The Han Dynasty began to implement the "Ben Baijia，Independent Confucianism "strategy of governing the country，But what is the specific ideal and blueprint of Han Confucianism，How to achieve this ideal and blueprint for the country，But it is not very clear。Actually，Behind the grand policy slogan，Hidden is more profound and rich ideological creation。The "Taiping" ideal of the two Han Dynasty rose with the implementation of the national policy of "Confucianism"、Prosperity，It played an important role in the political practice of the Han Dynasty，It has an important impact on the political culture of the two Han Dynasty。

First，"Taiping" is the political ideal of Han Confucianism。Pre -Qin period，"Taiping" does not have special political meanings，Mainly express the beautiful yearning for the stability of society，It is a very simple term。Qin and Han downs，"Taiping" has gradually become an important political concept。

The origin of the theory of "Taiping" is related to the Confucius "Spring and Autumn"。The historical value of Confucius's "Spring and Autumn" is continuously raised by Confucian scholars。Mencius said "Confucius becomes" Spring and Autumn "and the chaotic thief is afraid"，"The Biography of the Ram" said "，Anti -righteous，Mo is close to "Spring and Autumn" "，Dong Zhongshu said, "Confucius gains and losses，Poor expensive，Book of Anti -King Tao，讥 天。So far，"To Taiping" has become an important mission of Confucius' "Spring and Autumn"。The Eastern Han Dynasty Hexiu further explained the relationship between the two，That is "the world of rumors，Seeing the rule of decline ... in the world heard，Seeing Zhizhi Shengping ... to the world bet365 best casino games you see，Govern the Taiping "。According to "Spring and Autumn",，Far in the age，Historical criticism is straightforward;，Historical criticism is hidden。Confucius used the chaos he saw in the world with "governing the Taiping" brushwork，Expressing dissatisfaction with the world，Also expressing the longing for "Taiping Shi"。

Han Confucianism also conceived a "cream dew，Baigu Deng，De Run Four Seas，Ze Zhen Huanwan，Three Guangquan，Cold and Summer Ping，祜 祜 祜，Enjoy the spirit of ghosts and gods，Deze overflow，Shihu Faiwai，Extension of the Peaceful Ideal World。Taiping World will appear "man -dew", "Jiahe Sheng", "Fenghuang Xiang", "Mountain Owner Car，Ze Ji Ding Ding "" River Dragon Figure，Luo Que Turtle Books "and other kinds of auspicious，These auspiciousness is called "the symbol of the Taiping"。"Taiping" not only requires "Xiangrui"，And the "saint" re -life。"Holy King" is the founder of the Taiping World，To achieve "Taiping" requires the virtue of the Holy King，Because "the world is peaceful，Fu Rui, so those who come here ... all should be virtue "。"Holy King" ruled the country with Germany，Recruiting auspicious，Desheng is Xiangruichang，The highest virtue and the best auspicious auspiciousness symbolize the perfect "Taiping Shengshi".。

"Taiping" theory is the high abstraction of Confucian Confucian ritual and music order and king's politics，This set of absolute idealized etiquette and music cultural order meets the rule of the Han Dynasty。"Taiping" ideal condenses the humanistic care of Confucianism，The sacred "Taiping" beautiful scenery can be emotionally inspired to fight for the Han Confucian group，It can also be culturally educated by the disadvantages of the monarchy changes。Its cultural design "Sheng Wang De -Rui Yingzhi -Zhita" and the system design "Make Royal -Zhi Taiping — Production" ("White bet365 best casino games Tiger Tong": "King starts，How to use the people? Think and use the ritual and music of the first king，The world is peaceful，Nai production 焉。") Combine，Provides a practical solution for the implementation of the political improvement and political ideal of the Han Dynasty。

2，The Han Dynasty's restructuring movement turned to "to Taiping"。"Taiping" is the common expectation of the monarchs of the Han Dynasty，Emperor Hanwu started the "restructuring" campaign with the purpose of "Xing Taiping" after the pro -government。The "Three Strateies of Heaven and Man" of Emperor Hanwu and Dong Zhongshu repeatedly discussed the possibility of "Xing Taiping"、Relative measures and related measures for "Jian Taiping"。"Three Strateies of Heaven and Man"，The theoretical "Taiping" ideal is transformed into a "more transformed -Xing Taiping" governing strategy。

Emperor Hanwu is the first person of "Xing Taiping"，Since then，"Xing Taiping" has become an important political standard for politicians。But，With the in -depth advancement of "Related -Taiping"，The suggestions of the Han Confucianism are based on the reason for "Xing Taiping"，At that time，Su Lu Tong Return，Refers to Chong Li Yi，Retreatment，Repeat the ancient way，Lost of the world，Mo Buyun ‘Taiping’ ”。Confucian group emotions are high，"Taiping" ideal utopian color is more prominent。Emperor Han Xuan used a large number of artificial "auspicious" to appease Confucian students，But the effect is very small。More serious social crisis appeared in the late Western Han Dynasty，So Confucian students pointed the crisis to the highest rulers in the Han Dynasty，"Transformation -Xing Taiping" turned to "more ordered -to the Taiping" mode。

