History of the Xirong ethnic group contained in the historical classics，The earliest dates back to the late Shang Dynasty to the Western Zhou Dynasty。The so -called "Xirong"，Generally on the week of the pre -Qin period, the week、Qin Cultural Distributed Area Around the Public Refers of Minorities。They live in remote places，Migration、Bull raising horse。"Han Feizi · Ten Ten" contains "Inner Shi Liao Yue" ‘Chen Wen Rong's Residence，Remaining and far away，The Voice of China '...，Bull and Horse half dead "。The funeral customs of the early Rongren，Reflected from the tombs excavated by archeological。

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Since ancient times，Conflict between the Central Plains dynasty and the Xirong ethnic group。As early as the Western Zhou Dynasty Mu Wang, he had "Western Expedition Inu Rong"，In the early Spring and Autumn Period, "Rong forced Zhu Zhu"，"Farong and Different" during the Qin Xianggong period。To Qin Mu Gong，Start conquering the Rong tribe west of Guanzhong again: once, the five -shot doctor Baili Xiangqin, "Bay Rong to serve"，Another is "Use Yu Mou Chao Rong King ... Yi Guo 12，Thousands of miles away，Sui Xie Rong "。After Mu Gong，The Qin people cut the mortar、Destroy Zhai、Zhanyi Qu、Zheng Dali、And Wu's。Until the early War of the Warring States Period，"China No Rong Kou，Only Yu Yicu "。and then，"Queen Mother Xuan killed Yicu Rongwang in Ganquan ... So Qin has Longxi、North ground、Shang County，Build the Great Wall to refuse Hu "。So far，Qin and Xirong for hundreds of years of war，Finally, Xirong was cut and incorporated into the Qin Dynasty.。

There are many in Xirong branch，According to the current archeological bet365 best casino games survey and excavation, it can be known，my country currently discovered that the cultural relics of Xirong during the Eastern Zhou Dynasty were mainly distributed in central and southern Ningxia、Southeast Gansu and northern Shaanxi。The range is roughly north to Qin Great Wall，South to the north bank of the Weihe River，The upstream tributary of the west Weihe River Zhanghe Basin，East Surong Wuling，Focusing on Longshan as the center。can be divided into five relatively independent areas，That is the central and southern part of Ningxia、Tianshui area in eastern Gansu、Zhang County, Central South Gansu、Qingyang area in eastern Gansu and Huangling area in northern Shaanxi。

　Tomb reflects Xirong's unique culture

The 1930s，Su Bingqi discovered "shovel feet" in the 4 Warring States tombs of Baoji Douzai，Since then, Qin Rong Cultural Research has been preceded。80s，Two types of cultural relics unearthed by the Maojiaping site that Zhao Huacheng hosted the excavation of him was the first part of the "Qin Cultural Cultivation (Group A relics) in the Western Zhou Dynasty" and "Group B with red -brown pottery in sand ( Xirong Cultural Condition) "。At the end of the 1980s，Many northern system of bronze culture are discovered in southern Ningxia and eastern Gansu，Scholars call it "Yanglang Type"，and point out through follow -up research，This type of relics should be the same as the relics left by the Xirong ethnic activities during the Eastern Zhou Dynasty。In recent years，The continuous investigation and excavation of professional researchers through the archeological community，There are many important Xirong archeological relics being discovered，As a cemetery in the Malaysia Cemetery of Zhangjiachuan, Tianshui, Gansu、Qin'an Wangjiawa Cemetery、Shimizu Liu Ping Cemetery、Dunping Cemetery in Zhangxian County。

Zhang Yin once divided bet365 Play online games the archeological culture of the East Zhou Dynasty into five types，That is "Yanglang Type", "Majiayu Type", "Maojiaping Group B type B", "Zhaotouhe type" and "Guanzhong type"。Where，The tomb shape of Yang Lang type relics is mainly a straight -line cave tomb，The burial items are mainly bronze in the north，The difference between the shape of the tomb and the funeral or the identity of the tomb owner、Level related。The type of Ma Jiayu is characterized by a stepped cave in the staircase tomb，There are luxurious vehicles due to burial、Exquisite clothing and human decorations are unique。The latest excavated in Zhangping Cemetery of Zhangping, Zhangxian County, Gansu Province in recent years，The cultural factors reflected in the tombs of the East Zhou Dynasty，Yang Lang Culture with the same period、There are many similarities such as Ma Jiayu culture，All reflect the special cultural nature of the Xirong ethnic group。

　Different social levels have been formed

Dangping Cemetery Tomb of Dongzhou Rongren Tomb is mainly based on the two categories of vertical holes and pits of the erection.。Poor pit tomb is divided into A、B。Type A tomb on the south side of the tomb is stored on the south side of the grave mouth.。The proportion of length and width of the grave pit is small，approximate square。Divided into large according to the difference between scale and burial utensils、Medium -sized。Type B Tombs on the south side of the tomb, there are no wide soil on the south side of the soil。Glee length and width gap ratio of grave pits is large，Delivery rectangle。Divided into large according to the difference between scale and burial utensils、Middle、Small; the Tomb of the Pochi Pocholes of the Poor Acupoint is from the Tomb of the Point Cave、Composition of partial room。The partial room is located under the north wall of the vertical acupoint，The bottom plane is irregular Bet365 app download oval。Generally, the bottom of the partial room and the bottom of the tomb，Some partial rooms are slightly higher than or slightly lower than the bottom of the tomb。Depending on the south wall of the tomb, there is a large area of ​​soil.、B。Type A is the earthen hole of the earthen pits on the south wall of the tomb on the south wall of the tomb.。The length and width ratio of the tomb pits is small，Shape is approximately rounded square。The tomb area is large，High level。Type B is the earthen pits of the earthen pits on the south wall of the tomb on the south wall of the tomb.。Tomb pits shaped rounded corner rectangles。The tomb area is relatively small，Low level。

