Since ancient times，bet365 free bets has always played the role of planner and guide of social life，People, especially urban residents, need to follow a certain schedule for production and life。With the development of society，This trend is becoming more and more obvious。Before the mid-20th century，Timers are not very popular，The change from local bet365 free bets to standard bet365 free bets in modern times has caused some bet365 free bets confusion。Therefore，Public bet365 free bets reporting is particularly urgent and important in cities，And it has had a wide impact。At the same bet365 free bets，The development of science and technology has made the methods and means of public bet365 free bets telling keep pace with the times、Changing with each passing day。

　A fundamental change in the way of timing

As early as before the Zhou Dynasty，Our country has already invented the bet365 free bets system that divides a day into one hundred quarters。At the same bet365 free bets，The timekeeping method that divides the day and night into twelve equal hours，Ezi、ugly、Yin、卯、陈、巳、noon、Not、Shen、unit、戌、The twelve earthly branches of Hai are named for the twelve hours。A special "clock system" is established at night，Divide a night into five updates (the corresponding hours from the first to the fifth update are Xu hours、海时、Zi Shi、Choushi、Yinshi)，Update every hour，One update is divided into five points。The hundred-hour system and the twelve-hour system are used in conjunction with each other，Became a commonly used timing standard in production and life of ancient people，Among them, the twelve-hour system is more common。

Since the ninth year of Kangxi (1670)，The Western quarter-minute-second system has officially entered the official timing system，The combination of hours and quarters, minutes and seconds became the official timing standard of the Qing Dynasty。Late 19th century，Officially started using 24-hour clocks。This period，Watch timing is becoming a mainstream trend。However，Traditional timekeeping still has a great influence。Therefore，In terms of timing, there is a characteristic of mixing the two。1920s and 1930s，Social production and life increasingly rely on precise bet365 free bets arrangements，Government agencies、School、Factory、Post Office、Bank、Shopping Mall、Social organizations such as entertainment venues generally operate strictly on an hourly basis。No matter official or private，At this bet365 free bets, everyone has basically adopted clock timing，The new bet365 free bets units of “minutes” and “seconds” are increasingly used in urban daily life。

The traditional Chinese timekeeping tools mainly include sundials、Lek-engraved and Xiangzhuan，This type of timer is rarely owned by the public，Usually only government officials and wealthy families will equip it。Due to lack of accurate timing tools，Except for public timekeeping，Folks mostly follow the sun、Moon、The rise and fall of stars and their position changes, as well as natural phenomena such as roosters' crowing，Determine the approximate bet365 free bets range，And arrange production and life accordingly。As early as the Ming Dynasty，Clocks have been introduced to China through missionary Matteo Ricci and others，But before the opening of the five treaty ports，Basically only exist as luxury goods in a few upper-class bureaucratic families and wealthy families，Not widely popular。After the five-port trade in 1842，Significant increase in watch imports，The domestic watch manufacturing industry is also developing day by day，The price of watches has been reduced。After entering the 20th century，Clocks in Shanghai、Tianjin、It is increasingly common in big cities such as Guangzhou, especially in the trade cities along the eastern coast，Wall Clock、Desktop clock、Watch、All kinds of watches including alarm clocks。With the introduction and widespread use of watches，Timers and timing methods have undergone fundamental changes。However，Overall，First half of the 20th century，Its owners are still mainly concentrated in the middle and upper classes。After the founding of the People's Republic of China，All kinds of watches are gradually entering the homes of ordinary people。

　　In ancient times, bells and drums were used to tell bet365 free bets

Before modern times，The popularity of timers among individuals, especially among the lower classes of society, is very low，Most people cannot grasp the accurate bet365 free bets in bet365 free bets。To maintain the stability of social order、Achieve full control of bet365 free bets and space，All dynasties in the past have adopted the method of opening and closing city gates on bet365 free bets、Night ban and night patrol policy that uniformly regulates people’s daily life schedule。For this，Public bet365 free bets telling is naturally imperative。

The ancient public tools used to tell bet365 free bets were bells and drums。As early as the late Eastern Han Dynasty，The "night leak" appeared，The drums are about to start；The day is running out，The record of "when the bell rings, you will rest" (Cai Yong: "Doctrine" Volume 2)。Visible，Bells and drums were used to tell bet365 free bets。Since the Tang Dynasty，The capital and some local cities began to set up drum towers、Block Tower、Gujiao Tower and other specialized bet365 free bets-telling buildings。After the Song Dynasty，There are more and more such bet365 free bets-telling buildings，Mainly use Qiaolou、Mainly the Drum Tower and Bell Tower。Bell and Drum Towers are usually built in the center of the city，Tall and spectacular，It is a landmark building in the city。There is an engraving inside、Sundial and other timers，There are also drums or bells。Ming and Qing Dynasties，The bet365 free bets drum placed in the Drum Tower in Beijing includes 1 main drum、24 drums，The diameter is more than 1 meter。The bet365 free bets-telling tools placed in the Drum Tower are not necessarily drums，For example, the Drum Tower in Tianjin has bells but no drums。Public bet365 free bets reporting is handled by a dedicated person，Play the drum or ring the bell when it’s bet365 free bets to tell the bet365 free bets。The number of drum or bell strikes is usually 108 times，The frequency varies from place to place。The sound of bells and drums is distant and loud，Generally, it can be heard within a radius of more than ten miles。

