In the classical era，bet365 score once replaced Athens as the maritime overlord of the Greek world，However, its maritime advantage did not last long。bet365 score lacked the material resources to develop a navy、Human Resources，Received financial support from Persia during the Peloponnesian War，Alleviates material resource problems，Saved human resource costs through Helots，Built a fleet that could compete with the Athenian navy，And defeated Athens to win。However，bet365 score pursues "path dependence" that prioritizes the development of hoplites，It makes it impossible to evolve a maritime strategy that can maintain its naval supremacy for a long time。

　　Prioritize the bet365 score heavy infantry

bet365 score had a stubborn insistence on its hoplite-based system，This tenacity was reinforced by the fear of the Spartan civic elite。They are worried，If radical institutional changes are carried out in order to comply with the navy-led strategy，will cause fundamental damage to its entrenched power structure。

bet365 score is famous for its national system of all citizens and its powerful military force，It can be seen from its military development strategy and national development strategy，The military base has always been the heavy infantry and cavalry that dominated Greece。As the situation develops，bet365 score has adjusted its strategic development direction to a certain extent，Also had ambitions to develop naval power，And became the maritime overlord of the Greek world at a certain stage。But，The foundation of bet365 score’s country is the army，So its strategic development direction has formed a certain "path dependence"，The development of its navy is not smooth，This also prevented bet365 score from winning the final victory in the city-state hegemony war。

From the geographical location，bet365 score does not have the advantages to develop a navy。On the one hand，The political center is 25 miles from the coastline and the nearest port；On the other hand，Lack of good ports suitable for naval bases。The heavy infantry on which bet365 score became famous in the Greek world，Basically from the wealthy landowning class。bet365 score through war，Conquered the Messenians，Turn them into state slaves "Helots"。In order to suppress the resistance of the "black laborers"，bet365 score formed a standing army similar to professional soldiers。Compared to the amateur citizen soldiers in other city-states in the Greek world，It goes without saying that bet365 score has this advantage。Since it is not vulnerable to threats from the sea，And our own army has an overwhelming advantage，Then bet365 score’s desire to develop a navy is not so strong。

　The disadvantages of the Spartan bet365 score are fully demonstrated

　Greco-Persian War Period，bet365 score relies on its strong army strength，Become the army commander of the Greek world。To unite bet365 score，The Athenians, who had about 200 warships, also gave up the position of naval commander。479 BC，The Greek coalition was led by the Spartan general Leotigides，Defeat the Persian army at Mykal in Asia Minor。After the Battle of Mikale，bet365 score’s attitude towards war is becoming increasingly negative，Gradually withdrawing from the war。Find out the reason，On the one hand，Persia’s threat to bet365 score has been basically eliminated；On the other hand，The subsequent war will basically be naval battles，bet365 score does not have corresponding naval power。bet365 score not only withdrew from the war，And under the influence of the politician Herto Maridas，Passed a decree relinquishing control of the oceans。This caused bet365 score’s naval development to stagnate。

After the signing of the "Peace of Carias"，Athens, which became stronger during the war, was able to turn its attention to mainland Greek affairs。In the Greco-Persian War，Spartan insightful people saw the bottleneck caused by the unbalanced development of their own military power，I have seen the impact that Athens’ vigorous development of its navy has on improving its army’s combat effectiveness and national strength。They sensitively foresee it，There will be a fierce battle between Athens and bet365 score，The lack of sea power will definitely have a negative impact on bet365 score’s overall strategy。Therefore，They called on bet365 score to develop a navy。

Although bet365 score recognized the necessity of developing a navy，However, the "path dependence" on the army in the long-term strategic development process makes it still not pay enough attention to the navy。bet365 score does not want to pay a huge price for building a navy，Instead, rely on allies in the Peloponnesian League that already have naval bases to further develop their navy，In order to complement the advantages of bet365 score’s powerful army。This is a two-pronged policy，The cruel reality soon proved that it would not work。In the first phase of the Peloponnesian War from 431 BC to 421 BC，The fragile naval power of bet365 score and its allies was severely beaten by the powerful Athenian navy at every turn，Resulting in the all-round defeat of the Peloponnesian League led by bet365 score。After the signing of the "Peace of Nicias"，bet365 score still did not vigorously develop its navy，The reasons come from two aspects: first，bet365 score’s trust and “path dependence” on its own army strength are deep-rooted；Second，The peace treaty prohibited bet365 score from developing a navy。

