Third -line construction refers to the grim international situation for the party and the country from 1964 to 1980，Guide to prepare war，A section implemented in 13 provinces and regions in my country is based on railway construction、Based on the energy raw material industry、National Defense Technology Industry is the core、A large -scale economic construction movement focusing on heavy industry，Construction of the "Little Three Line"。Third -line construction is to ensure national security、Improve the national industrial layout and promote the development of my country's inland areas，It has a profound impact。

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The major strategic decision -making of the third -line construction originated from the unreasonable situation of the needs of national defense preparations and hopes to change the national industrial layout as soon as possible，and absorb the experience lessons of the Soviet Patriotic War period。

Since modern times，my country ’s industrial production distribution is unreasonable for a long time，Most of them in coastal cities。After the founding of New China，The party and the country attach great importance to the reasonable layout of national industrial construction，Build an independent and complete as soon as possible、Industrial system that combines national defense and civilian functions。1956，Mao Zedong pointed out in "Top Ten Relations": "All light industry and heavy industry，About 70 % of them are on the coast，Only 30 % is in the Mainland。This is an unreasonable situation formed in history。The industrial base of the coast must make full use of，but，To balance the layout of industrial development，Mainland industry must be vigorously developed "，"Make the industrial layout gradually balance，and benefit from preparing for war "。

In the early 1960s，my country is facing an extremely severe international situation。Bet365 app download April 25, 1964，The Battle Department of the General Staff of the PLA pointed out: "my country's industry is too concentrated in big cities。Popular population in big cities，Most of them are in the coastal area，Easy to be attacked。"June 6，Mao Zedong proposed at the Central Working Conference: "We are not the chief of staff of the imperialism，I don’t know when it will fight ... the construction of the third -line industrial base，a、The second line also needs to be some military industry。All provinces must have military industry。"August 17、20th，Mao Zedong emphasized twice at the meeting of the Central Secretariat: "To prepare imperialism to launch an aggression war，The factory is now concentrated in big cities and coastal areas，Not conducive to preparation for war。All provinces must establish their own strategy behind。"August 19，Li Fuchun、Bo a wave、Luo Ruiqing jointly proposed the "Report on How the National Economic Construction Prepares the Sudden attack of the enemy" to the central government。September 5，The Central Secretariat meeting decided: "First of all, concentrate the strength of the three lines，In human resources、material resources、Give guarantee in financial resources。"At the end of October，The Central Working Conference approved the "Outline of the 1965 Plan (Draft)" proposed by the State Planning Commission。November 1965，The State Council approves the "Three -Five" Plan (draft)，Third -line construction fully kicked off the prelude。

　　Third -line construction process

Third -line construction in 1964 decision，Started implementation in 1965，End of 1980，Three five -year plans。At the end of 1983，The country begins to adjust the third -tier construction adjustment and reconstruction，Completed until 2006。

Third -line construction is divided into two stages。The first stage is 1964-1970，Investment of more than 56 billion yuan，accounting for 48.5%of total investment in the country in the same period。1964-1966 is the first climax of the third -tier construction，Focusing on the Southwest bet365 Play online games of the Great，According to incomplete statistics，In Southwest、More than 300 large and medium -sized projects were arranged in Northwest Third Line area。1969-1970 was the second climax，After the conflict of the Sino -Su Treasure Island in 1969，The international situation is more tense，West Yu、Hubei、The construction of the Central and South Third Line of the Central and South Line of Xiangxi is expanded quickly。Most projects of the construction of the third -line construction are put into production or generally completed during this period。

The second stage is 1971-1980。Investment 149.2 billion yuan，accounting for 36.4%of the total investment of basic construction in the same period。1973，The implementation of the "Four Three Plan" for the implementation of the National Family Planning Commission，Introduce 5 large -scale petrochemical fiber devices from Western countries、13 sets of large nitrogen fertilizer devices，Investment of 20 billion yuan Establish a Sichuan chemical plant、Luzhou Natural Gas Factory、Hubei Provincial Fertilizer Factory and other large -scale chemical enterprises。December 1978，The Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Party determined to transfer the focus of the party to the construction of socialist modernization。until the end of 1980，Basically end of the construction of the third line。

November 1983，The State Council decides to comprehensively adjust the three -line construction。At the end of the same year，Established the State Council's Third Line Construction Adjustment and Reconstruction Planning Office，State classification and adjust 1945 three -line large, medium -sized enterprises and institutions。until 2006，Third -line construction adjustment and reconstruction work basically end。