"More Deliner", also known as "Again"。Starting in the middle of the Western Han Dynasty，"More ordered" remarks appear frequently，Although many people have been crimes in prison，bet365 best casino games But the wind of "even more ordered" has not been stunned，Disguise when Emperor Han Ai was realized。Emperor Han Ai obey Xia Heliang's suggestion，Xiayu said: "But Hanxing has two hundred years so far，Ji Kaiyuan，Emperor's Right，Han Kingdom to win the symbol of life，朕 德，曷 Dare not pass the husband to suffer the fate of heaven，must be new with the world。Its amnesty world，The first year of the first year of Jianping (Yuan General)，Emperor Chen Sheng Liu Taiping。"Xia He Liang's suggestion can be adopted，Because the "more ordered" proposal he put forward does not require the monarch to really let the virtuous Zen position，Instead, it is enough to "change the Yuan Yi"。Although this move has soothing Confucian emotions、Stable people's psychology、Get rid of the role of trust crisis and other aspects，But it has not weakened the "decline in the Han calendar，When the group consciousness is more ordered "，It is impossible to completely reduce Confucian students' strong dissatisfaction with the failure to achieve "Taiping"。After Wang Mang supplemented by the government，Han Confucianism finally ushered in the real "to the Taiping" movement。The process of Wang Mang on the political stage is the process of "assistant government to peace"，"To the Taiping" and the "more ordered" thinking combined，Help Wang Mang completed the most thorough "restructuring" movement of the Western Han Dynasty- "Hanxin 嬗"。

The "To the Taiping" restructuring movement in the middle and late Western Han Dynasty is an inevitable result of the development of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty。The political crisis in the late Western Han Dynasty forced the ruler to continue to coordinate the contradiction between the "Taiping" ideal and real crisis through "restructuring"，Emperor Han Ai in order to echo the "more ordered" to implement the restructuring is one，Wang Mang realizes Bet365 lotto review Zen for Zen for the "more ordered" method.。but but，The ideal utopian color of "Taiping" makes it continue to make higher requirements in order to continue to attract the attention of everyone，Therefore, when there is a bankruptcy in the end，The defeat of Wang Mang's new policy is related to the ideal bankruptcy of "Taiping" to a certain extent。

third，The "Taiping" thought of the Eastern Han Dynasty presented theology。Eastern Han Dynasty monarchs and ministers are generally familiar with Confucian classics，Also attaches great importance to the concept of "to the Taiping"。Different from the Western Han Dynasty is，Eastern Han ruler's pursuit of "Taiping" is more rational，No longer talks as much as the Western Han Dynasty，Not to decorate Taiping through "making ceremony"。

The ruler of the Eastern Han Dynasty maintained a more rational attitude towards the "Taiping" ideal，But the enthusiasm of "Taiping" in folk society is very high，Mainly manifested as the maturity of primitive Taoist teachings represented by the Taiping Classic and the "To the Taiping" social movement represented by the Yellow Turban Uprising。Primitive Taoism and "Taiping" have a long history of thought，The Bao Yuan Taiping Scripture made by Gan Zhongke Western Han Dynasty and the "Tao Qing Leadership" presented by the Eastern Han Gong Chong is usually considered to be the backbone of the Taiping Sutra。"Taiping Sutra" not only proposed the "Taiping Qi" theory，It also created a god man、Real person、Emperor、The four categories of order of the people。Taoism regards "to Taiping" as the common mission of each level，God Man masters the way of "To the Taiping"、Real people teach this way、Emperor practice this way、People support this。Except God、Outside of real people，It also creates some gods that cannot be accurately sorted but with "Taiping"，Ru Shangshen "Taiping Jin Emperor Emperor bet365 live casino games Morning Emperor Emperor Master"，This god "Number Taiping is really too wonderful、Emperor Emperor Emperor Nine Xuan Emperor after the Emperor Heaven "，And "Taiping Jun"，It is said that "the name of the Taipingjun name，Li Junye。March 6th of the Year of Renchen，Obvious birth。Take San Su Jingyu，Flying Wanlong "。These "Taiping Gods" set the virtue of saints、Emperor's position、The image of the immortal is in one，Put Confucian、Taoist、Fairy Home、Folk witchcraft and other contents are integrated，All of them are in the ideal of "To the Taiping"，Make it full of mystery，Theology is extremely strong。

The "Taiping" thought of the therapy is mainly popular among the lower people，The characteristics of "last days" with religion。"Last World" emotions and "Taiping" ideal combination，Improving the attraction of the "Taiping" teachings to the people。Primitive Taoism regards "Taiping" as an ideal society，This world has become the "last days" that urgently need to be transformed。With the deepening of social crisis in the late Eastern Han Dynasty，The believers who believe in Taoism are eager to appear to save the "last days"、Realizing the savior of "Taiping"，"To the Taiping" trend of thought becomes the main promotion factor for the outbreak of the Yellow Turban Uprising。The 16 -character slogan of the Yellow Turban Uprising "Cangtian is dead，Huang Tian is standing，The year old in Jiazi，The World of the World "，The strongest demand and wish of the uprising people，It also reflects the long -term popular political concept of the Han Dynasty。"Cangtian is dead，Huang Tian Dang Dang Dang "implies the revolutionary spirit of" more ordered "，"The year old in Jiazi" expressed the new concept of the Han Dynasty "Chongyuan Beginning"，"The World of the World" reflects the unremitting pursuit of the ideal of "Taiping"。

"Taiping" is the political bet365 live casino games ideal constructed by Confucianism in the Han Dynasty，Confucianism and the concept of ritual music and the concept of king.。After Emperor Hanwu's only respect for Confucianism，"To Taiping" becomes the main political goal of official restructuring，Finally promoted Wang Mang Zen position。Eastern Han Dynasty，The official pursuit of "to the Taiping" tends to be rational，folk "to the Taiping" thought tide rose in the wind。"Taiping" ideal inherited the basic political concept of Confucianism，Highly participated in the political changes of the two Han Dynasty，It has had an important impact on the political culture of the two Han and even the entire Middle Ages。

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(Author Unit: National College of Renmin University of China)