On the background bet365 free bets origin of ancient Chinese and Western history
August 30, 2022 09:35 Source: "bet365 free bets Social Sciences Journal" Issue 2481, August 30, 2022 Author: Wang Hui

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  Wang Hui, senior professor of liberal arts at Shaanxi Normal University、Academic leader in the national key discipline "Ancient Chinese History",Academic leader in Chinese history at Shaanxi Normal University,Director bet365 free bets Ancient Chinese Civilization Research Center of Shaanxi Normal University,Director bet365 free bets Bronze Inscriptions Research Center of Shaanxi Normal University, Chinese Pre-Qin Historical Society。Enjoyed the special allowance issued by the State Council in 2004,Won the "Baosteel Education Award" issued by the China Baosteel Foundation;Member bet365 free bets Third Discipline Evaluation Group of Shaanxi Provincial Degree Committee、Visiting researcher and expert committee member bet365 free bets Ancient Chinese Civilization Research Center, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences、Visiting researcher at Nagasaki University, Japan;Vice Chairman of China Pre-Qin History Society、Academic President bet365 free bets International Society for Archeology and Historical Philology。

The main research field is pre-Qin history、Paleography, etc.。Published 5 monographs: "Comparative Study of Shang and Zhou Culture" (People's Publishing House, 2000 edition)、"Ancient Writings and New Evidence from Shang and Zhou History" (Zhonghua Book Company 2003 edition)、"Historical Materials of Pre-Qin, Qin and Han History" (China Social Sciences Press 2007 Edition)、"New Exploration bet365 free bets Era of Ancient History and Legends" (Science Press 2009 Edition)、"Research on Early Chinese Writing and Culture" (Science Press 2017 Edition)。

 1920s and 1930s,Gu Jiegang and Yang Kuan, scholars bet365 free bets ancient Chinese history school、Mythology scholar Mao Dun、Western sinologists Ma Bole and Granyan, etc.,They all believe that there is a myth and mythological theme hidden in ancient Chinese history and imperial legends,Later was gradually transformed into a historical figure。This is called "myth historicization"。Next,Gabenhan put forward the opposite view,Think about the mythical heroes in early Chinese literature,Originally an ancestor bet365 free bets royal family,Later deified by their descendants,This is the “mythification of history”。With the criticism of Copenhagen by scholars such as Ai Bohua,“Historicizing myths” seems to have become the mainstream understanding of Western scholars。

Many Western scholars have also noticed the differences in “mythological issues” between China and the West,Because Western philosophers since Plato have often focused on elucidating the meaning of myths and the causes of myths。But Chinese philosophers during the Warring States Period did not pay attention to these issues,And there is so little content in Chinese mythology,They are puzzled,I thought that scholars during the Warring States Period might have deleted myths that went against nature,Or explain it reluctantly,Filtered out mythological content。Recently some Western scholars still insist on the argument of China’s “from mythology to history”,It is believed that "the legends of Yu's founding bet365 free bets Xia Dynasty and Yao and Shun's abdication evolved from the myths bet365 free bets Shang Dynasty",I am even more puzzled by the way Chinese scholars combine archeology and historical documents,Aiming at the results of Chinese scholars using this method,Provide sharp criticism。

The author thinks,The reason why Chinese and Western scholars have different understandings bet365 free bets nature bet365 free bets origin of ancient history,It is caused by their different cultural backgrounds。

"History" written by Herodotus, the father of Greek history,Marks the birth of Western history。But judging from this work,There was no exact dating method in Greece at that time。The previous ones were the epic poems "Iliad" and "Odyssey" sung by Homer in ancient Greece,This is an epic that records myths and heroes。Mythology is the gods who live on Mount Olympus, represented by the god Zeus and the queen Hera,The hero is Achilles who describes the war between the ancient Greeks and Trojans、Agamemnon and others。Heroes among them,Archaeological discoveries prove that the Trojan War took place during the Mycenaean civilization between 1600 and 1200 BC,is a relatively credible historical figure;Myths are the gods who caused the Trojan War,The outcome bet365 free bets war is entirely determined by the arm wrestling between gods such as Zeus and Hera。These are undisputed mythological contents,No historical legends existed before。Looking from "Works and Days" by Hesiod, another ancient Greek scholar,The Trojan War took place in the heroic age bet365 free bets fourth race of demigods,The first three generations are golden、Silver、Bronze Age,The fifth generation is the Black Iron Age。These five generations were created by Zeus and the gods。There were no historical legends before the Trojan War in the heroic age,So it is completely feasible to say that the Mycenaean civilization and before it was the age of mythology。