The most important public bet365 free bets reporting is early morning and evening，Marks the opening of the city gate and the end of the night ban respectively、The city gates close and the night curfew begins。In other words，Public bet365 free bets telling is to a large extent "used to tell the morning and dusk，Opening and closing the city gates" (Gao Lingwen: "Zhiyu Essays" Volume 6)，Notify city residents of city gate openings、The start and end times of the night ban。Clearly stipulated since the Yuan Dynasty，After the three o’clock bell has fallen silent、Before the three o'clock bell rings，is the night ban bet365 free bets。Looking from this，The evening bet365 free bets chime is likely to start at the beginning of the first watch，End before the first update and three o'clock；The morning bet365 free bets starts from five to three o'clock。In a city with both a bell tower and a drum tower，The bet365 free bets in the morning and evening is often completed by the sound of bells and drums，Drumming first，Ring the bell，The bells and drums are ringing。The night bet365 free bets update is conveyed by ringing the bell。Also，Watchman on night watch，When patrolling, beat the clapper and gong together，The number of each tap is consistent with the update point，In fact, it also plays the role of public bet365 free bets telling。

Except for public timekeeping controlled and implemented by the official，The morning and evening bells of the temple also play the role of public bet365 free bets telling to a certain extent。

　Tend to precision and diversification

Since modern times，Daily life is becoming increasingly bet365 free bets-constrained，Precise bet365 free bets control gradually becomes the norm in life。In this case，Public bet365 free bets reporting is even more indispensable。As the modernization process accelerates、Increased integration with international standards，The traditional timing and bet365 free bets reporting system has obviously lagged behind，Difficulty adapting to the requirements of social development。In ancient China, "apparent solar bet365 free bets" (also known as "true solar bet365 free bets") has been practiced.，Referred to as "apparent bet365 free bets") local bet365 free bets system，In 1919, the world standard bet365 free bets system of "mean solar bet365 free bets" (abbreviated as "mean solar bet365 free bets") adopted in the West was adopted，Divide the country into Changbai、Zhongyuan、Longshu、New collection、Kunlun five bet365 free bets zones。Implementation of Standard bet365 free bets，There is even greater need to provide unified and accurate bet365 free bets in the form of public timekeeping。The development of science and technology，Directly contributed to the modernization and diversification of public bet365 free bets telling methods。

The public bet365 free bets telling methods in modern cities mainly include firing cannons、Establish a standard clock in a public place、Broadcast station radio bet365 free bets、Electric whistle and steam whistle, etc.。Late 19th century，Some cities began to fire cannons to tell the bet365 free bets。For example, Li Hongzhang set up a "timing cannon" in Tianjin，Responsible for public bet365 free bets reporting function。Within 24 hours a day and night，bet365 free bets chimed 3 times in total，Separate at dawn、Noon and midnight。Because cannons are fired at noon and midnight，So it is also called "Ziwu Cannon" among the people，The Dawn Cannon is also known as the "Bright Cannon"。Also，There is also a "closed city small iron cannon"，First tone at 20 o’clock，Close the left door of the city gate；The second ring at 21 o’clock，The city gate is completely closed。This method of firing cannons to tell bet365 free bets originated from the army，Later captured by Beijing、Nanjing、Adopted by municipal departments in many cities such as Jinan。Even in some remote small towns，There are also always noon guns to tell the bet365 free bets。Until the 1930s and 1940s，This way of telling bet365 free bets is still relatively common，The most commonly used one is the noon gun bet365 free bets at 12 noon。

20th century，With the widespread adoption of clock timing，Some cities have begun to install on traffic arteries、Establish standard clocks in public places such as bustling commercial districts。During the National Government’s implementation of the “New Life Movement” in the 1930s，To promote cherishing and observing bet365 free bets，Clearly requires all places to be equipped with standard clocks，To provide standard bet365 free bets。Therefore，Many cities set up standard clocks during this period，A craze formed。Not only the government came forward to set up，And there are many watch shops、Shops and individuals are also rushing to fund the installation，Shanghai has also specially issued the "Shanghai Municipal Management Standard Clock Rules for Self-use"。According to statistics，1947，The number of standard clocks in Tianjin has reached 33。In Shanghai、Tianjin and other big cities，Many public places、Crossroads、Building exterior walls, etc.，All have clocks or watches，Western-style bell towers are also common。A few cities such as Qingdao sound the electric whistle every day，Report the bet365 free bets to citizens regularly。Some cities require factories to blow their whistles at specified times，Telling bet365 free bets to the public。

In summary，In ancient times, public timekeeping served more to control urban order and people’s work and rest bet365 free bets。Since modern times，Public bet365 free bets reporting in cities has gradually deviated from this purpose，Shows "objective" bet365 free bets itself，To facilitate people to arrange production and life accordingly，It also advocates punctuality and cherishing bet365 free bets。After the founding of the People's Republic of China，Beijing bet365 free bets is the unified standard bet365 free bets in all places，The unification of the standard bet365 free bets system was achieved in a short period of bet365 free bets。At the same bet365 free bets，clock、Radio、TV、Mobile phones are increasingly popular，It’s getting easier to know the bet365 free bets，The role of public bet365 free bets telling is becoming increasingly weakened。

(This article is a phased result of the key project of Tianjin Academy of Social Sciences "Night and Social Changes in Modern Tianjin" (20YZD-02)

(Author’s unit: Institute of History, Tianjin Academy of Social Sciences)