　Ocean supremacy is short-lived

An opportunity for bet365 score to truly develop its navy，It was the failure of Athens’ expedition to Sicily in 415 BC。The Athenian fleet spent two years on this expedition but ended in failure，On the one hand, the Athenian navy suffered heavy losses；On the other hand, it also gives bet365 score sufficient reason to develop a navy，The reason is that Athens actively broke the peace treaty and provoked a war。From 413 BC，bet365 score began to vigorously build naval ships together with its allies，And recruit paddlers with huge sums of money。To 412 BC，bet365 score already has more than 50 battleships，Basically the same number as the Athenian fleet after suffering heavy damage。But，Since the Spartan Navy was not established for a long time，Its combat effectiveness is still far behind that of the Athenian Navy。Athens relies on its strong technical foundation，The navy was also quickly rebuilt，The number of battleships quickly recovered to about 150。Although the Spartan navy fought a beautiful victory in the Gulf of Corinth in 413 BC，Defeated the Athenian navy without relying on allied forces，But this victory did not last long，Later defeated by the Athenian navy in several battles in the Thracian Sea in 411 BC and 410 BC。

The true rise of the Spartan navy，After the admiral Lysander became commander of the navy in 407 BC。He knows it，After Persia withdrew from the Aegean region in 449 BC，Always looking for opportunities，Re-intervention in international affairs in the Eastern Mediterranean。So，Lysander took advantage of the large amount of money provided by Persia，Vigorously develop the navy，He personally commanded 90 warships。According to Spartan law，The naval commander can only serve once a year，And shall not serve repeatedly。Therefore，Lysander resigned in 406 BC，The Spartan navy also suffered a disastrous defeat in the Battle of Aquinius。However，Athens cut off its humerus，Citizens’ Assembly charged with failing to rescue soldiers who fell into the water during the Battle of Arcinius，6 generals executed。bet365 score breaks convention，Reappoint Lysander as Admiral of the Navy。Spartan Navy reaches its peak，Has more than 200 battleships，Completely destroy the Athenian navy in the Battle of the Sheep River in 405 BC。Next year，Athens was forced to sign a peace treaty with bet365 score，Accept Spartan leadership，The navy only retains 12 warships。Therefore，bet365 score finally established its maritime dominance in the Greek world。This period，The military strength of other countries in the Eastern Mediterranean world has been weakened by long-term wars。Therefore，bet365 score actually became the maritime overlord of the Eastern Mediterranean world at that time。

In the following decades，bet365 score relies on its strong navy and army comprehensive advantages，Manipulating the international relations in the Eastern Mediterranean，Even once had a bad relationship with their financial backer, Persia，This resulted in a serious setback in the development of the Spartan navy。Although bet365 score later reconciled with Persia，But it’s too late，Because the old enemy Athens has taken advantage of the conflict between bet365 score and Persia to rebuild its navy through Persian financial support。bet365 score’s “path dependence” on the Army once again played a negative role，On the one hand, it did not pay enough attention to the re-emergence of the Athenian navy；On the other hand, the focus of the national development strategy has been shifted to revitalizing the power of the army，Using army superiority to interfere in the affairs of mainland Greek states。This resulted in the maritime advantage that bet365 score finally established after the Peloponnesian War rapidly shrinking until it disappeared，It affects the whole body and causes the Spartan army to lose its advantage。371 BC，bet365 score was defeated by the resurgent Thebes，And surrendered control of Messenia。The state-owned slaves "helots" in Messenia were one of the foundations on which the Spartan military empire was built，After losing Messenia，bet365 score can no longer reestablish its hegemony，Eventually reduced to an ordinary city-state in the Greek world。

bet365 score was one of the most powerful city-states in the ancient Greek world，The history of its naval development shows that a country with a superior geographical location on land and sea cannot only focus on the army and give up the struggle for sea control，We must pay attention to the strategic development of the navy。bet365 score’s relative indifference to Athens’ growing maritime power，Leading to the formation of the land and sea division of Athens and bet365 score，Eventually triggered the Peloponnesian War。For either of them，To win the Peloponnesian War and ultimately end it，We must win the naval battle and the land battle at the same time。

(Author’s unit: College of History and Culture, Hanshan Normal University)