The history bonus bet365 Xirong ethnic group as recorded in historical books，The earliest can be traced back to the late Shang Dynasty to the Western Zhou Dynasty。The so-called "Xirong"，Generally refers to the Zhou Dynasty in the northwest region during the pre-Qin period、A general name for the ethnic minorities surrounding the Qin cultural distribution area。They often live in remote places，Habitual migration、Raising cattle and horses。"Han Feizi·Ten Guo" contains "Internal history Liao said, 'I heard that the king of Rong lived'"，Remote and far away，I haven’t heard the voice of China’…I will stay here all year round，The cow and horse are half dead”。The burial customs of early Rong people，Can be reflected from the tombs excavated by archaeologists。

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Since ancient times，Continuous conflicts between the Central Plains Dynasty and the Xirong ethnic group。As early as the period of King Mu bonus bet365 Western Zhou Dynasty, there was a "Western Expedition against the Dog Rong"，In the early Spring and Autumn Period, "army forces forced the Xia Dynasties"，During the period of Qin Xianggong, he “attacked the troops and came to Qi”。To Duke Mu of Qin，Began to conquer the Rong tribe west of Guanzhong again: once when Baili Xi, the official of Wutou, prime minister of Qin Dynasty, "eight Rong came to conquer"，Another time is "Using Yu Yu to defeat the King of Rong... Benefiting the Country Twelve，Open up a thousand miles，Sui dominates Xirong”。After Duke Mu，Qin people attacked Mianzhu、Mie Zhai、Zhan Yiqu、Zheng Dali、Bingwuzhi。Until the early Warring States Period，"There are no soldiers in China，The only one is Yu Yiqu”。Then，"The Empress Dowager Xuan deceived and killed King Yiqurong in Ganquan...so Qin had Longxi、Northland、Shangjun，Build the Great Wall to keep out barbarians”。To this point，The war between Qin and Xirong that lasted for hundreds of years，The end ended with Xirong being exterminated and incorporated into the territory of Qin。

There are many branches in Xirong，Based on current archaeological surveys and excavations，Currently in my country, it has been discovered that the remains bonus bet365 Xirong culture during the Eastern Zhou Dynasty are mainly distributed in central and southern Ningxia、Southeastern Gansu and northern Shaanxi。Its range is roughly from the north to the Great Wall of Qin，South to the north bank of Weihe River，The west reaches the Zhanghe River Basin, a tributary bonus bet365 upper reaches bonus bet365 Weihe River，East over Ziwu Ridge，Distributed with Longshan as the center。can be divided into five relatively independent areas，i.e. central and southern Ningxia region、Tianshui area in eastern Gansu、Zhangxian area in central and southern Gansu、Qingyang area in eastern Gansu and Huangling area in northern Shaanxi。

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1930s，Su Bingqi unearthed the "Shovel-footed Ge" in 4 Warring States tombs in Baoji Fighting Terrace，Since then, the research on Qin Rong culture has begun。80s，Zhao Huacheng distinguished for the first time the two types of cultural relics unearthed from the Maojiaping site he presided over as "Qin cultural relics from the Western Zhou Dynasty (Group A relics)" and "Group B relics characterized by reddish brown pottery with sand ( Xirong cultural relics)"。Late 1980s，Many distribution sites bonus bet365 Northern Bronze Culture have been discovered in southern Ningxia and eastern Gansu，Scholars call it "Yang Lang type"，And pointed out through follow-up research，Such relics should be left over from the activities bonus bet365 Xirong ethnic group in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty。In recent years，Through continuous investigation and excavation by professional researchers in the archaeological field，Many important archaeological remains of Xirong have been discovered，Such as Majiayuan Cemetery in Zhangjiachuan, Tianshui, Gansu、Qin'an Wangjiawa Cemetery、Qingshui Liuping Cemetery、Zhang County Dunping Cemetery, etc.。

