The bet365 joining bonus code began to implement the "depose of hundreds of schools,The strategy of governing the country by respecting only Confucianism,But what are the specific ideals and blueprint for governing the country by Han Confucians,How to realize this ideal and blueprint of governing the country,But it’s not clear。Actually,Behind the grand policy slogan,Hidden are more profound and rich ideological creations。The ideal of "Taiping" in the bet365 joining bonus code arose with the implementation of the national policy of "exclusively respecting Confucianism"、Prosperity,Played an important role in the political practice of the bet365 joining bonus code,Had an important influence on the political culture of the bet365 joining bonus code。
1st,“Taiping” is the political ideal of bet365 joining bonus code Confucianism。Pre-Qin period,“Taiping” has no special political meaning,Mainly expresses the beautiful yearning for social stability,It is a very simple term。Dropped since Qin and bet365 joining bonus code Dynasties,"Peace" has gradually become an important political concept。
The origin of the "Taiping" theory is related to Confucius's "Spring and Autumn"。The historical value of Confucius's "Spring and Autumn" has been continuously raised by Confucian scholars。Mencius said, "Confucius completed the Spring and Autumn Annals, but the rebellious ministers and traitors were afraid","The Legend of Gongyang" says "to bring order to troubled times,Reverse the truth,Nothing close to "Spring and Autumn",Dong Zhongshu said, "Confucius understood gains and losses,Difference between high and low,The foundation of anti-kingdom,Mocking the King of Heaven brings peace”。To this point,“Bringing peace” became the important mission of Confucius in writing "Spring and Autumn"。He Xiu of the Eastern bet365 joining bonus code further explained the relationship between the two,That is, "in the rumored world,Seeing that governance arises from decline and chaos... in the world that I heard about,Seeing governance and peace...to the world as seen,To govern peace”。Based on the writing style of "Spring and Autumn",A long time ago,Historical criticism is straightforward;Recent years,Historical criticism is obscure。Confucius recorded the chaos he saw in the world with the writing method of "governing peace",It expresses dissatisfaction with the world,Also expresses the yearning for the "peaceful world"。
bet365 joining bonus code Confucianism also conceived a "noun dew drop,Baigudeng,Derun Sihai,Zezhen Grass and Trees,三光全,Hanshuping,Receive the blessing from heaven,Enjoy the spirit of ghosts and gods,Deze is overflowing,Shi Hu Fang Wai,An ideal world of peace that extends to all living beings。There will be "Manna Falling", "Jiahesheng", "Fenghuangxiang" and "Mountain-Producing Vehicles" in the Taiping World,Ze Chu Shen Ding" "River Chu Dragon Picture,Luo Chugui Shu" and other auspicious signs,These auspicious signs are called "talismans of peace"。The arrival of "peace" requires more than just "auspiciousness",And the “saint” needs to be reincarnated。The "Holy King" is the founder of the peaceful world,Achieving "peace" requires the virtue of a holy king,Because "the world is at peace,Whoever comes here because of Fu Rui...all come because of virtue"。The "Holy King" governs the country with virtue,Invite auspiciousness,Desheng Zexiang Ruichang,The noblest virtues and the most beautiful auspiciousness together symbolize the arrival of the perfect "peace and prosperity"。
The "Taiping" theory is a highly abstracted version of the Confucian etiquette and music order and kingly politics of the bet365 joining bonus code,This absolutely ideal cultural order of rituals and music adapted to the ruling needs of the bet365 joining bonus code。The ideal of "Taiping" embodies Confucian humanistic care,The sacred beauty of "Taiping" can emotionally inspire the Han Confucian community to fight for it,It can also educate the monarch culturally on the shortcomings of changing the system。The cultural design of "Holy King's Virtue - Rui Ying Zhi - Bringing Peace" and the institutional design "Making Ritual and Music - Bringing Peace - Making" ("Baihutong": "The King Begins",Why use Zhengmin?I think we should use the rituals and music of the former king,Peace in the world,It is more produced。”) combined,Provides practical plans for political reform and the realization of political ideals in the bet365 joining bonus code。
