Before the introduction of modern matches，People generally use fire sickles to take fire，That is, hit the fire with a fire knife to lead to the flame。Since modern times，Match introduced to China，Gradually become the main ignition tool。The earliest records of the introduction of matching in China were seen in the Tianjin Customs Report in 1865，Modern Chinese match industry began in 1879 Qiaoming Match Factory founded by overseas Chinese businessman Wei Province in Foshan, Guangdong。

Until the outbreak of World War I，China Match Industry is generally showing a slow growth situation。During 35 years，Chinese Business Match Factory has successively opened 70，64 realized in 1913，The total capital is about 3.6 million yuan，There are only 5 foreign match factories，Total capital is far less than Chinese businessmen。I am，Domestic match mainly comes from imports，Japanese match occupies an absolute majority。

After the outbreak of the First World War，Japanese match focuses on the Southeast Asia and Nanyang Islands market after the Western powers withdraw from the withdrawal，A significant reduction in input to China。This market change provides a rare opportunity for the development of the Chinese business match plant，The accelerated Bet365 lotto review growth of China's match industry has continued until 1927，Chinese businessmen have opened a total of 113 matchmakers，Total capital increased by approximately 6.57 million yuan。Foreign factory aspect，Japan will speed up in China，From 1915 to 1926, 16 match factories。Although the total advantage of the Chinese business match plant is obvious，But most of them are small and medium -sized enterprises，The production method is mainly manual。

After 1928，China Match Industry has maintained a faster growth in the whole，But the industry situation is severe。1931，The National Government has increased the tariff rate of match more than 5 times，This has become an important reason for the re -growth climax of the ethnic match industry。From 1928 to 1937, 75 new startups，The total amount of capital increased by about 2.19 million yuan。But since 1933，China Match Industrial capacity is more and more prominent，and the national match market is limited，Lost Northeast Market，Seriously slow -selling products，There are only 65 Chinese business match factories still started in 1935。The narrow market in the market has caused increasing competition in the industry，Pour together，Cause disorderly competition。

Not only that，International Monopoly Organization -Swedish Macro Company enters the Chinese market from the periphery。The company occupies the market of Japan in Southeast Asia and the Nanyang Islands，Bet365 app download Gradually controlled Japan's match industry，In an attempt to annex Chinese business matching enterprises，After the unsuccessful, turn to control or acquire Japanese businessmen in China，Pour cheap match to China at the same time。1931 After the match tariffs increased，It turns its focus to the Match Factory of China，Reorganized Shanghai Original Japanese Shang Shengmu Factory is Micron Match Company。The company's technology is advanced，an average annual output of 30,000 boxes，30 % to 40 % of the annual output of Shanghai Fhai。Internal and external crisis forced the match industry to reorganize，Then there is merger and union。

The most typical merger case in the modern Chinese match industry is the formation of Greater China Match Company。Liu Hongsheng, the owner of the Hongsheng Match Factory, has repeatedly put forward the proposition of the merger of the industry，Plan from Yingchang、China、The three important companies of Hongsheng started。Facing the severe industry crisis，The three merged into Greater China Match Co., Ltd.。，The company has merged Hankou Yichang、5 match factories including Jiujiang Yusheng。The emergence of Greater China Match is the result of strong merging，This expansion model is rarely seen in other modern ethnic industries，Getting a better business effect。July 1931 to June 1932，Match in Greater China in Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Anhui accounted for bet365 Play online games 46.2%(other Chinese business matchmates accounted for 44.2%，Foreign factory accounts for 9.6%)，In 1934, its capital reached 3.65 million yuan。Greater China Match Company becomes the backbone of China's modern match industry。

other，Danhua Match Company consisting of Beijing Danfeng and Tianjin Huachang has developed 1.2 million yuan in capital in 1931，is the largest match company in North China，Scale is second only to Greater China。Others are small factories merged，Such as Huichuan, Guiyang in 1928、Xiechang Match Factory merged into Huichang Match Factory，None of the large match companies。

The merger behavior of Greater China Match Company is stable market price，Moving malignant competition plays a certain role。But，Greater China Match Company does not have absolute advantages。After 1934，The company is unable to merge again，and small factories are still increasing，Slightly stable market reproduction chaos，It is imperative to initiate the joint organization of the national match industry。

Before the National Union，Some of the more concentrated areas of matchmakers have a short -term regional joint organization。such as Huayang Unified Marketing Company in Sichuan (1905)、Qiyuantang (1908), etc.，Both are scattered with the death。The Chinese match industry in the 1930s urgently needs the emergence of joint organizations of national industries，Balanced production and sales，Resume order competition。Bet365 app download Liu Hongsheng as the operator of the largest enterprise in the industry，While promoting the conscious union of matching companies，On the one hand, relying on the government's support to promote the matching of the match industry。The two are actually different work。

April 1935，Liu Hongsheng promotes the National Match Federation of the National Match，convene Su、Zhejiang、Anhui、E、Chinese Merchants Match Factory，Consultation established a joint office of domestic matchmaking industry。July of the same year，The organization and the Swedish match "Mei Naito Group" (referred to as the abbreviation of Shanghai Meiguang Match Company and Zhenjiang Inland River)，Later in June 1936, the Hankou Match Cooperation Committee was established as its branch institution，Specializing in the sales of matches in the Hunan and Hubei areas。but but，"Joint Office" and the regional scope limited，Insufficient binding force。

Liu Hongsheng is still working hard to promote another wider and more effective joint organization。July 1935，The National Match Federation of the National Macroscopy and the Japanese Federation of Japan in China signed the "Match Contribution Agreement"，and officially established the National Ultimate Sales Association of China in March 1936。The organization is approved by the National Government Industry Department，According to the charter, this is "domestic matchmaking self -conspiracy relief，bet365 live casino games Administrative Organization of the National Match and Marketing Matters of the Country "。February 1937，"Association" Shanghai Branch and "Mei Nei Group" reached an agreement on the production and sales ratio of various factories in Huazhong District，Formed Sales Regulation Committee。So far，The combined formation of the Chinese match industry in modern times，The characteristics of the multi -organization of the organization and the protocol reflect the complex contradictions between the industry's internal Chinese business factories and between Chinese and foreign factories。

The merger and union of the Chinese match industry in modern times occur mainly in the 1930s。The cohesion of the merger and enhanced the power of the ethnic match industry，The internal and external union of the match industry is possible。The general formation of the joint situation，Limited production and sales，Profile price、Countering the implementation of small factories and other regulations，To a certain extent, it relieves the dilemma of excess capacity，Contains disorderly competition，The relevant limits of foreign factories have also reduced the pressure of national match，China Match Industry Overall Township is benign development。

(Author Unit: School of Social Development and Public Management of Suzhou University of Science and Technology)