The characteristics of the funeral and funeral type are mainly，Most tombs are buried in the inner layer of burial several layers of animals in the filling of the soil of the tomb，A few placed in the tomb。Most of the tombs are randomly placed at randomly，A small number of tombs on the individual layers of animals are intentionally placed; large high -end tombs are buried on the second floor of soil on the south side of the earthen hole in the earthen hole.，Medium -sized tombs are generally buried in the soil of the pits of the vertical acupoint or the filled soil of the tomb、Chefu and other wooden vehicle components and bones、Copper car and horse decoration to symbolize the burial with a vehicle，Low -level small tombs that are not buried without burial vehicles and copper car decorations。Another，Big、Medium -sized tomb except a burial car、Outside the horse decoration，The proportion of burial weapon spears in the filling soil is also high;、clothing、Car and Horse、Weapons and tools are mainly，The proportion of pottery is small，Mostly appear in late tombs。

　　With developed grassland culture

Inland areas in the northwest of my country are the main regions of the salt industry，Located in the central part of Gansu, Zhangxian salt output is extremely high。As an Bet365 lotto review important strategic material，Not only is it closely linked to human production and life，It is closely related to the breeding of livestock。"Historical Records of the Huns Biography" contains "Differential Lake in the Valley，own Jun Chang，Often people who gather together, Yu Rong，But Mo Nengyi "，"Moved with animal husbandry，More animals，Zhema、Cow、Sheep, etc.。Animal Husbandry is an extremely fragile economic model compared to agriculture，Affected by a variety of natural factors，It has great instability。and nomadic people live in water and grass，Animal Husbandry and Hunting is the main source of its economic development。Number of livestock raised by local Rongren，It even becomes an important sign that they use to measure personal wealth and social status。Zhang County has rich resources、Poor and lush grass、Natural ecological environment and unique geographical advantages of wild animals，It is also an important reason why many tribes of Rong Rong people settle here。

According to "Historical Records of the Huns": "Qin Mu Gong has to Yu，Xirong Eight Kingdoms served in Qin。There is a coward in the west of the dragon、畎 Rong、Di Yan's Rong，Qi、Liang、泾、Lacquer Northern Youyi Qu、Dali、Wu's、朐 之。and Jinbei Linhu、Troubled Royal Rong，Yanbei has Donghu、Shan Rong。"Xi Rong Babu，Rong people distributed west of Longshan as the Mianzhu、绲 Rong、獂 Rong。"Historical Records of the Huns Biography" is the justice "Including the Earth" contains: "Laodao Old City is 37 miles southeast of Xiangwu County, Weizhou，Ancient 獂 Rongyi also。Hanzhang Road，belonging to Tianshui County。"" Water Sutra Note · Weishui "also said:" Weishui and East Tongxian Dao County West，In the past, Qin Xiaogong Xie Rong's king。"" From this test，Hanyu Road should be in Longxi today、Between Bet365 lotto review Wushan。and then studied with Gu Jiegang，It also believes that Li Rong is around Longxi County and its surroundings today。Zhangxian County to Longxi、Dongtong Wushan，Xirong cultural relics in Dunping Cemetery are likely to have a close relationship with Jun Rong。Subsequent investigation through the surrounding areas，Found a number of cultural graveyards with the same cultural nature in Zhangxian，Explain that during the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, a large -scale Yurong Group Alliance was active.。

East and Eastern District of the West District of the Pangping Cemetery excavated to clean up the tombs from the late Warring States Period to the Qin period，Its funeral customs and tombs are obviously different from other tombs。You can see from the changes in the burial and funeral utensils of the tomb，Spring and Autumn Period to the mid -Warring States Period，This area has developed grassland culture。to the late Warring States Period，With the Qin people entering the west，Qin Culture、The penetration of the Central Plains Culture to this area，Make the local grassland culture gradually decline。"Historical Records · Qin Benji" record，The first year of Qin Xiaogong (361 BC)，Qin Guo "East Wide Shaanxi，The King of the West Cut Rong "。獂 Rong was destroyed，Qin people westward，Occupy this place。From this can be inferred，The impact and impact of the rule of the Qin people on their culture，Lottering in the local tombs and funeral customs tremendous changes。Qin culture brought by the Qin people，Integration with indigenous culture，formed the unique local cultural type。

The overall age of Dunping Cemetery was earlier than the Wangwa Cemetery of Qin'an and the Majiahuan Cemetery of Zhangjiachuan，Its excavation establishes the cultural evolution sequence of the Zhanghe River Basin and the Spring and Autumn and Warring States Periods in the bet365 Play online games surrounding areas。Major changes reflected in these cultural appearances，not only helps to explore the change of the regime at that time and its contact with the nomadic national culture in the Northwest region，and provide important clues for the source of the crowd of Xirong。

(This article is a graduate research funding project of Northwest Normal University "from Dangping Xirong Tomb, Discussion on the Eastern Zhou Dynasty Longshan area Rongren distributed regional characteristics")

(Author Unit: School of History and Culture, Northwest Normal University)