The establishment of the Communist Party of China is an inevitable product of China's historical development after the Opium War，The inevitability of the historical development of modern China。Development and changes in modern China，is closely related to the development and changes of the modern world。Therefore，The birth of the Communist Party of China is the result of the horizontal development law of the world's history，The inevitability of the historical development of the world。

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The development process of world history，It is composed of two basic aspects of vertical development and horizontal development。Historical vertical development，It mainly refers to the continuous progress of human society from low to advanced，As if the social production method is constantly evolving、Social form is constantly changing。The horizontal development of history，refers to in the history of the world，Social units (such as nation、Countries) The social connection in the process of material production is increasingly expanded。Historical horizontal development is the product of the continuous progress of vertical development, that is, the continuous progress of productivity and production relations。The development of production has prompted the relationship between producers (and social units) and external to continue to strengthen in terms of breadth and depth，It means that human production maps are increasingly expanded，The range of activities of each social unit is separated from isolation and isolation，Development to contact with each other、connected into a piece，Finally formed one。

The horizontal development of history includes all ethnic groups、Dependencies and contacts in various aspects between countries、Communication and communication、imitation and learning、Impact and penetration、Conflict and confrontation，More personnel exchanges、Traffic ditch link、Expansion of aggression、Expansion of aggression，and bilateral、Direct horizontal movements such as multilateral or even worldwide war。This horizontal development has many results in the two or different parties in the contact。For example, a strong party impact or even annex the disadvantaged party，or disrupt the natural process of social development of the disadvantaged side; it may also arouse the fierce resistance of the disadvantaged side，Social update in resistance、Bathing Rebirth。History more developed，Social communication will become more widely、The more frequent，The stronger the connection between each other，Finally, the world develops into an inseparable overall。As Marx and Engels pointed out in "German Ideology": "The scope of activities of each interaction is increasingly expanded in this development process，The primitive retreat of the nation due to the increasingly complete production method、Division of the division of labor between the people that develops spontaneous and developed spontaneously, the elimination of the division of labor is becoming bet365 Play online games more and more thorough，History has become the world's history to a greater extent。"So，Theoretically speaking，Historical horizontal development is an objective law。

The horizontal development of history is also a basic fact。After the emergence of human civilization，Long -term at the farming social stage。Traditional agricultural economy is characterized by human and nature (soil、Rainwater、Climate、seasons, etc.) Turning more contact，is a relatively self -dependent economic method，Therefore, it does not expand out in nature，So all regions of the world、All ethnic groups have been in a state of occlusion for a long time。This situation is from 15、Gradually broken since the 16th century，Agricultural foundation change from the northwest of the Asian and Europe continent，The capitalist economy grows here quickly。Capitalism as a highly developed exchange economy，Expanding the market is its essential requirements，It must expand external，From this there is a Western country aggression against the non -Western world、The process of conquest，The whole world is gradually involved in the vortex of Western capitalism。At the same time，Western capitalist system and its inherent contradictions have spread to the world。The expansion of the West has stirred up the resistance of non -Western regions，China is also strongly shocked and impacted by this global change。This is the basic situation of world historical development when the Communist Party of China was born a century ago。

　Internationalization of Western contradictions and modern China

In the West of the West, the invasion of China，Economically output with goods、Capital output as the main，Politically control the Qing government、The scope of the power of melon。The aggression of the powers turned China into a semi -colonial and semi -feudal country，Change the nature of Chinese society，The Chinese people face the arduous task of anti -imperialist and anti -feudal feudal。

The industrial revolution starting in the 18th century has gradually made Western capitalism gradually have economic and technological advantages to the East。Machine production has improved efficiency，Products to double increase，On the one hand, Western capital needs to find more markets and raw materials; on the other hand, the product cost is lower，Compared with traditional handmade products, it has a more competitive advantage。Western capitalist commodity output，In fact, the surplus value created by Western workers is worthy of being achieved in the colony; Western plunder raw materials，Cheap the labor results of the colonial people，thereby reducing the cost of Western industrial products。This，The colonial people have actually become the creator of the surplus value captured by Western capital，Direct exploitation object of Westerners。In just ten years after the Opium War，British products poured into China in large quantities，The value of its product output to China increased from 5.6 million pounds around 1838 to 14 million pounds in 1855。The British are still searching for agricultural products in China，1843-1855，Get more than 5 times more tea from China，The raw wire of the plunder increased by 27 times。Western industrial export and agricultural plunder，It is achieved by invisible bet365 best casino games exploitation of the colonies through non -equivalent exchanges。