Second,The restructuring movement in the bet365 joining bonus code turned to "leading to peace"。“Peace” is the common expectation of the emperor and the people of the bet365 joining bonus code,After Emperor Wu of the bet365 joining bonus code took office, he launched a "restructuring" movement with the purpose of "promoting peace"。Emperor Wu of the bet365 joining bonus code and Dong Zhongshu repeatedly discussed the possibility of "promoting peace" in the "Three Strategies of Heaven and Man"、Necessity and related measures to “build peace”。After "Three Strategies of Heaven and Man",The theoretical ideal of "Taiping" is transformed into the governance strategy of "Modification - Prospering Taiping"。
Emperor Wu of the bet365 joining bonus code was the first person to "promote peace",Afterwards,“Prospering peace” has become an important performance criterion for those in power。However,With the further advancement of "Modification-Taiping",The advice and suggestions given by Han Confucians are all based on the reason of "promoting peace",At that time, the "Book of All Living Beings",Different roads leading to the same destination,Referring to advocating etiquette and righteousness,Refund profit,The way to the past,Kuang’s loss,Mo Buyun'Taiping'"。Confucian scholars are in high spirits,The utopian color of the "Taiping" ideal becomes increasingly prominent。Emperor Xuan of the bet365 joining bonus code once used a large number of artificial "auspicious things" to appease Confucian scholars,But with little effect。A more serious social crisis occurred in the late Western bet365 joining bonus code,So the Confucian scholars pointed the cause of the crisis to the supreme ruler of the bet365 joining bonus code,“More changes – Prospering Taiping” has turned to “More orders – Promoting Taiping” mode。
“More orders” is also called “Re-orders”。Since the middle of the Western bet365 joining bonus code,Remarks about “becoming more ordered” appear frequently,Although many people were imprisoned for this,But the trend of "more orders" has not died down,Achieved in disguise during the reign of Emperor Ai of the bet365 joining bonus code。Emperor Ai of the bet365 joining bonus code followed Xia Heliang’s advice,The edict was issued: "It has been two hundred years since the rise of the bet365 joining bonus code,Li Ji Kaiyuan,The Emperor descends to the right of the unqualified one,Han regained his destiny,My bad character,How dare you not accept the destiny of heaven through your husband,We must reform with the world。His amnesty to the world,The second year of Jianping is the first year of Taichu (Yuan Jiang),Named Emperor Chen Sheng and Liu Taiping。”The reason why Xia Heliang’s suggestion was adopted,This is because his idea of "more ordination" does not require the monarch to actually give up the throne to the wise,But "change the Yuanyi number"。Although this move may appease the sentiments of Confucian scholars、Stabilize people’s psychology、The role of getting rid of trust crisis and other aspects,But it did not weaken the "decline in the Han calendar,The group consciousness of "becoming more ordered",It cannot completely reduce Confucian scholars’ strong dissatisfaction with the failure to achieve “peace”。After Wang Mang assisted the government,Han Confucianism finally ushered in the real "Taipei" movement。The process of Wang Mang’s emergence onto the political stage is the process of his “assisting the government to bring peace”,Combining the thoughts of “bringing to peace” and “being more ordered”,Help Wang Mang complete the most thorough "restructuring" movement in the Western bet365 joining bonus code - "Han Xin Evolution"。
The "Zhi Taiping" restructuring movement in the middle and late Western bet365 joining bonus code was the inevitable result of the development of Emperor Wu of the bet365 joining bonus code's "Reformation - Prospering Taiping" approach。The political crisis in the late Western bet365 joining bonus code forced the rulers to constantly coordinate the contradiction between the ideal of "peace" and the real crisis through "changes and reforms",Emperor Ai of the bet365 joining bonus code implemented restructuring in order to respond to his "more orders",Wang Mang’s realization of abdication through “more orders” is the second one。However,The utopian color of the "Taiping" ideal makes it constantly put forward higher requirements in order to continue to attract everyone's attention,Therefore, there will be bankruptcy in the end,The failure of Wang Mang’s New Deal is related to the bankruptcy of the “Taiping” ideal to a certain extent。
