Pre-Qin was an active and glorious period in China’s early intellectual history，The core concept system of traditional Chinese society based on morality was formed during this period。The theories of various schools of thought，In the dispute, there is often a difference between you and me、You are among me，Various ideas and opinions show integration in tolerance、Tolerance shows in integration。Only based on the view of the gentleman and the view of the Bet365 lotto review at that time，In the following two thousand years of historical changes，Has a profound impact on the social and spiritual life of Chinese people。

　　Has rich Bet365 lotto review connotation

In the expression of early Chinese thought，“Bet365 lotto review” as a title，Endowed with rich moral connotations，Often relative to "villain"。Be a Bet365 lotto review, not a villain，It has become the most important measure and standard in traditional Chinese moral concepts since ancient times。

Pay attention to personal cultivation、For a gentleman who is virtuous and eager to learn，The most famous teaching of Confucius is what he said to Zixia: "Be a gentleman and a Confucian scholar"，Inaction is a villain”。Confucius also said about the temperament of a gentleman: "A gentleman is magnanimous and magnanimous，The villain grows up together。”This is also a depiction of different levels of moral character。When it comes to the value orientation of justice and benefit，Confucius also said: "A gentleman is a metaphor for righteousness，The villain Yu Yuli。”In dealing with interpersonal relationships，“A gentleman is harmonious but different，The villains agree but don’t get along”，“A gentleman is always indifferent，The villain is not thoughtful”。These are all words，People with different moral standards，The value and meaning of life they focus on are also different。Confucius said, "When you see a talented person, you think about them together."，When you see someone who is unworthy, you should introspect yourself”，Isn’t it a gentleman’s virtue。And，A virtuous person will never be lonely，The so-called "virtue is not alone"，There must be neighbors”。A moral person，Not only pursuing personal cultivation，I will also do my part in shouldering moral responsibilities，Dare、Have the courage to make sacrifices for others。Therefore，Confucius said: "People with lofty ideals and benevolent people，Not seeking survival harms benevolence，Sacrificing yourself to achieve benevolence。"Confucius said, "Those who know will not be confused，The benevolent do not worry，The brave are not afraid”，It is the moral temperament that a gentleman should have。Accordingly，"Book of Rites: Doctrine of the Mean" further states: "Knowledge、仁、The Brave Three，The greatest virtue in the Bet365 lotto review”，“A gentleman follows the Tao”。Zhirenyong is the epitome of the gentleman’s way。

In Confucius’ view，A Bet365 lotto review also has restrictions on material enjoyment，Be able to live in poverty and be happy，Focus again on the study and practice of moral conduct。So，He said: "A Bet365 lotto review has nothing to eat but to be satisfied，No need to seek peace，Be sensitive to things but cautious in speaking，There is truth and justice，It can be said that he is eager to learn”，“Scholars are committed to the Tao，Shame on those who eat and dress badly，Not enough to discuss”。In the eyes of Confucius，Such a scholar is not enough to be called a Bet365 lotto review。When Zigong asked: "I am poor but have no flattery，Rich without arrogance，He Ru？" Confucius replied: "Yes。Be happy without being poor，A person who is rich and courteous。"Zigong asked the Bet365 lotto review again，Confucius replied: "First do what he says and then follow it。" He also said: "A Bet365 lotto review abandons benevolence，Evil fame？A Bet365 lotto review never violates his benevolence，If you do something wrong, you must do it，Every situation must be resolved。"It can be said，In the Bet365 lotto review who pursues benevolence as his moral priority，Aloofness is also a behavioral expression。If there must be a dispute，Then it should be during the shooting ceremony。So，Confucius said: "A Bet365 lotto review has nothing to fight for"，必也shoot！Yield and rise，Down and drink，The fight is also a Bet365 lotto review。"The "Book of Rites: Shooting Meanings" clarifies the practical value of shooting rituals in moral cultivation。

　Courage to take Bet365 lotto review responsibility

Mencius on the view of the gentleman，Inherit and develop Confucius’ thoughts。For example，Mencius said，People’s sense of shame is very important: “People cannot be shameless，Shameless shame，Shameless”，“Shame on the People’s Congress！Being a clever person，Useless and shameless”。Confucius once said that "having a sense of shame in one's own conduct" is the standard for a scholar。And，From self-cultivation to the moral pursuit of benefiting the Bet365 lotto review，It is also the behavioral direction of a gentleman。So，Mencius said: "The people of ancient times，Dezhi，Benefit to the people；Unwilling，Cultivate yourself and be seen in the Bet365 lotto review。If you are poor, take care of yourself，Advocate and benefit the Bet365 lotto review。”In addition, there is also “A gentleman is most likely to be kind to others”。So，Breathe the Bet365 lotto review、Be kind to others，The code of conduct or ideal goal of becoming a moral gentleman。And what Mencius said is "life，What I want；righteousness，Whatever I want，You can’t have both，Those who sacrifice their lives for righteousness”，It can also be understood as having great ambitions、Behave nobly、Do my duty。This is also a manifestation of a gentleman’s moral responsibility。