Late 19th Century，​​Capital output becomes an important form of economic aggression in Western countries。They use the cheap raw materials of the colonies、Cheap labor and vast market，Through the bank、Repair railway、Open Mine、Factory and other methods，Turn the colonial people into their employment workers。This has caused a new class of class contradictions，That is the contradiction between the western bourgeoisie and the local proletariat。In China，In 1894, companies directly operated by foreign capital，34,000 workers。Around 1911，Western powers to China ’s capital output reached orgasm，Foreign capital occupies 84.9%of the total tonnage of China's shipping ship，Directly operate and control 93%of the total length of China's railway、90%of the total number of coal mining nationwide。Capital output allows the West to control China's economic life pulse，Further exacerbate Western product output of Chinese goods and plunder of Chinese raw materials and agricultural products，also caused a direct contradiction between the Chinese proletariat and the Western bourgeoisie。

Because the Western system reflects strong advantages，Therefore。This makes the capitalist production method gradually internationalized，The inherent contradictions of capitalism are also transplanted to colonial and semi -colonial society。An independent semi -colonial country in modern China，Multiple social classes are out of various motivations，Once developed capitalist production: the feudal ruling class launched the Westernization Movement，Use Western Technology Opening Factory Mine，In order to maintain the shaking old rule of the old rule; private landlords are not satisfied with local rental revenue and invest in industrial and commercial enterprises; the employees serving the Western forces use foreign capital to support the development enterprise; private merchants transform wealth into industrial and commercial capital to obtain more profit。Chinese society has created a bureaucratic capital、The bourgeoisie composed of multi -class such as comprador capital and national capital，and a considerable number of workers converted into employment workers。

Internationalization of the Western Capitalist System，Make the western bourgeois exploration object extended from its country to the colony，The colonial people have actually become "workers" who have not hired workers' identity but create surplus value; the national contradictions between Western countries and colonies，To a greater extent, it is a class contradiction between the Western bourgeoisie and the people of the colonial people。The colonies also appeared in the contradiction between the proletariat and the bourgeoisie of the country。These contradictions constitute the social root of the proletarian leading the national democratic revolution。

　Internationalization of Socialist Movement and modern China

With Western capitalism expand to the world，Capitalist opposite as a western society，Socialist thought and socialist movement also launched an internationalization process spread to non -Western regions。

Marx's remaining value doctrine reveals the secrets of capitalists 'fortune and workers' exploitation，Make socialism from being bet365 live casino games able to become scientific，provided theoretical weapons for overthrowing the capitalist system，Therefore, it is soon accepted by the working class，Socialist movement flourish in Western Europe。Facing the increasingly rising proletarian revolution，Western European capitalism formed an international forces，The working class also quickly realizes the importance of unity against the enemy。Marx Engels pointed out: "Combined Action，At least the joint action of various civilized countries，It is one of the primary conditions for the liberation of the proximity class "，So there is the first international、International Organization, a unified leader in Western European workers' unified leadership。The strength of the enemy forces also forced the socialist movement center to transfer to the weak link of the capitalist international chain，Socialist ideas are constantly spread to the region outside Western Europe。

At the end of the 19th century，The formation of the capitalist world system，Added the arduousness and victory of the Western proletarian struggle。Lenin pointed out，The powerful "is the power of international capital"，"It is in its various international connections and strong and powerful"。The Capitalism World System Roots Elephant，Therefore，is enough to fight and overthrow the world system of capitalism。Therefore，Output socialist thought，Promote the internationalization of socialist movements、Worldization，Looking for the most vast international allies，is the inevitable result of the development of socialist movement。The Communist International created by Lenin is the organization that must achieve such a goal，It "It" revolutionary the revolutionary proletariat of advanced capitalist countries，Revolutionary people with no or almost no proletariat，The oppressed masses of the colonial countries in the East are united "(Lenin)。Eastern colonial semi -colonial people represented by China，It is the first alliance for the international socialist movement。

Communication of socialism，The need to fight against the colonial people echo each other。Since the invasion of Western powers，The colonial people have never stopped fighting against the struggle，But tired of frustration。In China，The "Master Yiyi Skills to Care" and the Westernization Movement of the people of the people in the ruling group，Only satisfy the ability to learn its technology to enhance the ability to resist the powers。The peasant class that constantly set off the struggle and the wave of uprising，Due to its own limitations and not mastered advanced ideological weapons。The weak ethnic bourgeoisie has realized the mystery of the rise of the West，Attempt to imitate the West to revitalize the nation，But the Reform Method、The efforts of the Revolutionary Party's Republican are all sued and died，Because they fail to touch the fundamental system。The people of the country explore in the darkness、When all kinds of thoughts are rising，Socialist thoughts soon become a historical choice。The Chinese people suffer from the hardship of the Western strength，Instinctively disgusting the capitalist system pursued by the West，I would like，This is the psychological and ideological basis of the Chinese Communist Party bet365 best casino games who chose to accept socialist thought as a revolutionary leader。

Two world historical events in the early 20th century，Its influence is extremely critical to the production of the Communist Party of China。The outbreak of the First World War allowed the Chinese national industry to gain development opportunities。Before that，Squeezed by Western colonists and the feudal relations of the country，Chinese ethnic enterprise staggering。Although the earliest ethnic enterprise was born in the 1860s，But only 200 home after thirty years。On the eve of World War I，China's national industry is still weak，Only 600,000 workers。In World War I，Empires are busy war、No time to take care，At the same time, they will invest a lot of property into war，This reduces its product output and capital output to China。Chinese national capital has therefore entered a short period of prosperity，Ethnic enterprises have sprung up like a bamboo mushroom，Textile industry、Flour industry and other important light industries and cement、Cigarette、Papermaking and sugar industries have greatly developed，Industrial workers have grown rapidly to 2 million people。This newly expanded social force laid the class foundation of the Communist Party of China。

Another objective role of World War I，The contradiction between the imperialist country has intensified that "the advanced elements of the Chinese people have further doubted the capitalist system" (Hu Shengyu)，This is conducive to spreading new ideas in China。The Russian October Revolution sent a new idea of ​​Marxism to China。In the October Revolution, "a bridge between the West of Socialism and the slavery oriental" (Stalin): First, after Marxism spreads to China，Three major theories with various doctrines, which is increasingly rooted in people's hearts，Become the theoretical basis that the Communist Party of China depends on; second, the victory of the October Revolution encourages the determination and confidence of the Chinese people to resist Western capitalism，The Chinese people have seen that socialism can win in Russia，So it can also become the hope of China; Third, the May 4th Patriotic Movement under the influence of the October Revolution，Promote Marxism and Chinese Workers' Movement as soon as possible，The Chinese worker class consciously appear on the historical stage as an independent political force，Urgently need correct theoretical guidance and strong leadership core，This is the call of the times; the fourth is the Soviet Russia and the Communist International focusing on the Chinese revolution led by Lenin，Constantly sending personnel to help China ’s work of building a party，The birth of the Communist Party of China will also come out。

　The integration of the essence of Chinese civilization and socialism

If the above factors seem to be applicable to all colonial semi -colonial society，Then there is a special background of the birth of the Chinese Communist Party: she is an outstanding representative of Chinese civilization，Organize the essence of its own civilization with socialist thoughts，This is the historical mission of fighting against Western capitalist civilization。

