The third-line bet365 mobile refers to the party and the country’s response to the severe international situation from 1964 to 1980，Taking war preparation as the guiding ideology，A project implemented in 13 inland provinces and autonomous regions in my country, with railway bet365 mobile as the forerunner、Based on energy raw materials industry、National defense science and technology industry as the core、An unprecedented scale economic bet365 mobile movement focusing on heavy industry，At the same time, the "small third line" is being built in the hinterland of 28 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities across the country。The third-line bet365 mobile is important for ensuring national security、Improving the national industrial layout and promoting the development of my country’s inland areas，has had a profound impact。

　　The origin of third-line bet365 mobile

The major strategic decision of the third-line bet365 mobile originated from the need for national defense preparations and the unreasonable situation of hoping to change the national industrial layout as soon as possible，And learned the lessons learned from the Soviet Union’s Patriotic War。

Since modern times，The layout of my country’s industrial production has long been unreasonable，Mostly in coastal cities。After the founding of New China，The party and the country attach great importance to the rational layout of national industrial bet365 mobile，To build an independent and complete one as soon as possible、An industrial system with both national defense and civilian functions and a moderate combination。1956，Mao Zedong pointed out in "On Ten Major Relations": "All light and heavy industries in our country，About 70% of them are along the coast，Only 30% are in the Mainland。This is an unreasonable situation formed in history。Coastal industrial bases must be fully utilized，But，In order to balance the layout of industrial development，Mainland industry must develop vigorously”，"Gradually balance the industrial layout，And it is conducive to preparation for war”。

Early 1960s，Our country is facing an extremely severe international situation。April 25, 1964，The Operations Department of the People's Liberation Army General Staff Headquarters pointed out: "Our country's industry is too concentrated in big cities。Big cities have large populations，Most of them are in coastal areas，Vulnerable to air strikes。”June 6，Mao Zedong proposed at the Central Working Conference: "We are not the chief of staff of imperialism，I don’t know when it will go to war...it needs to build a third-tier industrial base，一、The second line should also develop some military industry。Every province must have military industry。”August 17th、20th，Mao Zedong emphasized twice at the Secretariat meeting of the Central Committee: "We must prepare for the possibility of imperialism launching a war of aggression，Now factories are concentrated in big cities and coastal areas，Not conducive to preparation for war。Each province must establish its own strategic rear area。”August 19，Li Fuchun、Bo Yibo、Luo Ruiqing jointly submitted a "Report on How to Prevent Enemy Sudden Attacks in National Economic bet365 mobile" to the Central Committee。September 5，The Central Secretariat meeting decided: “First concentrate on building the third front，In Human Resources、Material resources、Financial guarantee。”End of October，The Central Working Conference approved the "1965 Plan Outline (Draft)" proposed by the State Planning Commission。November 1965，The State Council approved the “Third Five-Year Plan” (draft)，The third-line bet365 mobile has begun in an all-round way。

　　The process of third-line bet365 mobile

The third-line bet365 mobile was decided in 1964，Effective since 1965，End of 1980，Across three five-year plans。End of 1983，The country begins adjustment and transformation of third-line bet365 mobile，To be completed in 2006。

The third-line bet365 mobile is divided into two stages。The first stage is 1964-1970，Investment of more than 56 billion yuan，Accounting for 48% of the total national capital bet365 mobile investment during the same period.5%。1964-1966 was the first climax of the third-line bet365 mobile，Focus on the Southwest，According to incomplete statistics，In the Southwest、More than 300 large and medium-sized projects have been arranged in the third-tier northwest region。1969-1970 is the second climax，After the Sino-Soviet Zhenbao Island conflict in 1969，The international situation becomes more tense，To the west of Henan、Western Hubei、The bet365 mobile of the third line of Central and South China, focusing on western Hunan, is rapidly underway。Most of the third-tier bet365 mobile projects were put into operation or generally completed during this period。

The second stage is 1971-1980。Investment 149.2 billion yuan，Accounting for 36% of the total national capital bet365 mobile investment during the same period.4%。1973，The State Planning Commission implements the “Four Three Plans”，Introduced 5 sets of large-scale petrochemical fiber equipment from Western countries、13 sets of large nitrogen fertilizer devices，Invest 20 billion yuan to establish Sichuan chemical plant in third-tier areas、Luzhou Natural Gas Chemical Plant、Hubei Fertilizer Factory and other large chemical enterprises。December 1978，The Third Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China decided to shift the focus of the entire party’s work to socialist modernization。By the end of 1980，The third-line bet365 mobile is basically completed。

November 1983，The State Council decided to comprehensively adjust the third-line bet365 mobile。End of the same year，Establishment of the Third-line bet365 mobile Adjustment and Renovation Planning Office of the State Council，Start classifying and adjusting 1945 third-tier large and medium-sized enterprises and institutions。To 2006，The adjustment and transformation work of the third-line bet365 mobile is basically completed。

　　Achievements in third-line bet365 mobile

1964-1980，The country has invested a total of 2052 in third-tier areas.6.8 billion yuan，Built 10 main railway lines，Built about 2,000 large and medium-sized enterprises、Research institutes and infrastructure，More than 30 emerging bet365 mobile cities，Gathering more than 500,000 scientific and technological talents，Initially established based on energy transportation、National defense science and technology industry as the core、Heavy industry is the focus、A strategic rear base supporting the raw material industry and processing industry。