Mencius’ description of the virtues of a gentleman，There is also "the nature of a gentleman，Although it is a great thing, it is not added，It doesn’t hurt to live in poverty，Divided and determined”，"The nature of a gentleman，Benevolence, justice, etiquette and wisdom are rooted in the heart”。A gentleman’s moral sense should be rooted in the heart，There will always be a time to show something。As Mencius said, "Wealth cannot be promiscuous，Poverty and lowliness cannot be moved away，Mighty and unyielding，This is called a real man"，What he talks about is setting an example among gentlemen。The so-called "dwelling in the Bet365 lotto review"，Establishing the right position in the Bet365 lotto review，The road to travel in the Bet365 lotto review；Dezhi，With the people；Unwilling，Go your own way”，We can also see a kind of social responsibility and ideal ambition held by a gentleman。

　　Mozi and Xunzi discuss Bet365 lotto review self-cultivation

Mozi also expressed the virtues of a Bet365 lotto review，For example, "Mozi: Self-cultivation": "Although a Bet365 lotto review fights with formations, courage is the basis of his battles，Although mourning is polite, mourning is the basis of mourning，Although a scholar has knowledge, how can he conduct himself。" Then he said: "The way of a Bet365 lotto review，Poverty leads to integrity，Wealth means justice，When you are born, you will see love，Death brings sorrow，Those of the four walks must not be false，Those who do the opposite。”Under further inference，There are also a series of comparisons，That is, "Those who are not strong in ambition are not wise enough"，Those who do not believe in their words will not achieve results，According to wealth, one cannot make friends with others，Keeping the Tao but not being faithful、Everything is endless、Those who argue about right and wrong，Insufficiency and Tour；Those who are not solid in nature will eventually be destroyed，Those who are brave but do not practice will be lazy in the future，Those with turbid origins cannot flow clearly，Those who practice disbelief will lose their name。Fame does not come in vain and reputation does not grow in vain，Become famous，Reputation cannot be false，Those who do the opposite”。In a nutshell，"A Bet365 lotto review wears his body to guide his actions"。The way of self-cultivation and the theory of the Bet365 lotto review are both found in Mohism，This is fully reflected。

Xunzi’s Theory of the Gentleman，There are also many in his discussions。For example: "A gentleman is not arrogant，Not hidden，Bu blind，Just go with the flow。”Another example is “That’s why rights cannot be given away，The masses cannot move，The Bet365 lotto review cannot be shaken，Shengzhi Yiyi，Death is inevitable，This is what we call moral conduct”，And "A gentleman is poor but ambitious，Longrenye；Wealthy and respectful，The killing potential；An Yan’s blood is not lazy，Cambodian Liye；Tired but not withered，Easy to make friends with”。

Visible，The concept of Bet365 lotto review has many expressions in the thoughts and theories of pre-Qin scholars，In the final analysis，They are all examples and exemplary expressions of moral ideals。In modern consciousness，The concept of being a Bet365 lotto review and not a villain in the moral field，It also has the meaning of self-discipline and normative practice，It is also a basic standard of moral restraint，Often higher than the general code of conduct。This concept is beneficial to the harmony of interpersonal relationships、Smooth handling of life，And social development that takes human noble sentiments and beautiful virtues as realistic pursuits，They are all quite relevant。

　　Full of family and Bet365 lotto review feelings

Based on the traditional feelings of family and country，There are also many ideas about social ideals and Bet365 lotto review views presented。Among them，There are also values ​​and reasonable spirits that can be passed down。

Ancient Chinese society was more of a family society、Clan society and rural society，Traditional morality is very concerned about this。Confucius said: "Benevolence is beauty，How to be wise when you choose not to be kind。"Zheng Xuan, a classics scholar of the Eastern Han Dynasty, explained: "The inside ones，Where the people live。Living among the benevolent，It is good。Pursue a good life but not among the benevolent ones，You must not be wise。”Be able to live in a place where the neighbors are moral people，How wonderful it would be，Meng’s mother chose to live next door，This is what I think of。Xunzi also said: "Therefore, a Bet365 lotto review must choose his hometown，A travel essential，So guard against evil and stay close to the righteousness。"To put it simply，The phenomenon of "taking advantage of neighboring states" among vassal states criticized by Mencius，In his view, it is an immoral act that infringes on the interests of other countries。

From the education of individual moral cultivation，To the family、Family、Clan is the foundation of society，And then to governance at the national level，To achieve harmony and peace in the Bet365 lotto review，Constitutes an important moral ideal appeal in the early development of Chinese thought。This is systematically stated in "Book of Rites·University"，That is, "the ancient people who wanted to show their virtue to the Bet365 lotto review，Rule his country first；Those who want to rule their country，Qi Qi’s family first；Those who want to complete their family，Cultivation of oneself first；Those who want to cultivate themselves，Correct your heart first；Those who want to correct their minds，Be sincere first；Those who want to be sincere，Let him know first”。This way，Just connect individuals and families、Society、The country and even a wider range of human society are systematically connected。In the consciousness of the ancients，Moral society，It should be "filial piety and kindness between father and son"，Brothers watching their friendship，Loyalty between monarch and ministers，The township party observes its sincerity”，With moral constraints that extend to the country and the Bet365 lotto review。

