In the Bronze Museum of Shanxi，Show Chen's two precious bronze wares -Yifang Yi and Yizun。Han Binghua's "New Opinion and Yi Fang Yi" ("Jianghan Archeology" 2019, No. 4) and Zhang Changping "Talking about New See Yi Zun、The Times and Decoration Style of Yi Fang Yi "(" Jianghan Archeology "2019, No. 4) has done a good study of these two heavy weapons。Previous，I have been invited by Han Binghua，I also wrote a small article "Yi Zun First Detective" (Shanxi Provincial Public Security Department、Shanxi Provincial Cultural Relics Bureau edited: "National Treasure Home -2019 Shanxi Public Security Organ to fight the results of the crime of cultural relics (1)"，2019 edition)，Talking about the value of Yizun。Recently read Li Xueqin's theory of the Copper Copper of the Western Zhou Dynasty，It is necessary to further discuss the meaning of the age of Yi Fang Yi and Yizun.。

　　bet365 live casino games

Yi Fang Yi，Tongliang high 49.0 cm，Weight 17.35 kg。Luxury mouth，Cervical contraction，A slight external drum in the abdomen，Circle foot contraction，Cutting on the ground, extravagance。Covering the Four Aya -style roof。Cervical decorative long nose dragon pattern，Abdominal and covering noodle beast face pattern，Circle Foot Towers Bird's Dragon File，All with fine cloud -thunderbar bases。Eight hook -shaped vertical vertical distribution in the table，The lower end of the halberd at the foot of the circle (Figure 1)。There are inscriptions in the inside of the device 4 lines. 23 words: "隹 (only) Ten and March Dinghai，Wu Wang Yi (tin) Yibei Thirty Peng，Used (as) Father Bibao Zun Yi。. "(Figure II)

Yizun，Tong high 34.2 cm。The device is a three -segment type 觚，Decoration of banana leaf patterns along the mouth，Bird patterns and pupae on the neck，Abdominal and circle foot decoration beast pattern，All with fine cloud -thunderbar bases。There are four hook -shaped vertical vertical distribution of the table table，The upper end is at the edge of the halberd (Figure 3)。The inscription and Yi Fang Yi are basically the same (Figure 4)。

About Yi Fang Yi、The age of Yizun，The author pointed out in "Ji Zun's First Detective"，From the perspective of shape and decorative style，Yi Fang Yi and Yizun have the characteristics of bronze wares during the Shang and Zhou dynasties。The word "Wu Wang" in the inscription，Prove to Yifang Yi、Yizun is two standard devices of the Western Zhouwangwang period。Han Binghua and Zhang Changping believe that Yi Fang Yi、The "Wu Wang" in the inscription of Yizun is a nickname rather than a student name，The age of casting in the king period。Even if it is done in the king period，Also in the beginning of the king，Still the earliest bronze wares in the West of the West，So it does not affect the discussion of this article。

What I want to say in this article is，Yi Fang bet365 best casino games Yi、The emergence of Yizun，It is important for us to re -examine and review the time of the era of bronze wares of the Western Zhou Dynasty, especially the early Western Zhou Dynasty.。

　　Different from the Copper Broken Congress of the Western Zhou Dynasty

The 1930s，Ling Fang Yi unearthed around Luoyang Mapo in 1929、Ling Zun and other important bronze wares，A profound controversy broke out in the academic world。It is far -reaching，Not only because the views of the two parties have been affecting now，And the important theory and method of the Bronze Dragon of the Western Zhou Dynasty, the immortal glory shining in the history of bronze research。

The earliest discussion was Luo Zhenyu's "The Examination Explanation of the Yi Yi" in 1929.，1929 edition) One article。Since then more than a dozen scholars have published a special argument，Such as Guo Moruo、Ma Xulun、Wu Qichang、Tang Lan、Chen Mengjia、Bang Shuda, etc.，Totalized works also involve。Li Xueqin thinks，"Ling Fang Yi can be called one of the bronze wares that are most valued by the academic circles"。

In this discussion，The most representative scholars are Guo Moruo and Tang Lan，The point of view of both parties is completely different。Guo Moruo wrote "Comprehensive Research on Lingyi and other utensils" in 1930，Science Press, 1961 edition) and other articles，Do not agree that Luo Zhenyu will make Fang Yi put Fang Yi after Chengkang，I believe that Kang Palace is not the temple of King Kang，No interrogation meaning，The main order of Fang Yi is in the era of the king。Tang Lan published in 1934 "Book Order and Book Ordering Yi Ming Test Examination" (National Peking University "Sinology Season 4"，1934)，Shen Lun Luo Zhenyu、Wang Guowei's point of view，The "Kang Palace" in Fang Yi's inscription is the temple of Kang King，and point out that King Kang is the ancestor，There is Zhao in Kang Palace、Mu、Yi、The temple of the king，It just corresponds to Kang Zhao Palace (see Song Ding, etc.) in the inscription of the bronze ware、Kangmu Palace (see Keji)、Kanggong Yitai Room (seeYou Cong Ding)、Kangyu (Li) Palace (see Kezhong)，This proves that the name of the "Kang Palace" name will be after the king of Kang Yi。This is the standard standard for the famous bronze in the generation -later known as the prototype of the "Kang Palace" principle。

In the 1950s and 1960s，The issue of the age of Fang Yi has set off a new round of controversy。Chen Mengjia published "The Bronze of the Western Zhou Dynasty" in 1956 ("Journal of Archeology", 1955, 9、10 volumes，No. 1-4, 1956)，Bai Chuan is still "Jin Wen Tong Interpretation" (Japanese Baihe Art Museum，1963-1980)，Try to support Guo Moruo's theory with new evidence，Think that Fang Yi is a king of the king。Tang Lan published a long article "The" Kang Palace Issue "in the Bronze of the Western Zhou Dynasty" ("Journal of Archeology", No. 1, 1962)，Combined with the newly discovered bronze ware，Comprehensive、systematically demonstrated his "Kang Palace" principle。

Ling Fang Yi's Drag，Not only is it directly related Bet365 app download to the issue of a large number of early Copper in the Western Zhou Dynasty，or not due to the application of the Kang Palace, it also involves the disconnection of the bronze wares in the middle and late Western Zhou Dynasty，The influence surface is very wide。

but but，Due to the lack of archeological data，Whether it is Guo Moruo's "King of Kings"，Still Tang Lan's "Zhao Wang said"，Evidence is not solid enough，There are two reasons。First due to the complexity of Fang Yi (Figure 5)，When you look at it, you know that this device decoration style has a strong late business charm，Three layers full flowers，Extremely gorgeous，The beast pattern decorated、Dragon pattern is very traditional。More importantly，The glyphs of the inscription are similar to the wave bodies of late quotients，Especially treasure、Ding、Father、Zong、Wang、Writing of the word B，Paper hypertrophy。This is easy to cause illusion，I thought the age of this device was very early。The second is the lack of evidence。Although both sides argued that both parties cited some standard devices，such as Dafeng (that is, the death of heaven)、poultry、Xiaochen Shanyu, etc.，But the crux of the problem lies in，These utensils are less associated with each other，Can't support each other，It is difficult to form the evidence chain，Therefore, it is not enough to convince people。

　　Micro family bronze provides entry point

This discussion turned in 1976。When the bronze group of Binba No. 1 cellar in Fufengzhuang, Shaanxi was released，Li Xueqin is keenly realized，The key to solve the problem is touched。His "important ruler of the important bronze in the middle of the Western Zhou Dynasty -Zhou Yuanzhuangbai、Comprehensive Research on the two bronze cellar in the strong family "(" China Museum of History Museum ", No. 1, 1979)，Because of this batch of bronze wares from the micro -family family，"There is not only a horizontal connection between the various instruments (the utensils of the same time of the same device)"，There are also "vertical connections (the utensils of several generations of the main family)"，The corresponding relationship between the owner and the bronze ware that can be arranged by the first to seventh from the first to seventh generation:

The first "Gao Zu"

The second "Lie Zu"

The third "Bitu"

The fourth "Asia Zuxin" fold Fang Yi

Fifth "B Gong" Fengfengzun, Fengzun

Sixth "Ding Gong" wall disk

Seventh century 簋

A fixed point is a wall disk，The valuable thing about this group of copper is that there are two fixed points of the Weishi Shi Shi Department。A fixed point is a wall disk，The inscription indicates that the wall disk is made in the period of the Communist King，is a standard device; the other is based on the inscription of the wall plate，Wei's "Lie Zu" see Wu Wang，It shows that the "Lie Zu" is sealed by the king of Wu，Event in King Wu、Chengwang period。With these two fixed points，Other generations of micro -family activities can be more accurately defined。The first "Gao Zu" is the last businessman。The second "Lie Zu" should bet365 live casino games live in the period of the king。The third "Bo Zu"，According to the inscription of the wall, it can be known，The time for him to serve as Wang Zhou is very long，About the early stage of King Kang King in the early stage of the king。Fourth "Fold"，According to the inscription of the wall, it is also a long -lived person，Considering that King Zhao's reign is only 19 years，Fang Fang Yi inscriptions show that he follows the south of Zhao and returns safely，Therefore, the period of "folding" should be from the period of Kang Kang to the beginning of Mu Wang。Fifth "Feng", mainly in the Mu Wang period。The tenure of the sixth "wall" is mainly in the first year of the Communist Party to the filial piety，Because of common、懿 The two Wang Wang's reigning time is not long。Seventh ""Activities In the era of filial piety to the Li Li period.

To sum up，The seventh generation of the WeChat family does not have a loop，The corresponding copper ware also has a clear order of arrangement，Between the two can test each other。So，Li Xueqin pointed out，"Such a bronze swarm can be used as a ruler，It is used to check whether the Bronze Age sequences we schedule are correct "。

Among them, there is a typical utensil Fang Yi (Figure 6)，very similar to the above Ling Fang Yi，The shape has been different from Fang Yi from the late business to the beginning of the week，Developed from high to horizontal width。Mr. Li specifically pointed out: These two pieces of "Fang Yi's abdomen is swollen"。Yin Shang Fang Yi's abdomen is almost all straight walls，Enter Western Zhou，Fang Yi's abdomen starts to drum，Composer wall shape，There are high -level，These are all late features。Since Fang Yi can only be ranked between Zhaomu，It is impossible to move up and down，So the group including the order of Fang Yi can only be Zhao Wang Shiwen，and it is never possible to get to the period of the king in advance。Therefore，Further proves the reliability of the "Kang Palace" principle，It played a very important role in the study of the Bronze in the Western Zhou Dynasty。Mr. Li's article is outstanding，Thorough analysis，Deaf，Far -influence，Later, the academic community mostly used his statement。

In the history of the Bronze Research of Bronze in the Western Zhou Dynasty，We can often see scholars fighting for the age of a bronze ware.，The reason is that both parties cannot come up with persuasive evidence。The so -called persuasive evidence，Including two layers of meaning: First, analysis of archeological types，The relative ages of the bronze wares can be preserved，That is, a certain piece of bronze is before or after another bronze ware，For example, the above Ling Fang Yi、Fang Fang Yi must be behind Yi Fang Yi; the second is that the standard device must be measured、Test。Mr. Li's Zhuo Ran is in order to combine the analysis of archeological types with the use of the standard device。He noticed the distance between the age and the relationship between the flowers of the bronze wares of the micro -family generations，Give full play to the ruler of the Bet365 app download standard device such as wall disks，Make these bronze wares in their own position，Do not want to move。So，Mr. Li’s theory has great persuasion。

　　Recent research must be further discussed

Of course，As a view，Still scholars who believe in and play with Guo Moruo's theory。2002，Shen Changyun and Du Yong published "The Instaline Troubled Test of the Arc Wall Fangyi" ("Cultural Relics", No. 8, 2002) (hereinafter referred to as "Arcwo")，Different opinions on the age of the Arc Wall Fang Yi (Drum -abdomen Fang Yi), which is dedicated to Ling Fang Yi。The main reason is that the arc wall Fang Yi exists in the late Shang Dynasty，Ling Fang Yi is the inheritance of this curved wall Fang Yi，So it is impossible to reach the Zhao period late。Examples of the Shang Dynasty Arc Wall Fang Yi cited by "Arc Wall"，It is the puppet Fang Yi, who was surged by the tomb of Yinxu Women's Tomb ("The" "Shang Zhou Yi Instrument Examination" version 600)。They believe that arc wall Fang Yi is popular at the beginning of the week，In addition to Ling Fang Yi，And Rongzi Fang Yi、UncleFang Yi, etc.。Published by the article "Arc Wall"，For further discussion of the age of Fang Yi, Fang Yi, Fang Yi (Drum -abdomen Fang Yi), it is quite beneficial。but，Knowing this question，There are still some places that need to be discussed。

First，About Women's Optor Fang Yi，Many scholars, including the author of "Arc Wall", are not based on the positive view of the utensil but the side view (Figure 7)。Look from the side，The abdomen of Fu Fang Yi seems to have a bit of arc。But，Look at the positive view at a glance，Women's Nice Fang Yi's abdominal wall has no arc (Figure 8)。In other words，It has no bulging abdomen wall，On the contrary，From shoulder、At the junction of the abdomen, it will start to collect，and the Drum belly can be described as a south。

As for Fang Fang Yi (Figure 9)，Although the abdomen of this device is bulging，But the lower abdomen is up，The vertical abdomen is usually called (about this，"Arc Wall" author also recognizes)，and Ling Fang Yi、Different Different Drums of Fang Yi，From the perspective of archeological types，belongs to different types，Naturally, there are different evolutionary laws，Do not talk about。Unfortunately, the picture of this device is still not the positive view of the utensil but the side view，I hope that there will be a positive view in the future and discuss。

In short，So far，I haven't found that there are arc walls in the Shang Dynasty。Yi Fang Yi is the first arc wall Fang Yi in the Western Zhou Dynasty，It is also the earliest curved wall Fang Yi。

　　Standard to solve disputes at the beginning of the week

As mentioned earlier, when a piece of bronze is disconnected，It is best to use the standard device for reference。Unfortunately，There are too few standards in the Western Zhou Dynasty。Even if there is，For example, there are Dafeng 簋 (that is, heaven)、poultry、Xiaochen Shanyu and other standard devices，It will also not belong to the same type because the utensils compared with it，Lack of the same or similar observation point，thus affecting the Bet365 app download effect。For example，Ling Fang Yi、Fang Fang Yi and Dafeng (that is, the death of heaven)、poultry、Xiaochen Shanpai to compare，Although you can start from the decoration style and inscription character,，But it cannot be compared from the shape，and shape is precisely the most important observation level。Now，With the standard Fang Yi at the beginning of the week -Yi Fang Yi，You can put it with the Asian Ugly Fang Yi at the end of the Shang Dynasty (Yin Ruins IV，Figure 10) and the Ling Fang Yi of the Zhao Wang period、Fang Fang Yi to compare，​​clearly see the evolution trajectory and laws of Fang Yi from the end of the business to the Zhaomu period of the Western Zhou Dynasty。

The difference between Fang Yi in these three different periods is five points。First，Different forms of overall form。Asian Ugly Fang Yi is the basic form of Fang Yi of the Shang Dynasty，as a rectangle，and Ling Fang Yi as the basic form of Fang Yi in the Western Zhou Dynasty，The abdomen becomes more wide and wider。Yi Fang Yi is between the two，Form is not "thin" or "fat"。Second，Different abdominal walls，This is the most obvious difference。Asian Ugly Fang Yi is a straight wall，Yi Fang Yi is Qubi，The abdomen slightly drums up，This is a new type of the business device，Ling Fang Yi is also Qubi，But the abdomen is obviously drumming up by Yi Fang Yi，This is a sign of the evening of the age。Third，Different circle feet。Asian Ugly Fang Yi's lower end of the foot of the circle has a little exterior skimming，Lest Fang Yi's circle of feet obviously has a layer of shallow platform，Yi Fang Yi is close to Ling Fang Yi，Obviously there is a layer of shallow platform under the circle feet，Explain that this is a new type of business that is different from the business instrument。Fourth，Different types and styles of decoration。Asian Ugly Fang Yi uses the old，Ling Fang Yi、Fang Fangyi uses the late dragon pattern and Gu Long pattern。The lines of the Ya Chou Fang Yi pattern are relatively straight，Ling Fang Yi、The lines of the decoration of Fang Yi are relatively soft、Fine。Yi Fang Yi is between the two，The decorative style is close to the Asian Ugly Fang Yi，But the pupa used is different from the Asian Ugly Fang Yi。Fifth，Different styles of glyphs。Alert Fang Yi Ming's pictographs are relatively strong，Although Fang Yi's inscription has a certain degree of wave body meaning，Like Fang Fang Yi，Some words 捺 捺，Danzi and words、The spacing of lines and lines is neat，And Yi Fang Yi is between the two，Different size，Stupid，Charm is close to the business instrument，Instead of Ling Fang Yi、Fang Fang Yi is quite distance (Figure 11: 1、2、3）。

Comparison of comparison，The difference between the righteousness of the Yuan Zun and the Ling Fang Zun as Fang Zun is not so obvious，About three points。First，Different forms of overall form。Yizun has the basic form of the end of the business，Smooth long，and the basic form of Fang respected the Western Zhou Dynasty，The abdomen becomes more wide and wider。Second，Ling Fang Zun and Yizun are both song walls，But the former drums up than bet365 Play online games the latter，This is a manifestation of the time later。Third，Different styles of decoration and glyphs。The same distinction between Fang Yi and Yi Fang Yi above，No more remarks。

In short,，Yi Fang bet365 best casino games Yi、The emergence of Yizun，enough to dispel someone who wants to make Fang Yi、Lingzun will go to King Wu in advance、The thought of the period of the king。The difference between Fang Yi is very different from Yi Fang Yi，Therefore, it can only be Zhao Wang Shiwen，Is it impossible to be listed with Yifang Yi in Wu Wang、The period of the king。

and so on,Fang Yi, Rongzi Fang Yi, Beggar Fang Yi,Fang Yi's production age is in the late period of King Zhao or the early years of King Mu。Qi Shenglu Fang Yi Gai and Bookmark Wu Fangyi，No device only has a lid，The beast pattern decorated is a decomposable animal face pattern，The inscription line is neat，The thickness of the strokes is consistent，It is the standard jade body，It should also be in the middle of the Western Zhou Dynasty。Therefore，The emergence of Yi Fang Yi，The study of the Bronze in the Western Zhou Dynasty will have a good chain reaction effect。

The emergence of Yi Fang Yi，Further confirmed the conscious opinion of Li Xueqin on the Drag of the Copper Copper in the Western Zhou Dynasty。From this we can understand his academic concept and method。First，He has a keen perception of new information unearthed from archeological excavation，and link it with previous information，To explain the long -term suspended problems。Second，He has deep insight into the form of the utensil，It can be aware of the very subtle difference between utensils。Last，He is good at forming、Pattern、Inscriptions and other aspects to make comprehensive evaluation，Therefore, accurately grasp the age of the utensil。

(Author Unit: School of History and Culture, Shaanxi Normal University)