In the classical era，Sparta has replaced Athens to become the sea overlord of the Greek world，But its maritime advantage is not long。Sparta lacks material resources to develop navy、Human Resources，During the Beroboonnie War, I received Persian financial support，Hit the problem of material resources，Save human resources cost through Black Raushi，Create a fleet that can compete with the Athens Navy，and defeat Athens to win。But，Sparta pursuing the "path dependency" of priority development of re -installed infantry，Make it unable to evolve a marine strategy that has long maintained its naval hegemony。

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Sparta has a stubborn persistence on its system of heavy infantry，This kind of persistence is strengthened by the fear of the citizen elite of Sstins Bada。They are worried，If in order to follow the navy -led strategy, an radical institutional change，It will cause fundamental damage to its deep -rooted power structure。

Spartan is known for its national system and powerful military forces for the whole people.，It can be seen from its military development strategy and national development strategy，Its military foundation has always been a heavy infantry and cavalry in Greece。With the development of the situation，Sparta has adjusted the strategic development direction to a certain extent，It has also been interested in developing naval power，and become the sea overlord of the Greek world at bet365 live casino games a specific stage。but，Spartan's foundation is the army，Therefore, its strategic development direction has formed a certain "path dependency"，The road to its navy development is not smooth，It also made Sparta fail to achieve the final victory in the war of the city -state hegemony。

From geographical perspective，Sparta does not have the advantages of the development of the navy。On the one hand，Its political center is 25 miles away from the coastline and the nearest port; on the other hand,，Lack of excellent ports that can be a naval base。Sparda Dalai Royal Reinforcement Infantry，Basically from the wealthy land owner。Sparta through war，Conquer the Meisianian，Turn it into a state -owned slave "Black Labor"。In order to suppress the "Black Labor" resistance，Sparta has formed a standing army similar to professional soldiers。Compared to the amateur militians in other city -states in Greece，This advantage of Sparta does not need to say。Since it is not easy to be threatened from sea，And his own army occupies an overwhelming advantage，So the willingness to develop the navy in Sparta is not so strong。

　Spartan Navy's disadvantages are all showing

　Hippo War period，Sparta with strong army strength，Become the Army Commander of the Greek World。To unite Sparta，Athenians who have about 200 warships also give up the position of the Navy commander。479 BC，The Greek Allied Forces under the leadership of the Spartan general Lotekids，Makaley in Mika in Little Asia defeated the Persian army。After the Battle of Mikale，Sparta's attitude towards war is becoming more negative，Gradually withdraw from war。Reasons for the reason，On the one hand，Persia's threat to Sparta has been basically lifted; on the other hand,，The follow -up war is basically naval battle，while Sparta does not have the corresponding navy power。Sparta not only withdrew from war，And under the confusion of politicians Herte Maridas，Passed a decree to abandon the ocean。This has led to the stagnation of the development of Sparta in Sparta。

"Karias Wallet" after the signing，Athens, which was strong in the war, was able to turn his eyes into the Greek local affairs。In the Hippo War，Spartan people who have seen their own military forces see the bottleneck brought by the imbalance of their military forces，I have seen the role of the Navy's vigorous development of the navy's combat effectiveness and national strength。They sensitively foresee，There will be fierce competition between Athens and Sparta，and the insufficient power of sea power will have a negative impact on the overall strategy of Sparta。So，They call on Sparta to develop navy。

Although Sparta recognizes the necessity of developing the navy，But in the long -term strategic development process, the "path dependence" of the army has made it not enough to pay attention to the navy。Sparta does not want to pay a huge price for the construction of the navy，Instead, the allies that rely on the naval foundation in Berobaronnene Alliance to further develop the navy，so as to form a complementary advantage with the powerful army of Sparta。Policies at both ends of the mouse，It is quickly proved by the cruel reality that it does not work。In the first phase of the Berlonnenian War in 431 BC，Sparta and its allies' fragile navy forces were hit by strong Athens Navy everywhere，bet365 best casino games As a result, the Berlonnenia alliance led by Sparta。After the signing of "Nica Asia"，Sparta still has no strong development of the navy，The reason is from two aspects: first，Sparta's trust in its own army power and "path dependence" are deeply rooted; second，This peacekeeper is banned from developing the navy。