Third,The "Taiping" thought of the Eastern bet365 joining bonus code became theological。The emperors and ministers of the Eastern bet365 joining bonus code were generally familiar with Confucian classics,Also attaches great importance to the concept of "bringing peace" to the country。The difference from the Western bet365 joining bonus code,The rulers of the Eastern bet365 joining bonus code were more rational in their pursuit of "peace",No longer talk as loudly as in the Western bet365 joining bonus code,There is no way to whitewash peace through "making rituals and music"。
The rulers of the Eastern bet365 joining bonus code maintained a relatively rational attitude towards the ideal of "taiping",However, civil society’s enthusiasm for “peace” is very high,Mainly manifested in the maturity of the original Taoist teachings represented by the Taiping Jing and the "To Peace" social movement represented by the Yellow Turban Uprising。Primitive Taoism has a long history with "Taiping" thought,The "Bao Yuan Taiping Jing" created by Gan Zhongke in the Western bet365 joining bonus code and the "Taiping Qingling Book" presented by Gong Chong of the Eastern bet365 joining bonus code are usually considered to be the original version of the "Taiping Jing"。The "Taiping Jing" not only puts forward the theory of "Taiping Yuanqi",He also created a god-man、real person、Emperor、Four categories of hierarchical order for the people。Taoism regards "bringing to peace" as the common mission of all levels,The man of God masters the way to "bring peace"、A real person teaches this way、Emperors practice this way、People support this way。God-removing man、Other than real people,Also created some gods that cannot be accurately sequenced but have "Taiping",Like the Supreme God "Taiping Jinque Emperor Chenhou Holy Emperor Master",This god’s name is Taiping, True Taiyi Miaoqi、Emperor Jiuxuan, the Holy Emperor of the Qing Dynasty and the Queen of the Qing Dynasty”,There is also "Taipingjun",It is said that "The Great Taiping Lord is the one who decides the name,Li Junye。March 6, the year of Renchen,Apparently born。Chengsansujingyu,From flying to thousands of dragons"。These "gods of peace" embody the virtues of saints、The throne of the emperor、The image of an immortal in one body,Put Confucianism、Taoism、Fairy Family、Folk witchcraft and other contents are integrated into one,All devoted to the ideal of “bringing to peace”,Make it full of mystery,Extremely strong theological color。
The theological "Taiping" thought is mainly popular among the lower class people,With the characteristics of religious "eschatology"。The combination of "apocalyptic" emotions and "peaceful" ideals,Increased the appeal of the "Taiping" doctrine to the people。Primitive Taoism regards "peace" as an ideal society,This world has become the “apocalypse” in urgent need of transformation。With the deepening of social crisis in the late Eastern bet365 joining bonus code,Those who believe in Taoism are eager to appear to save the "end of the world"、The savior who realizes "peace",The "Taipei" trend became the main driving factor behind the outbreak of the Yellow Turban Uprising。The sixteen-character slogan of the Yellow Turban Uprising: "The sky is dead,Huang Tiandangli,years old in Jiazi,Good luck to the world",Gathered the strongest demands and wishes of the uprising people,It also reflects the long-term popular political philosophy of the bet365 joining bonus code。“The sky is dead,Huang Tiandang Li” implies the revolutionary spirit of “becoming more ordered”,"Age of Jiazi" expresses the concept of renewal in the bet365 joining bonus code of "renewing the Yuan Dynasty","The world is well-off" reflects the unremitting pursuit of the ideal of "peace"。
"Taiping" is the political ideal constructed by Confucianism in the bet365 joining bonus code,The order of etiquette and music and the concept of kingship advocated by Confucianism are all included。After Emperor Wu of bet365 joining bonus code only respected Confucianism,“Bringing peace” has become the main political goal of official restructuring,Finally promoted Wang Mang’s Zen position。Eastern bet365 joining bonus code,The official pursuit of “peace” becomes more rational,The folk trend of "bringing peace" is surging。The ideal of "Taiping" inherits the basic political philosophy of Confucianism,Highly involved in the political changes during the bet365 joining bonus code,It had an important influence on the political culture of the bet365 joining bonus code and even the entire medieval period。
(This article is a phased result bet365 joining bonus code National Social Science Fund general project “Research on Wang Mang’s Reform and the Establishment bet365 joining bonus code Confucian State” (20BZS029)
(Author’s unit: bet365 joining bonus code Renmin University of China)
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