General Secretary Xi Jinping at the Sixth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee of the Party，It specifically mentioned the two answers given by our party on how to jump out of the historical cycle of the rising and declining and decline in chaos，One is the "Let the people get up to supervise the government" by Comrade Mao Zedong in Yan'an Kiln Cave，The other is the "self -revolution" given by the new practice since the century of struggle, especially the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China,。The "Resolution of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on major achievements and historical experience on the party's century -old struggle and historical experience" was reviewed and approved by the plenary meeting，Determine "Persist in Self -Revolution" as one of the ten historical experiences of the CPC's century -old struggle。On the other hand, relying on people's supervision external forces，The ability and mechanism that rely on inner reflection and correction，The Communist Party of China can maintain a strong vitality and vitality。History of thousands of years of history，No matter how strong the feudal dynasty，Can't get rid of the cycle of the interest and decline of chaos，Finally fell into decline。but，Chinese Communists have explored a long -term governance condition to solve their own problems、Jumping out of the successful road of historical cycle，This is never before in history。

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The ruler of the dynasties of the dynasties all recognized the problem of the cycle of the rising and declining cycle of chaos，I am also actively thinking about how to learn from the lesson of the predecessors，Keep the country's long -term security。Zhou people invented the word "Yin Jian" very early，"Yin Jian is not far away，In the world of summer "，It is pointed out that the demise of the Xia Dynasty is the lesson of Yin Shang's front car。When Xiaobang overturned the rule of Dabang Yin on weekly,，The rulers of the Zhou Dynasty were also deeply shocked，Emphasize the importance of "Yin Jian" more，"I must not be supervised in the summer，You must not be supervised with Yin "。

Spring and Autumn and Warring States Periods，With the fall of Zhou room、The succession of the vassal overlords，The thinkers have become more bet365 best casino games and more realized that a historical cycle with a cycle of recovery。Confucius said: "Yin is due to Xia Li，The profit and loss can be known; Zhou is due to Yin Li，The profit or loss can be known for。It or the one who follows the week，Although Bai Shi can know。"Confucius said that although it is ritual，But clearly outline Yin Jixia、Zhou Jiyin、Zhou will inevitably be replaced by the new dynasty.，and infer that this is the case even if the hundred generations are。

People have also raised the question of "why is this"。Han Fei said: "Where is the chaos in the world?" "Liu Tao" said: "The world Xixi，One Ying Yiyi，Yizhi Yishe，So the one，Why? "The ruler of the later generations must always ask a question that is almost the same: why did the previous dynasty die，How did I get the world? For example，Han Gaozu asked Lu Jia to "try to be Qin for me, so lose the world，What I got by me，and the country of losing ancient Cheng Cheng "。Tang Taizong "Every time to the place where the predecessors died，All ask what it is，Used as an commandment "。Song Taizong "Detailed Old Old，Ask the reasons for the previous prosperity abolition，Mingzhi in the heart，Think of Jianjian "。Yuan Shizu "See the Song Dynasty General，Quickly ask the Song of Song and the deceased "。A lot of similar records，The core of these problems is nothing more than how to avoid repeat the same mistakes。Tang Taizong also specifically "Watch the Relics of the King，The Luck of the Death "，Written into a "Gold Mirror" article，Attempts to prove the "gains and losses，The reasons for the disappearance of prosperity，Over time, "seeing the origin of chaos，Team of the British Mirror "。

　　Discuss the cause of the decline of the previous generation

After the emergence of the dynasties of the dynasties，Most of the political summary of the rise and fall of the previous generation，Above the court and even the people often have a lot of discussions。The reasons for the decline of the dynasty summarized by the ancients，Generally there are the following points。

First，No benevolence，Don’t shot people's livelihood。The ancients believed that "destiny is common"，The dynasty is more replacement of the result of destiny transfer，"Tianshi Self -People's TV，Heaven Listening Self -listening "" What the people want，Tian must follow it "，Therefore, the people's heart determines the rise and fall of the dynasty。"Political Division，In the heart of the people; abolition of politics，In the heart of the people bet365 live casino games "，"If you get the public, you get the country，If the crowd is lost "。

From "Shang Shu"，We can see that Shang Tang accused Xia Yan accusing Xia Yan "to curb the power，Plus Xiayi，There is a lot of guidance to the association "，King Zhou Wu accused Shang Ye of "violent abuse in the people，To Shangyi with adultery "。Xia Yi、Shang Ye exhausted the people、Stress the people，Learn from the people for centrifugation，Finally to the country。Jia Yi in "Crossing the Qin"，The root cause of the Qin death with "the momentum of" no deeds and not exerting the influence and offensive and defensive "，That is, Qin does not apply benevolence，The people cannot be safe，Soon the world from sweeping the world to a defeated country。