Zhang Yin once divided the archaeological culture bonus bet365 Eastern Zhou Dynasty and Xirong into five types，That is, "Yanglang type", "Majiayuan type", "Maojiaping Group B type", "Zhaitouhe type" and "Guanzhong type"。Among them，The remaining tombs bonus bet365 Yanglang type are mainly linear cave tombs，The funerary objects are mainly northern bronzes，Differences in the shape bonus bet365 tomb and grave goods or the identity bonus bet365 tomb owner、Level related。The Majiayuan type is characterized by stepped tomb passages, shafts and partial caverns，Because he was buried with a luxurious vehicle、Exquisite clothing and body decorations are unique。The latest excavated Dunping Cemetery in Zhang County, Gansu Province in recent years，The cultural factors reflected in the tombs bonus bet365 Eastern Zhou Dynasty，With Yang Lang Culture bonus bet365 same period、Majiayuan culture has many similarities，all reflect the special cultural nature bonus bet365 Xirong ethnic group。

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The tombs bonus bet365 Rong people in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty in Dunping Cemetery are mainly divided into two categories: vertical hole earth pit tombs and vertical hole earth pit tombs with side chambers。Shaft pit tombs are divided into A、Type B。On the south side bonus bet365 A-type tomb, there is a wider two-story platform of raw soil with different depths from the tomb entrance。The plane aspect ratio bonus bet365 tomb pit is small，Approximately square。Divided into large according to size and differences in burial artifacts、Medium size。There is no wider two-story raw soil platform on the south side bonus bet365 B-type tomb。The gap between the length and width bonus bet365 tomb pit is large，Rectangle with rounded corners。Divided into large according to size and differences in burial artifacts、中、Small；A side-chamber tomb in a pit with a vertical pit leads to the passage from a vertical pit tomb、Part chamber composition。The side chamber is located under the north wall bonus bet365 vertical cave，The bottom plane is an irregular oval。Generally the bottom bonus bet365 side chamber is flush with the bottom bonus bet365 tomb passage，The bottom of some side chambers is slightly higher or slightly lower than the bottom bonus bet365 tomb passage。It is also divided into A according to whether there is a large second-story platform of raw soil under the south wall bonus bet365 tomb pit、Type B。Type A is a side chamber tomb in a vertical pit with a large two-story platform of raw soil under the south wall bonus bet365 pit。The length-to-width ratio bonus bet365 tomb is small，Approximately square shape with rounded corners。The tomb area is larger，Higher level。Type B is a side chamber tomb in a vertical pit without a large two-story platform of raw soil under the south wall bonus bet365 pit。The tomb is shaped into a rectangular shape with rounded corners。The tomb area is relatively small，Lower level。

The main characteristics of its customary burial style are，Most bonus bet365 tombs are layered with several layers of sacrifices in the filling bonus bet365 shaft tomb passage，A few are placed in the tomb。Sacrificial animals in most tombs are placed randomly and irregularly，The sacrificial animals at certain levels in a few tombs were intentionally placed；Large-scale high-end tombs are buried with complete horse-drawn carriages or ox-carts on the second-story platform of raw soil on the south side bonus bet365 shaft pit.，Medium-sized tombs are usually buried with disassembled wheels in shaft pits or in the filling of tomb passages、Wood car components and bones such as carts and carriages、Bronze chariot and horse ornaments to symbolize the presence of buried vehicles，Low-level small tombs do not include wooden components and copper car decorations of vehicles。Also，Big、Medium-sized tombs except funerary vehicles、Outside horse accessories，The proportion of buried weapons and spears in the vertical hole filling is also higher；Necklaces and funerary objects in the tomb、Clothes、Chariot and horse equipment、Mainly weapons and tools，The proportion of pottery is small，Mostly found in late tombs。