Objectively speaking，Western capitalist civilization promotes human society into a modern state，integrated the world into a system bet365 Play online games dominated。Personalism and individual freedom as the core of Western civilization，Stimulated the initiative and energy of the individual，but also derived the consciousness of personal struggle、Adventure Entry Spirit、Expansion Conquest Thought、A series of beneficial self -ist values ​​such as utilitarian value consciousness and concept of money worship。For personal interests, regardless of others，Putting its own interests on the basis of harming the interests of others or even life，is the power drive power of capitalism，It is the most criticized moral weakness in Western civilization。When it has a deep background、When the ancient Chinese civilization encountered by human nature and humanity，A fierce collision will inevitably occur。The conflict of the two very different civilized systems，It has the historical significance of the world。

Chinese civilization is long long，formed many excellent traditions。For example，a，National cohesion。The Chinese people have a strong sense of national identity，Never succumb to any foreign forces。Unified China is the historical development of thousands of years，Never tolerate any dispellation and divide Chinese behavior。2，Peace and resistance awareness。Chinese nation hobby peace，Chinese people also understand，Anti -foreign invasion is the basic guarantee for realizing peace。3，Strong family feelings。The Chinese people have a sense of responsibility for the country，The so -called "rise and fall of the world，blame "。The more you face the invasion of foreign enemies，The patriotic enthusiasm of the people becomes higher and higher。4，Humanity moral concept。Pay attention to the social and natural nature of people，Emphasize interpersonal ethics and social etiquette，Emphasize people to get along with nature，"Heaven and Man Unity"。The profit in Western civilization is the figure、One side of no means，The concept of the value of Chinese civilization is incompatible。These fine traditions of light，enables ancient China to resist Western influence to a certain extent，Pasto the impact of the West。The reason why China has not become a complete colony，The Chinese nation is strong in cohesion、Community with natural resistance to Western civilization。It's just that when the modern Zhishi people are exploring the road of saving the country and saving the people，or 囿 囿 囿，or only represent a interest group，or excessively hopes to a certain type of action，Although China overthrew the imperial system although it was overthrown in 1911，But the anti -imperialist anti -feudal mission is still arduous。

One of the most fundamental essences of Chinese civilization，It is the spirit of advanced elements to seek happiness for the people。5000 years of civilization process has continuously condensed and sublimated the best quality of the Chinese nation。Chinese ancestors in ancient times admired the Datong society of "the world"，yearning for "old end，Zhuang is useful，Young Director，Those who are lonely and abandoned are raised "。Du Fu of the Tang Dynasty "Anshuanxia 10 million rooms，Big Belly World Han Shi is full of face "，It is shouting for everyone to have a place of peace。Fan Zhongyan of the Song Dynasty "worry about the world's worries bet365 best casino games and worry，Happy to the world "，It reflects the deep care of Cangsheng and your own mission，Become the Guiyi of the Pioneers of the Dynasties。Socialist thoughts from the crisis of the Chinese nation，Its essence is highly consistent with the excellent quality of Chinese civilization。Think of the nation for liberation、Ask for happiness for the people，The Communist Party of the Communist Party of the Communist Party of the Communist Party of the Communist Party of the Communist Party of the Communist Party of the Communist Party of the Communist Party of the Communist Party of China does not pursue any personal interests and party self -interest，It is born with the heavy responsibility of history。The Communist Party of China has been in the history of a century -old struggle that has moved forward，Always keep this first heart，Deeply gaining love and wearing。

In short，Internationalization of capitalist contradictions，The rise of the Chinese socialist movement and the birth of the Communist Party of China as the leadership of the movement，Can be rooted in a deep social and class foundation，instead of the product that transcends the times。Internationalization of socialist movement，Promoting the rise of the Chinese socialist movement and the birth of the Communist Party of China，And with a strong international reliance and direct help。Socialism is a strong driving force for the innovation and development of excellent Chinese traditional culture，In line with the mentality of the Chinese nation and the history and national conditions of China。The Communist Party of China is the master of the national excellent tradition and the promotion of the Everbright、Born as an advanced socialist idea and the fine tradition of Chinese civilization。The birth of the Communist Party of China，It is an inevitable result of the world's historical development laws on the land of China。

(The author is a professor at the Institute of European Civilization, Tianjin Normal University、Chairman of the History Society of the Middle Ages of China、Vice President of the British History Research Association)