Tang Taizong and the Minister have a lot of discussions about the decline of the chaos and the decline，One of the important reasons for Tang Taizong believes that the death of the Sui Dynasty is "the palace of Emperor Sui Yang Guang created the palace，Fortunately "，As a result, "Human manpower is unbearable，Gathering as a thief "。He said that these are all their own personal visits，So he is deeply admonished，"Dare not dare to use manpower，Only make the people quiet，No resentment "。The ministers of the early Tang Dynasty also held similar views，As Wei Zheng pointed out: "The people want to be quiet and endless，The people are withered and extravagant，Dechatity of the country，Heng from this。”

Officials corrupted，Luxury rot，Officials corrupted。"Zuo Zhuan" has a famous saying: "The defeat of the country，Yu Guanxieye。"The extravagant corruption of the ruling class will inevitably lead to the decline of the country。Zhou Gong recognized that Xia Dian Yu Yu Yi Yi "，Shang also died in "Birthday Jue Ji"，That is, the rulers of Xia Shang indulge themselves、Dajiu，Therefore, I lost the blessing of God，thus causing funeral。

Song Taizu Zhao Kuangyin Facing Shuhou，shocked by the seven jewelery decorative by Shu Lord Meng Yue，I got it "What is so is，What to do if you die "。Mingren summarizes "The reason why the Yuan is the Dead"，Think of "solid base in the upper and lower causes，狃 狃 "，Also placed extravagance as an important reason。To maintain a luxurious life，The ruling class of the Yuan Dynasty "up and down greedy bribery"，In the end, it is even a seller Jue，Destruction of officials。

"Evil ministers are in place，Hidden of Xianzhe "is also an important reason for the decline of the dynasty。Zhou Gong said that King Shang Ye used "people of shy torrents" and "people of Xi Yide"Bet365 lotto review ，Emperor Sui Wen said, "Why did Qi dead，from Ren Xie "。Those with talented virtues can not get appointment，Greedy and despicable people control each position，How can politics be not faint?

System abandonment，System abandonment，Tianzi lost rights。History Book，In the end of the dynasty, the phenomenon such as "During the Chapters", "Outline", "Decree Real" and other phenomena。With the rotten of the ruling class，A series of effective systems fall into deserted，The operation of national politics is unswerving。Business，Zu Yi pointed out that the King of Kings "does not Yu Tian，Bulidi Lev "，Waste Code，Must be abandoned by God。

Ming Taizu commented on the death of the Han and Tang dynasties: "Han died in foreign relatives、Temple，Tang Dead in Fan Town、Rongdi。"In the late Eastern Han Dynasty, foreign Qi eunuchs became right to fight for each other，End of the Tang Dynasty Fan Town Section，Its essence is that the emperor has lost its authority。The so -called "no prestige is arrogant，Pride is chaotic，Disposal will be destroyed，So death "，Once the emperor or the central government loses authority，Ministers or places are prone to arrogance，Don’t obey the center of the central government，So the world is separated，Fighting constantly，The country is reduced to decline。

Doru commented on the Ming Dynasty and said, "Therefore, the Ming ministers，Each party feathers，Lianzhang Chen Zou，Crful Zhongliang，To death，No merit abuse，Crucular，To death。"The dispute over the party's party is also a major reason for ancient politics。Pull gangs between bureaucrats，Piece of Party Camp Private，Leading with each other，Discussion by one party，The other party will inevitably oppose，Only the power of the power，Regardless of right, wrong, good and evil。More and more party competition，It will inevitably damage the authority of the monarch，Disposal state affairs，Finally dragged the country into an irreparable situation。The Song Dynasty Teng Yuanfa said: "，Although the master can help; otherwise，Although the Holy also。”

Fourth，Lack of fear of fear of worry，Unprepared 新。Wei Zheng said: "Thinking is so critical，Thinking is to be chaotic，Thinking for death。​​"The rulers can maintain the consciousness of fear of worrying for a long time，It is difficult for the country to fall into faint。Wei Zheng also raised a question of people with a deep province， "Is the Emperor's Evil bet365 Play online games the Security of the World，long -term unwilling to socialize，Therefore, torture，Eliminate to die? "How can the emperor want to govern for a long time，intentional tyrannical people，Self -destruction。So why did Emperor Sui Yang do this? The reason is "强 其，Not Yu Hou Premier。Drive the world with desire，All things with all things "，I think the country is rich and strong，Do not consider it after the trouble and do whatever you want。

History，In the early days of the founding, monarchs often kept fear in the past，Tang Taizong said: "This is the rise and fall，Extremely Warm Battle "，"Makes people afraid of fear，Ruling thin "。Ming Taizu said: "The weight of the country in the world，How can you forget the police instantly? "And later generations，Cheng Ping Sheng Jiu，"If you are not chaotic, you must be chaotic，If you do not die, you will never die "，Confidence "I have no life in the sky"，Don’t listen to persuasion，I regret，Finally to the country。