In "Mozi" and "Laozi"，There are also similar expressions about individuals as well as the family, country and Bet365 lotto review，Present a contemporary view of the Bet365 lotto review。Let’s first look at what Mozi said，For example: "Zi Mozi said: Now if a country attacks another country，The relationship between family and family，People are enemies of each other，The emperor and his ministers are not loyal，Unkind and filial father and son，Brothers are not in harmony，This is a harm to the Bet365 lotto review。”This may be a concern about the historical scenes of the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period、Description and portrayal。Mozi’s targeted discussion，If "no one in the Bet365 lotto review loves each other"，Then "the strong must conquer the weak，The masses will rob the few，The rich will bully the poor，The noble must be proud of the humble，A fraud will deceive a fool"；And "Anyone who resents the cause of disaster in the Bet365 lotto review"，It’s all about “not loving each other”，That’s why “the benevolent must be punished”。Then "it is wrong，Why "easy"？“Zimo Zi said: Love each other with both sides，The method of mutual benefit is changed。" He also said: "If the Bet365 lotto review can love each other，Countries do not attack each other，There is no chaos between home and home，There are no thieves，Both king and minister, father and son, can be filial and kind；If so，The Bet365 lotto review will be governed。Therefore, the saint’s main task is to rule the Bet365 lotto review，It’s so evil that you can’t help but love but you can’t help it？Therefore, if the Bet365 lotto review loves each other, it will rule，Animation leads to chaos。The old master Mozi said: You must not dissuade those who love others，This is also。"It can be said，Mozi’s view of family, country and Bet365 lotto review is to love each other、mutual benefit、Non-attack is the basic principle。What he calls non-offensive is to strongly oppose "self-interest at the expense of others"，“Unkind” and “Unjust”，Furthermore, the behavior of “attacking a country is a big mistake but you don’t know what to do”。At the same time，Mozi further advocated，If "you will seek the benefit of revitalizing the Bet365 lotto review"，Eliminate harm to the Bet365 lotto review"，We need to be soberly and deeply aware that "if you are complicated, you should attack"，This is a huge harm to the Bet365 lotto review”。This can be called a strong pacifist view。

　　From individual to family and Bet365 lotto review

There is a chapter in "Laozi" whose discourse expression is closer to that of "Book of Rites·University"，The so-called "cultivation of the body"，His virtue is true；Cultivation at home，His virtue is all that remains；Cultivation in the countryside，His virtue is long；Cultivation for the country，Qi De Naifeng；Cultivation for the Bet365 lotto review，Qi De Nai Pu。So observe the body with the body，Viewing the home from home，View the countryside from the perspective of the countryside，View the country from the perspective of the country，View the Bet365 lotto review from the perspective of the Bet365 lotto review。How do I know what is going on in the Bet365 lotto review？With this”。Isn’t this an ideal state that can be achieved by extending the practice of moral cultivation from individuals to the Bet365 lotto review？The authenticity of moral practice、Isn’t it clear that richness and inclusiveness？

Confucius said, "Do what you don't want others to do."，Don’t do it to others，No resentment in the country，No complaints at home”，In politics, he advocates "being able to serve the country with courtesy"，"Government with virtue，For example, Beichen，Dwell in its place and share it with all the stars”。Mencius said "I am old and I am old as well as people"，You are my child and the child of others，The Bet365 lotto review can be transported in the palm of your hand”，Reflects the principle of "enjoying the Bet365 lotto review"，The thought of "worrying about the Bet365 lotto review" and "having fun with the people"。"The journey of the great road" mentioned in "Book of Rites·Liyun"，The concepts of "the Bet365 lotto review is for the common good" and "honesty and harmony" are combined with each other。These all reflect the ideals and pursuits from the individual to the family and the Bet365 lotto review，It is the precious spiritual wealth left by ancient sages to future generations。The "Book of Songs" says: "The people are also exhausted，汔可小康，Benefit China，Yisui Sifang。"The history books of later generations say: "The Bet365 lotto review is unified，Shengjiaoyuanbei”，"The Bet365 lotto review is unified，Return to governance”。It can be said，Classical ideals radiate immortal light in later generations。

In summary，Of course there are many aspects of ancient ideas and concepts that have developed with history、The evolution of social and political forms has been surpassed by the times。But，A lot of thought and spirit in it，For modern Chinese，Still has influence and inheritance value that spans time and space。In short，Many aspects of the moral attributes and normative concepts of human society，That is, treating people as they are、Home is home、A country is a country、The Bet365 lotto review is the Bet365 lotto review，The law of life as the basis for human existence、Survival Rules、Laws of communication、The law of existence and the common morality of mankind，Always has its spiritual value and practical significance，Worth our inheritance、Promote and practice。

(The author is a researcher at the Institute of Ancient History, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences、Secretary-General Bet365 lotto review Research Center for Chinese Intellectual History, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences)