In the pre -Qin literature，The word "custom" appeared very early，"Tube · Law": "The wrongdoing painting system，Easy customs。"Xunzi · Qiang Kingdom": "Entry，Observation of its customs。"" But，until the Han Dynasty，Only when people start to really pay attention to the exact connotation of "customs"，and have a clearer explanation。Ban Gu defines "customs" in "Hanshu · Geography": "Fanmin letter of five constant sex，and its rigidity and gentleness，Different sound，The atmosphere of the soil and water，So the wind is called;，"" Wind "，Lust of Lust with Jun，"" Wind "。"" Wind "，refers to different wind habits formed by different natural environments; "Vulgar"，Refers to different customs formed due to different social environment。Since Qin Shi，"Customs" is given a rich political connotation by the sons，Related to the rise and fall of the country。"Xunzi · Wangba": "It is a political order，Customs beauty。"Social customs issues have attracted widespread attention from the sons of the Han Dynasty，They are based on the economy、Culture、Changes in the political situation，I put forward my own "moving the customs and customs" thought，Use the benefit of the life。Social customs of the two Han Dynasty，After experiencing the "due to its popularity" by Huang Lao Dao's family in the early Western Han Dynasty，To the Confucian "Educational Education Easy Customs" in the middle of the Western Han Dynasty，The historical change of "Germany and French" in the middle and late Eastern Han Dynasty。

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"Huainanzi · Lan Ming Training": "In the late life，Seven Kingdoms Alien，Bet365 lotto review The vassal system，Divine customs。"Qin before unification，There is a huge difference between customs and culture and the six Kanto countries。After Qin is unified，Qin Shihuang attempts to use severe decree to "Kuang Xun Freshy"，Realize cultural unification，formed the social custom thought of "rule of law and customs"。Because Qin "everything depends on the law"，"The rule of law and customs" went to extreme，Customs and politics formed sharp opposition，Accelerated the death of the Qin Empire。

"Hanshu · Food and Goods": "Since the emperor cannot have alcohol，And a bull cart。"The rulers of the early Han Dynasty faced the broken socio -economic，To settle the pain of the war，and the wishes of the people who obey people's minds，You can only choose Huang Lao's inevitable thought as the idea of ​​governing the country。In view of the failure of Qin to forcibly "Kuang Xun's Freshman"，The sons of the early Han Dynasty were under Huang Laosi，Combining the disadvantages of the customs of the early Han Dynasty，Put forward the social custom thought of "because of its popularity"。Lu Jia "New Language · Daji": "When not against the sky，No material，Do not hide love，Do not hide its fraud。"" advocates that the rulers must follow the people's conditions、Folklore。"Huainanzi · Original Training": "The so -called inaction，Not the first thing;，What is done because of objects。The so -called non -governance，Not easy to naturally; the so -called non -governance，Simplication of the cause。"Of course，The final result of "Intelligence" is "Qi Qi"，Gao Lao Note "Qi Vulgar" said: "Qi，Yi Ye。Siyu Wind，World of the World，All of them，Order is also，Therefore, ‘qi’。"" is not a deliberate pursuit of customs，Instead of facing the existence of different customs in bet365 live casino games various regions，Due to the smoothness，Make it absorb each other、blend with each other，"All of them"，Natural Qi of the Customs。Sima Qian also advocated "because of its popularity"，"Vulgar Graduation for a long time，Although the household says the theory of 眇，Can't be turned into。The reason for the reason for the reason，Followed on the road，Next teachings，Next neat，The most subordinates compete with it "。

　"Education Education Easy Customs" under Confucianism

In the early Western Han Dynasty，In fact, it is a kind of customized thought。Many disadvantages in the early Han customs，Under this prosperous and stable "Governance of Wen Jing" gradually appeared，For example, the expansion of the local pride、Noble bureaucrats 僭、Fortune of the wealthy businessmen。At that time，The whole society is full of 僭 僭、Luxury、Wind of Blooding，"Due to the smoothness of its customs" obviously has the same requirements with the political culture of the rulers of the Han Dynasty.。Therefore，Confucianism and its "moving customs and customs" ideas have gradually embarked on the stage of history。

As early as the early Western Han Dynasty，Jia Yi saw many disadvantages of social customs at that time from his far -reaching political eyes，Think of customs is the fundamental to politics、The key to the rise and fall of the world。He repeatedly wrote a book，Hope that Emperor Wen can pay attention to the problems existing in social customs at that time，"New Book · Vulgar": "Husband moves the customs and customs，Make the world with your heart and go to the way "。Jia Yi proposed the implementation of "broad education in" New Book · Auxiliary "，Repair and music，Aesthetic customs "，Try to use etiquette and music education to regulate the direction of social custom development。Jia Yi can be said to be the advocate of the Confucian Confucianism "Education and Customs"Bet365 lotto review ，Its thought was inherited and developed by Dong Zhongshu。

Dong Zhongshu further enriched the idea of ​​"educational and customs"，Put forward the feasibility of "sexual three products" theory of theory of proof。He proposed to set up Taixue in Changan，Establish a preface to the local counties，To cultivate talents，Promoting ceremony music moral education、Improve customs。"Biography of Han Book · Dong Zhongshu": "Standing University teach in the country，Set the sequence to turn it to the eup，Gradual people with benevolence，Momo Yi Yi，Jiemin is gift。"Dong Zhongshu believes that the key to" educational and vulgarity "lies in the monarch，It advocates the implementation of the implementation method of "showing virtue to demonstrate the people"。He emphasizes ethical and moral education with the content of the "Five Discions" and "Three Outlines of the King"，To establish a good social ethical order，Create a beautiful social customs。Emperor Hanwu "stopped Baijia，Table "Six Classics" "，Dong Zhongshu's "Education Easy Customs" idea has become an important concept of governing the country in the Han Dynasty，It is very significant for the custom construction of the Han Dynasty and even the later generations。

Fourth year of the establishment (79 years)，Hanzhang Emperor held a meeting at Luoyang White Tiger View。After the meeting，Ban Gu compiles the materials of the conference into a book "White Tiger"，With the same similarities and similarities of the "Five Classics" with Laowei。"White Tiger Pass" marks the "codeization" and "national education" of Confucianism，Basically inheriting Dong Zhongshu's "moving the customs and easy customs" thought，But further thectiveization，Think that ritual and music is Fa Yin and Yang、，"Happy Elephant Sky，Rites and Fa Yin also "，"Le Xiangyang also，Rites and bet365 best casino games Fa Yin also "。On the basis of Dong Zhongshu's "Three Outlines and Flows"，The book proposes ethical and moral education with the content of "three outlines and six"，and use Yinyang Five Elements Affiliated Club。In "White Tiger Pass"，"Educational Easy Customs" has a strong theological color，Become the will of heaven，It has become an important reference for the "easy to move the customs" of the later generations。

　　"Germany and French" under Confucianism Theology

After the White Tiger View Conference，Confucianism is increasingly moving towards religion and theologicalization。"The Biography of the Han Book · Rulin List": "，and most of the flashy phases，The wind of the Confucianist is declining。"In the middle and late Eastern Han Dynasty，Frequently changes in political situation，Alternate rights of foreign relatives and eunuchs，Political extreme corruption，directly leads to corruption of social customs，Weight end lightbook、arrogant luxury、superstition and false wind permeated the entire society。Face such a severe social crisis，Qing negotiating trend of thoughts and emergence。Wang Fu、Yueyue、Cui Yan、Ying 劭、Zhong Changtong et al.，Requires "Visarity and Customs", "Debate Customs"，Forms a distinctive custom critical trend of customs in the middle and late Eastern Han Dynasty。

The severe social crisis has caused important changes in the thoughts of the "moving customs and customs"，Confucianism has always emphasized "ritual and music education" and "moral education" thoughts are no longer practical，and Wang Fu and others realized that the life of the customs of customs，"Moving the Wind" only by "ritual and music" and "moral education" is not enough，It must be punished with the help of laws and regulations to "cure the customs of decline"。"The Biography of the Han Book · Cui Yan": "，Medicinestone bet365 best casino games of the Ranzhi; Germans，Xingping's beam meat also。​​"Wang Fu and others, although emphasizing the important role of punishment for the remediation of customs，But still advocates virtue and use、Xiande and then punishment、German Lord and torture，to ensure the beauty of social customs。

In short，From the perspective of the sons of the Han Dynasty，The World of the two men，Social customs are increasingly declining，Wind of corruption、Luxury Wind、The wind of superstition、Wind to the end、Wind of burial、The hypocritical style prevails in the world。Therefore，They attach great importance to social customs，Forms a "transposition of customs and customs" ideological system，Thinking of the "Education Education and Customs" thought in the middle of the Western Han Dynasty in the early Western Han Dynasty，Then to the "Germany and French" thoughts in the middle and late Eastern Han Dynasty，Deeply exposed and criticized all kinds of contempt at that time，and provide the ruler with a more practical and feasible change of customs、Methods for steady rule。but，Generally speaking，The effect is very small。The sons often hope that the highest rulers -the emperor practiced their "moving style and customs" thought，Base of the Earth Pacific，and the emperor is exactly the originator of these contempt and inferiority。"Hou Han Book · Emperor Ji": "(Emperor) takes up the sale of the Inner Hou、Tiger、Yulin、Ti Camp、Five Doctor's money is different。"" Hou Han Book · Emperor Lingji ":" (Ling Emperor) The first opening of the West Mansion，From Guan Neihou、Tiger、Yulin，Each of the money is different。Private order to sell Gong Qing left and right，Public 10 million，Qing 5 million。"This is also the fundamental reason why the sons of the Han Dynasty failed to achieve Bet365 app download such rich and profound" moving customs and customs "in the field of social practice。

(This article is the key project of Shandong Normal University -level reform project "Qilu Cultural General Education Course Construction" (2019xd18)、The State Social Science Foundation Project "Research on the Mainization of the Son of the State 'and Qilu Culture of the Han Dynasty" (17CZS008) phased achievement)

(Author Unit: Qilu Cultural Research Institute of Shandong Normal University、College of History and Culture)