A relatively complete strategic rear base has been built，Enhanced national defense strength。 The state invests approximately 30 billion yuan in the third-tier areas to develop national defense science and technology industry，Accounting for more than 15% of the total investment in third-line bet365 mobile，Other industrial sectors mostly provide supporting bet365 mobile and production services，Thus quickly building a strategic rear base for national defense science and technology industry，There are more than 800 enterprises and institutions、More than 27 billion yuan in fixed assets、1.35 million employees，The production capacity accounts for more than 50% of the total capacity of the national defense science and technology industry。The third-tier national defense science and technology industrial system has been initially established，Conventional weapons formed、Marine diesel engine、Military aircraft、Communication Navigation、ICBM、Satellite launch、Strategic nuclear weapons、24 key R&D bases including nuclear submarines，Rujiuquan Missile Base、Xichang Space Launch Base、Chongqing Conventional Weapons Industrial Base，Western Henan、Western Hubei、Xiangxi Ordnance Industrial Base, etc.，Significantly enhanced national defense strength，It also ensures our country’s national security and great power status。

Improved my country’s industrial layout，Narrowing the development gap between the east and the west。The third-line bet365 mobile is a strategic shift of my country’s industrial layout from the coast to the inland。Total industrial output value of coastal and inland areas，In the early days of the founding of New China, it was 73% off，By 1978 it was June 4th Opening，The original value of mainland industrial fixed assets reached 1792.900 million yuan，Exceeding coastal areas。Constructed many major projects，The railway is successful、Hunan and Guizhou、Xiangyu、Jiao Zhi、Zhiliu、Qinghai-Tibet (section from Xining to Golmud)、Yang'an Railway, etc.；Energy has Liupanshui Coal Base、Gezhouba Water Conservancy Project、Qinling Thermal Power Plant、Jianghan Oilfield、Henan Oilfield, etc.；Manufacturing industry has Panzhihua、Jiuquan Iron and Steel Industrial Base, etc.；Machinery has Chongqing、Wan County、Yichang、Yunnan Shipbuilding Industry Base and Shiyan Second Automobile Co., Ltd.。These major projects have enhanced the economic strength of the western region，Greatly narrowed the gap with the eastern coastal areas。

Promote the development of mainland cities，Promote the process of urbanization。The third-line bet365 mobile brings capital flow to coastal areas to the mainland、Technical flow、Information flow、Talent flow, etc.，It also promoted the development of a large number of cities in the mainland，A number of emerging industrial cities have emerged，Ru Panzhihua、Liupanshui、Jinchang、Shiyan and others；A number of small and medium-sized industrial cities have emerged，Ru Mianyang、Deyang、Zunyi、Kaili、Qujing、Baoji、Tianshui、Nanyang、Xiangfan、Yichang、Huaihua、Liuzhou, etc.；Promoted the development of a number of central cities，such as Chongqing、Chengdu、Guiyang、Kunming、Lanzhou、Xi’an、Yinchuan、Taiyuan, etc.。

Promoted the development of ethnic minority areas in the mainland，Enhanced national integration。The southwest region where the third-line bet365 mobile is focused includes the Wuling Mountains、Qinba Mountain Area、Wumeng Mountain District、Districts and Liangshan Districts and other areas where ethnic minorities gather，It used to be a concentrated and contiguous poverty-stricken area in my country。The third-line bet365 mobile has promoted the rapid economic and social development of these areas，Panzhihua, Western Sichuan、Huaihua in western Hunan is a "city pulled out by trains"，The rise of these industrial cities has strengthened the unity of all ethnic groups，Promote common prosperity，It also further strengthened the consciousness of the Chinese nation’s community。

The third-line bet365 mobile is a special strategy adopted by our country in a special period，For the subsequent reform and opening up、The western development and comprehensive socialist modernization have laid a relatively solid foundation。

　Research significance of third-line bet365 mobile

Helps us understand the historical truth，Understand the current domestic and international situation and its choices，Avoid judging the choices made at that time from your current position。It helps to fully understand the necessity and urgency of the major strategic decision of the third-line bet365 mobile taken by the party and the country in the face of the severe international situation at that time，Clear the importance of establishing a complete defense industry system and strategic rear bases in the central and western regions of my country。

It helps us explore how to promote the national regional balance strategy，Making full use of the third-line bet365 mobile heritage。The experience and lessons of the third-line bet365 mobile are of great value to us in thinking about how to strengthen the balanced development of various regions。A large number of third-line bet365 mobile heritage left in the central and western regions of my country，It can be achieved by combining strategies such as rural revitalization and the protection and utilization of industrial heritage in old industrial cities，Give full play to its contemporary value and economic value，Making new contributions to the high-quality development of the central and western regions。

It helps us inherit and carry forward "hard work and entrepreneurship、Selfless dedication、Solidarity and collaboration、The "Third Line Spirit" of "Being Brave and Innovative"。Millions of third-line builders actively responded to the country’s call bet365 mobile times to “prepare for war and prepare for famine for the people” and “good people and good people will immediately join the third front”，“Sacrifice the small family for everyone”，Construct the third line in backward areas in the central and western regions，“I have dedicated my youth and my life” and “I have dedicated my life to my descendants”，Use their youth、Guarding national security with passion and wisdom，Promoted the multi-faceted economic and social development bet365 mobile central and western regions。Deeply dig into the connotation and characteristics bet365 mobile "Third Line Spirit"，It will provide a series of new fresh content and characteristics bet365 mobile times for the "Four Histories" education。

(This article is a phased result of the 2020 Ministry of Education Humanities and Social Sciences Youth Fund Project "Research on the History of Third-Line bet365 mobile Planning and bet365 mobile from a Multidimensional Perspective: Taking Western Hubei as an Example" (20YJCZH192)

(Author’s unit: School of Marxism, bet365 mobile Three Gorges University)