China’s two-week era,roughly corresponds to the ancient Greek era。The ancient Greek civilization flourished from 700 BC to 200 BC,roughly equivalent to the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period。The earliest Chinese historical work "Spring and Autumn" also records the first half of this period,There is no mythological content。And other earlier works such as "Book of Changes", "Book of Songs", "Shangshu", etc.,There are not many fairy tales;If there is a god,They are all ancestors and gods。Unearthed Oracle Materials,There is often content about offering sacrifices to ancestors and kings,Basically consistent with the lineage recorded in "Historical Records·Yin Benji"。Many bronzes bet365 free bets Shang and Zhou dynasties were made for my father and ancestors,It is a ritual vessel to be placed in the ancestral temple to worship the ancestors。This also shows that the Shang and Zhou dynasties were indeed an era of theocratic worship,But these gods are basically ancestor gods,They are all gods after death,Actually a historical figure。The gods in Western Greek mythology are illusions of imagination,The two are completely different。

​​Still want to see,The legend of ancient bet365 free bets history is actually that at that time, many clans and tribes in the country were worshiping their ancestors and gods、Handed down in the process of recalling the deeds of ancestors and gods。Oracle bone inscriptions are often combined to offer sacrifices to ancestors and kings,After scholars combined 32384 of "Collection" and 4050 of "Tuennan" etc.,The Shang king lineage formed has "Shangjia Shi,bet365 free betsB bet365 free bets,bet365 free betsBingsan,Ding San,Shi Ren San,Shiguisan,大一十,大丁十,大家十,大庚七,Xiao Jia San,大【五】......戋【A】三,Zu Yi...",It can be seen that this inscription records that the ancestors bet365 free bets Yin people were sacrificed for more than fourteen generations。Historical wall plate inscriptions bet365 free bets mid-Western Zhou Dynasty,Describes the lineage of Zhou kings including King Wen、King Wu、成王、Kang Wang、King Zhao、King Mu and the kings bet365 free bets time and their great achievements,Also records the history bet365 free bets Shi Qiang family from the great ancestor、Liezu、Yizu、Yazuzuzin、Father takes the test of Yi Gong、My own six generations and their important achievements。In the late Western Zhou Dynasty, King Xuan’s reign,It also records the deeds and merits bet365 free bets eight generations bet365 free bets Shan family from the great ancestor Shan Gong to his father Kao Gongshu and himself,It also records the eighth generation bet365 free bets great ancestor Shan Gong and his own eight generations and the corresponding eleventh generation of King Wen of Zhou and King Xuan。These genealogical materials of kings and officials are undoubtedly related to the later genealogical documents of princes, officials and officials in "Shiben"。

And the princes and states worshiped earlier great ancestors or distant ancestors,Common bet365 free bets Spring and Autumn Period when royal power declined。"Zuo Zhuan" records the story of Ren with the surname Feng bet365 free bets 21st year of Duke Xi's reign、Stay、Xu Sentence、Zhuanyu countries worship the Great Ancestor Dahao,"Zuo Zhuan" said that bet365 free bets 26th year of Duke Xi's reign, Chu and Kui offered sacrifices to their distant ancestor Zhu Rong、Wandering Bear,"Zuo Zhuan" Wen Gong's fifth year is called the sixth year、The Polygonum Kingdoms are after Gao Tao Tingjian,"Zuo Zhuan" said bet365 free bets fifth year of Dinggong's reign that Zhong Hui, the founder of Xue State, was the chief chaplain of Xia Dynasty。bet365 free bets late Spring and Autumn Period, Song Gong Guding and Shuyi Zhong both called Chengtang their great ancestor,Late Spring and Autumn Period Duke ZhuZhong claims to be "the grandson of Lu Zhong", a Marquis of Zeng bet365 free bets late Spring and Autumn PeriodChimes praising the great ancestor "God Bokuo",Also known as "Yu Ji's great-great-grandson";In the late Spring and Autumn Period, Qin stone inscriptions praised the great ancestor "Gaoyang has spirit"。In the Spring and Autumn Period, the monarchs of these vassal states traced their great ancestors or distant ancestors,Or during the Shang and Zhou Dynasties,Or during the Xia and Shang Dynasties,And more in the Xia Dynasty or even the legendary Five Emperors era。Because this is to recall the ancestors of one’s own tribe,It cannot be fabricated by later generations of literati。“God does not punish human beings,People do not worship non-ethnics”,The monarchs bet365 free bets princes and kingdoms offer sacrifices or trace their ancient ancestors,It is a historical legend passed down orally from one's own tribe, Fangguo,cannot be regarded as a "myth"。

Editor: Zhang Jing
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