　Ocean hegemony in a flash

Sparta really vigorously develop the navy opportunity，It is the failure of Sicily, the Athens Labor Expedition in the Athens Labor in 415 BC。The Athens fleet took two years in this expedition but ended with failure，On the one hand, the Athens Navy has been severely damaged; on the other hand, it also makes Sparta sufficient reason to develop the navy，The reason is that Athens took the initiative to destroy and provoke the war end。From 413 BC，Sparta began to vigorously build a naval ship with the Allies，and recruit paddlers on heavy money。By 412 BC，Sparta already owns more than 50 warships，The number of Athens fleets after being severely damaged is basically the same。but，Because the Sibad Navy has not been established for a long time，Its combat effectiveness is still far from the Athens Navy。Athens relied on a strong technical foundation，It also quickly rebuilt the navy，The warship soon returned to about 150 ships。The Spartan Navy fought a beautiful victory in Corinth Bay in 413 BC，Without relying on the power of the Allies, I defeated the Athens Navy，But this victory failed to last，Later, in several battles in the Sea of ​​Serees in 411 BC and 410 BC, they were defeated by the Athens Navy。

The real rise of the Spartan Navy，After the general Laishande served as the Navy commander bet365 live casino games in 407 BC。He knows，Persia，I have been looking for opportunities，Re -involve international affairs in the East Mediterranean region。So，Laishande uses a lot of money provided by Persia，Vigorously Develop the Navy，The warship he personally coaches reaches 90 ships。According to Sparta Law，Navy commander can only one year，Do not repeat it。So，Laishande stepped down in 406 BC，The Spartan Navy also defeated in the Battle of the Aquisee that year。but but，Athens but self -broken brachial stock，The Citizen Conference did not fulfill the crime of rescue the soldiers in Aquisez during the naval battle，Destiny 6 generals。Sparta Break the practice，Tired again Laishande as the Navy commander。The Spartan Navy reached its heyday，With more than 200 warships，In the battle of Yanghekou in 405 BC, completely destroyed the Athens Navy。The following year，Athens was forced to sign the peace with Sparta，Accept the leadership of Sparta，Navy only retains 12 warships。From this，Sparta finally established the status of maritime overlords in the Greek world。This period，Military forces of the East China Sea Worlds and other countries are weakened in long -term war。So，Sparta actually became the sea overlord at the East and Mediterranean World at that time。

In the following decades，Sparta with a strong comprehensive advantage of the sea army，捭 捭 捭 捭，Even with their Golden Lord Persia, I have evil，This has led to a serious frustration of the Siba Navy's development later。Although Sparta later rebuilt the old good with Persia，But it's too late，Because the enemy Athens has rebuilt the navy through the financial bet365 live casino games support of Persia while Siba and Persia have become evil.。Sparta's "path dependence" on the army once again played a negative role，On the one hand, it has not fully attached great importance to the re -rise of the Athens Navy; on the other hand, the focus of the national development strategy has also been transferred to the revitalization of the army.，Use the Army's advantages to interfere with the Greek local affairs。This caused the maritime advantage that Sparda managed to establish after the end of the Berlos Penniti war quickly reduced until it disappeared，and the whole body leads to the whole body that causes the Spartan Army to lose its advantage。371 BC，Sparta was defeated by the reappeared Dabis，and surrendered the control of Mesatonia。The state -owned slave "Black Labor" in the United States is one of the foundations established by the Spartan military empire，After losing Missenia，Sparta no longer unable to rebuild hegemony，Finally reduced to a common city -state in Greece。

Sparta as one of the most powerful city states in the ancient Greek world，History of its naval development shows that a country with the geographical location of the land and sea cannot only pay attention to the army and abandon the contention of the sea power，Must pay attention to the strategic development of the Navy。Spartan's relatively indifference to the growth of the Athens marine power，The formation of the layout of the territory of Athens and Sparta，Finally triggered the Berlonnenia War。For any of them，Want to win the Beroboonia War and even finally end the war，You must achieve the victory of naval and land war at the same time。

(Author Unit: History bet365 live casino games and Culture College of Hangshan Teachers College)