Not acceptable、Not self -new，It is also the cause of the dead country that ancient people often said，If Zhou people say that King Shang Yang was "Mo Lisin，Destiny to lean "， Tang Taizong said, "Early enlightenment to the ambassador Sui Lord，It is not time to destroy "。The End of the Dynasty，The persuasion or statement of the monarch to the minister，Can't listen at all，Historic books "Books are not available", "Munities repeatedly do not listen" and other records such as "。Actually if you are governing，It is impossible not to have deviations and mistakes，Just change the string in time，Early change，Not in danger。As Li Yingying said in the Song Dynasty: "Since ancient times, the world，Is there any opportunity to recover? Its monarch fans are gone，There is no good picture of the good change so far，Sui Lear，It is difficult to clean up。”

　　The ancient dynasty could not get out of the cycle rate

Although the ancients have been exploring the way to get out of the cycle，Inspired the monarch to do something，Prevent the dynasty from declining，However, since people recognize the cycle of the rise and fall of chaos，On the question you can get out，It has been roughly pessimistic for thousands of years。As early as the beginning of the Western Zhou Dynasty，Zhou Gong once said, "Yin Falling his life，I have a weekly suffering。I dare not know that Jue Ji Yongfu Yu Hui。Ruo Tianyu，I dare not know that it is out of ominous，indicates that Zhou should learn from Yin Shang，But after the Bet365 app download Zhou Dynasty after Yin could not predict it for a long time。

Liu Xiang in the Han Dynasty said: "Although there are Yao Shun saint，The son of Danzhu cannot be turned; although there is Yu Tang's virtue，Can't train Sun Zhiyu。Since ancient times and today，Countries that are not dead。"Liu Xiang made it clear that it is impossible to avoid decline in the dynasty from ancient times.，The key to the problem is no matter how great the pioneer，Nothing can prevent the appearance of the unscrupulous descendants。Liu Xiang's phrase "Since ancient times and present，The country that has not been dead is also said that it is widely circulated after generation，Even many emperors agree。Emperor Wei Wen said，Emperor Xiaojing East of Eastern Wei said，Kim La Zong said，It has become the word of many princes of the dead。Tang Taizong, who is concerned about the decline of the chaos, basically agrees with Liu Xiang's point of view: "，growth folk，All know the love，Rarely to death。Catch the monarch of the succession of the scholars，Rich，I don't know the suffering，Move to Yidi。"Tang Taizong pointed out，Although the ruler at the beginning of the business can keep alert，But the rulers of the industry are always safe，Eventually leading to the annihilation of the dynasty。Visible，Although he made "Gold Mirror"，The fate of the Tang Dynasty is very thorough。

The view of the Tang Dynasty Ma Zhou has certain representativeness，He said, "Every time he sees the death of his previous generation，If you know what his political and religion are funeral，I don't know the loss of their body "。Although the rulers saw the decline of the previous generation，5218_5228，No can examine the same problem。So，"Later Vision Today，Viewing Ancients of the present "，For descendants of jokes，I am a joke for myself again，This cycle is reciprocating。In the Yuan Dynasty Baoba used the sun and the moon to metaphorize the rise and fall of the dynasty: "，Yueying loss。Sun and Moon Shanger，Is it true that people do? What is the world?，Destroyed and lost，Always。"" In his opinion，The prosperity of the dynasty is a common sense like a natural phenomenon。

In ancient China, the "Five Germans" and the "Three -unified" theory of the "Five Germans" explained and standardized the rise and fall of the dynasty，That is, the dynasty is required to change the dynasty to run in a certain order，Emerging dynasties will arrange their own institutional clothes with their own "virtue" or "unification"。

Visible，The ancients bet365 best casino games did not think that the rise and falling cycle of the dynasty could be broken。Qin Shihuang is probably an exception，He has established a unified dynasty，Self -called "Emperor of the Emperor"，Imagine "Later generations are counting，III III. As for Wanli，Endless passing "，But the Qin Dynasty died in the second generation。Actually，Qin Shihuang is not confident，When he sees the words such as "the dead Qin Hu Ye", "the emperor's death,"，Just move dry，big slaughter，As a result, it accelerated Qin’s demise。

Many dynasties in history，The reason why the cycle rate of the discharge of chaos is not avoided，Because they can neither let the people supervise themselves，Not to do self -revolution。The route of the dynasties in the past is generally like this: Starting the life of the Dynasties to obtain power，After a period of time, I am incense and prosper.，Polarity and Deadly Going Up and downhill Road，Finally, the last hundred disadvantages are irreplaceable，can only wait for future generations to revolutionize their own lives。Only Marxist party，Only "dare to carry out self -revolution，Dare to blade inward，Dare to scrape bone healing，Dare to break the wrist "，Really coming out of "It is also educated，The historical cycle rate of death is also suddenly "。

(The author is the Institute of Ancient History of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences、Researcher at the History of Chinese Thought History)