　　Achievements of the Third Line Construction

1964-1980，The country has invested 205.268 billion yuan in the third -tier region，Building 10 railway trunk lines，Construction of about 2,000 large and medium -sized enterprises、Scientific Research Institute and Infrastructure，More than 30 emerging industrial Bet365 lotto review cities，More than 500,000 technology talents brought together，Based on energy transportation、National Defense Technology Industry is the core、Heavy Industry is the focus、Strategic rear base of the raw material industry and processing industry.。

built a relatively complete strategic rear base，Enhanced national defense strength。 The state invested about 30 billion yuan in the third -tier region to develop the defense technology industry，About 15%of the total investment of the third -tier construction，Other industrial departments are mostly supporting construction and production services，Therefore, the back base of the defense technology industry strategy is quickly built，There are more than 800 enterprises and institutions in total、27 billion yuan fixed assets、1.35 million employees，Production capacity accounts for more than 50%of the total capacity of national defense technology industry。Third -line national defense technology industrial system is initially established，Forming conventional weapons、Ship diesel engine、Military Aircraft、communication navigation、Intercontinental missiles、Satellite launch、Strategic nuclear weapons、nuclear submarine and other 24 key R & D bases，Rujiuquan missile base、Xichang Aerospace Launch Base、Chongqing conventional weapon industrial base，West Yu、Hubei、Xiangxi Weapon Industry Base, etc.，significantly enhanced national defense strength，It also guarantees my country's national security and status of a great country。

Improving my country's industrial layout，Reduce the development gap between the east and west。Third -line construction is a strategic transfer of my country's industrial layout from the coast to the Mainland。The total output value of the industry along the coast and the Mainland，In the early days of the founding of New China, it was seven and three open，By 1978 is June 4th，The original value of industrial fixed assets in the Mainland reached 179.29 billion yuan，More than the coastal area。Construction of many major projects，Railway bet365 best casino games has Cheng Kun、Hunan Qian、Xiangyu、Jiao Zhi、Zhiliu、Qinghai -Tibet (Xining to Golmu section)、Yang'an Railway, etc.;、Gezhouba Water Conservancy Project、Qinling Fire Power Plant、Jianghan Oilfield、Henan Oilfield, etc.; manufacturing has Panzhihua、Jiuquan Iron and Steel Industrial Base, etc.; Machinery has Chongqing、Wanxian、Yichang、Yunnan Shipbuilding Industry Base and Shiyan Erqi。These major projects have enhanced the economic strength of the western region，Greatly reduced the gap with the eastern coastal areas。

Promote the development of cities in the Mainland，Promote the process of urbanization。Third line construction brings capital flow to the mainland、Technical Stream、Information flow、Talent flow, etc.，It has also promoted the development of a large number of cities in the Mainland，Rise of a group of emerging industrial cities，such as Panzhihua、Six Pans Water、Jinchang、Shiyan;，Ru Mianyang、Deyang、Zunyi、Kaili、Qu Jing、Baoji、Tianshui、Nanyang、Xiangfan、Yichang、Huaihua、Liuzhou, etc.; Promoted the development of a group of central cities，such as Chongqing、Chengdu、Guiyang、Kunming、Lanzhou、Xi'an、Yinchuan、Taiyuan, etc.。

Promoting the development of minority areas in the Mainland，Enhanced national integration。The Southwest region of the key layout of the third -line construction includes Wuling Mountains、Qinba Mountain District、Wu Mengshan District、Liangshan District and other ethnic minorities gathering areas，Once all the poverty -stricken areas that are concentrated in my country。The construction of the third line promotes the rapid development of the economy and society in these regions，West Sichuan Panzhihua、Xiangxi Huaihua is "the city pulled out of the train"，The rise of these industrial cities has strengthened the unity of all ethnic groups，Promoting common prosperity，It also further casts the consciousness of the Chinese nation community。

Third -line construction is a special strategy adopted by my country in a special period，For the later reform and opening Bet365 lotto review up、The western development and socialist comprehensive modernization has laid a solid foundation。

　Research significance of the construction of the third line

helps us understand the truth of history，Acknowledge the situation at home and abroad at the time and their choices，Avoid judging the choice at that time from the current position。It helps to fully understand the necessity and urgency of the major strategic decision -making adopted by the party and the country to face the severe international situation at that time，Clarify the importance of establishing a complete national defense industrial system and strategic rear base in the central and western regions of my country。

Help us discuss how to promote the national regional balance strategy，Make full use of the third -tier construction inheritance。Experience in the construction of the third line is important for us to think about how to strengthen the balanced development of various regions。A large number of three -line construction heritage left in the central and western regions of my country，Strategy such as the combination of rural revitalization and the protection and utilization of industrial heritage of old industrial urban industrial，Give full play to the value and economic value of its era，For the high -quality development of the central and western regions。

Help us inherit and promote "hard work、Monopoly Dedication、Unity and collaboration、The "Three Line Spirit"。Millions of three -tier builders actively respond to the era call of the country's "preparation for war for the people" and "good people, good immediately three lines"，"She Xiaojia for everyone"，Build a third line in the region of the Midwest and Western Region，"Dedication of youth and dedication for life" "Dedicated for life"，Use their youth、Blood and Wisdom defended national security，Promoting the various aspects of economic and social development in the central and western regions。In -depth excavation of the connotation and characteristics of the "three -line spirit"，will provide a series of new bet365 live casino games fresh content and characteristics of the times for the "Four History" education。

(This article is the research on the history of the three -line construction planning and construction history of the Ministry of Education's Humanities and Social Science Fund Project of the Ministry of Education in 2020: Taking Western Hubei as an example "(20yjczh192) phased achievement)

(Author Unit: Marxism College of Three Gorges University)