosu，From Zuoyi，Ming Zuozhe，Conspiracy，Rui Zuosheng"，It’s about etiquette，It is in the same vein as the "Mu Yang Ce Ce" in the bronze inscriptions bet365 bonus bets Western Zhou Dynasty and the etiquette bet365 bonus bets legendary "Xia" and "Zhuan Xu" and other dynasties or figures。Also，There are some historical materials in chapters such as "Yao Dian", "Gao Tao Mo", "Lü Xing" and "Hou Fu"，Although it does not have the typical characteristics of "Sacrifice to the Duke"，But it also reflects certain elderly care etiquette，Or the cultural tradition of elderly care。

The relationship between the chapters such as "Prisoners bet365 bonus bets World", "Kang Gao", "Sacrifice to the Duke" and "Gu Ming" discussed above and etiquette，Deep or shallow，Hidden or explicit。If you remove the rough and get the essence、Stop micro and use macro，Use one sentence to summarize it as a whole，That’s it，The formation bet365 bonus bets "Shang Shu" chapter originated from various ceremonies。

(The author is a professor at the School of bet365 bonus bets and Culture, Hebei Normal University、Director of China Pre-Qin bet365 bonus bets Society)