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The inland northwest region of my country is the main area for salt production，Zhang County, located in the central region of Gansu, has extremely high salt production。Salt is an important strategic material，Not only closely connected with people’s production and life，It is closely related to livestock breeding。"Historical Records·Biographies bonus bet365 Huns" records that "each of them lived scattered in the valleys，You have your own leader，There are more than a hundred people who gather together，But they can’t be the same”，“Transferred with livestock，There are so many animals，Zema、Cow、Sheep, etc.”。Animal husbandry is an extremely fragile economic model compared to agriculture，Affected by various natural factors，Has great instability。The nomadic people live in pursuit of water and grass，Herding and hunting are the main sources of its economic development。The number of livestock raised by local Rong people，It has even become an important symbol for them to measure personal wealth and social status。Zhang County is rich in resources、Lush vegetation、Natural ecological environment with numerous wild animals and unique geographical advantages，This is also an important reason why many Rong tribes settled here。

According to "Historical Records·Biography bonus bet365 Xiongnu": "Qin Mugong was succeeded by Yu，The eight kingdoms of Xirong surrendered to Qin。Therefore, there are Mianzhu to the west of Long、爎戎、Di Xianzhirong，岐、Liang、Jing、There is Yiqu in the north of lacquer、Dali、Ushi、析戎之戎。And there is Linhu in northern Shanxi、Loufan Zhirong，There is Donghu in Yanbei、Shan Rong。"The Eight Parts of Xirong，The Rong people distributed to the west of Longshan are Mianzhu、绲rong、炂戎。"Historical Records·Biographies bonus bet365 Xiongnu" quoted from "Kuo Di Zhi" records: "The old city of Xiandao is thirty-seven miles southeast of Xiangwu County, Weizhou，The ancient city of Xunrong。Han Zang Road，Belongs to Tianshui County。" "Shui Jing Zhu·Weishui" also says: "Weishui flows east to the west bonus bet365 old city of Zangdao County，In the past, Duke Xiao bonus bet365 Qin Dynasty killed King Zhan of Rong in the west。”This is verified，Han Dao should be in today’s Longxi、Between Wushan。Then studied by Gu Jiegang，It is also believed that the Xunrong were in and around Longxi County, Gansu Province。Zhang County borders Longxi to the north、Dongtong Wushan，The Xirong cultural relics in Dunping Cemetery are likely to be closely related to the Xunrong。Follow-up through continuous investigation of surrounding areas，Many cemeteries with the same cultural nature were discovered in Zhangxian County，Indicates that a large-scale Xunrong group alliance was active here during the Eastern Zhou Dynasty。

Excavations bonus bet365 eastern and eastern areas of Dunping Cemetery revealed tombs from the late Warring States Period to the Qin Dynasty，The burial customs and tomb shapes are obviously different from other tombs。It can be seen from the changes bonus bet365 burial objects bonus bet365 tombs，Late Spring and Autumn Period to mid-Warring States Period，This area has a developed grassland culture。To the late Warring States Period，Following the Qin people's westward advance，Qin Culture、The penetration of Central Plains culture into this area，Due to the gradual decline of local grassland culture。According to "Historical Records·Qin Benji"，The first year of Qin Xiaogong (361 BC)，Qin “sent troops to the east to encircle Shaanxi”，The King of Zhan who beheaded the Rong bonus bet365 West"。Xunrong was destroyed，The Qin people marched westward，Occupy this place。It can be inferred from this，The influence and impact of Qin people’s rule on their culture，Resulting in huge changes in local tomb forms and burial customs。Qin culture brought by Qin people，Integration with indigenous culture，The formation of a unique local cultural type。

The overall age of Dunping Cemetery is earlier than Wangwa Cemetery in Qin'an and Majiayuan Cemetery in Zhangjiachuan，The excavation established the cultural evolution sequence bonus bet365 Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods in the Zhanghe River Basin and surrounding areas。The major changes reflected in these cultural features，Not only helps to explore the changes in political power at that time and its connection with the nomadic culture bonus bet365 northwest region，And it provides important clues for tracing the origin bonus bet365 Xirong people。

(This article is a phased result bonus bet365 Northwest Normal University postgraduate research project "Discussing the regional characteristics bonus bet365 distribution of Rong people in the Longshan area during the Eastern Zhou Dynasty from the Dunping Xirong tombs")

(Author’s unit: School of History and bonus bet365, Northwest Normal University)