Fang Weigui, Professor, School of Liberal Arts, Beijing Normal University，Distinguished Professor of Yangtze River Scholars bet365 promo codes Ministry of Education；Research direction: Chinese and Western comparative poetics、Comparative Literature、Concept History、Literary Sociology、Overseas Sinology；Representative works: "Manuscript of German Literary Thought in the 20th Century", "The Historical Weight of Concepts: Research on the Conceptual History of Modern Chinese Thought", "Conceptual Vectors of History", etc.。

If history is precipitated by specific concepts，Conceptual transformation demonstrated by language，Not only has the symbolic meaning of historical status，It is also an important factor in promoting historical development，Then，The birth of the modern concept of "bet365 promo codes" in Chinese and its social application，It is one of the important symbols and driving forces of "transition" and "transformation" in modern China。The concept of modern "bet365 promo codes" has many similarities with the concept of "modernity" as people call it today，Even a grand conceptual form that comprehensively grasps modernity in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China。

Neither "bet365 promo codes" nor "culture" in Chinese are newly coined words，Already seen in ancient books such as "Book of Changes" and "Book of Books"。However，As an old word is used in a new way and becomes a new concept in the modern sense，Their emergence and establishment will be in the second half of the 19th century。Generally speaking，Before the concepts of “bet365 promo codes” and “culture” became popular，In the 19th century, most of China still used words such as "statement of cultural relics", "political and educational Xiuming", and "xianghua", "literature", "culture and education", "education", "enlightenment" and "风化"，To express ideas corresponding or similar to the concept of modern European bet365 promo codes。In other words，The Chinese consciously accepted the Western concept of “bet365 promo codes/bet365 promo codes” very late。Overall，Chinese before the end of the 19th century，It seems that the depth and breadth of the concept of modern Western bet365 promo codes have not been fully realized。

The concept of Eastern bet365 promo codes that has never been truly challenged before，Gradually falling into the dilemma of being replaced in modern times。To the second half of the 19th century，The impact of the Western modern system led to the complete collapse of the East Asian bet365 promo codes order。After the Sino-Japanese War，The spread of modern Western “bet365 promo codes” concepts in China，And the establishment of related values，Of course it is related to the drastic psychological and ideological changes caused by the strong stimulation of defeat，It is directly and closely related to the input of the theory of evolution。This is clearly reflected in the new view of history and the evolving understanding of history。

Historical data tells us，The contact between China and the West gradually caused diverse and complex cultural responses，The main manifestations are: an increasingly stubborn external defense mentality and the boasting of the spiritual victory method of one's own "culture"；Trying to catch up with the West technologically and militarily，without giving up self-cultural identity；Obsessed with opening up to the outside world and foreign culture (not just science and technology，But all "modern" culture) unreserved acceptance。The development trajectory is: from tentative doubt to merciless criticism，From reformers to more and more citizens reflecting on traditional culture。To replace it，It is a new concept，This is "bet365 promo codes"，That is, the “bet365 promo codes” that stands at the height of the times in modern Western times。

In the entire modernization movement after the mid-19th century，The idea of ​​seeking change and innovation is the consensus of almost all reformers。Since Feng Guifen，Theories of change are without exception partial、One-sided。Kang Youwei even had ground-breaking theories such as "An Examination of the New Learning Apocrypha" and "An Examination of the Confucius Reform"，His repeated petitions, that is, although his thoughts on reform have involved politics、Economy、Reforms in military and education，However, its focus is mainly on specific policies and measures。In other words，All he pursues is reform within the existing political order。The first person in the history of modern Chinese thought to advocate all-round "big changes"，It’s Liang Qichao。While he was in exile in Japan from 1898 to 1912，Experienced the reality of Japan becoming strong through the Reform and its "bet365 promo codes and enlightenment"，The idea of ​​radical change is undoubtedly based on Liang’s understanding of modern Western bet365 promo codes，This kind of bet365 promo codes has turned the Western powers and Japan into old ways，"No change without tools，There is no wisdom or newness，It has become a new world so far”。As the central content and purpose of "Great Change"，Liang proposed the ambitious idea of ​​“national reform”。For change、Progress，Most people regard modern Western bet365 promo codes as the coordinate。

The efforts of early Chinese Enlightenmentists，And the ultimate goal of the entire modernization movement，It lies in getting rid of the old institutional structure，And be free in Europe、Introducing new moral concepts and new spirit based on the idea of ​​equality。Essentially，Involving cultural identity issues，Is it a question of identifying with Chinese culture or Western culture，It is the struggle between tradition and anti-tradition。19、Concepts of bet365 promo codes at the turn of the 20th century，Seems to cover everything，Involving scientific development、Material progress、Strong military、Equality in education、Equality between men and women、Freedom of thought、Press freedom and other advanced concepts，Some new terms such as "civilized history", "civilized drama", "civilized costume" and "civilized marriage" are also widely circulated。The widespread spread of the concept of modern "bet365 promo codes"，Gradually exerted a profound influence on China’s political reform movement，And began to change many people’s values ​​​​and life ideals，Become an important factor affecting people’s social life。

Looking at the entire development process of China’s modern modernization movement，It’s not difficult for us to find，Disappointment with current affairs and a strong sense of crisis，Become the fundamental driving force for change and innovation，It is also an important prerequisite for generating various reform ideas。Nationalist modernization movements fail without exception，However, it did not disappear without a trace。External coercion、The forced contact between China and the West，An unprecedented thing happened in China、First of all, it involves the great transformation of cultural value in the concept of "bet365 promo codes"，Finally reached its climax during the May 4th Movement。Cultural identity crisis is one of the important causes of the popularity of modern European "bet365 promo codes" concepts in China；It’s the May Fourth period，The identity crisis in the intellectual community is getting deeper。In times of self-denial，The eyes of anti-traditionalists first turn to the West，Toward a different cultural model，Toward “bet365 promo codes”。At that time，The concept of "bet365 promo codes/bet365 promo codes" is often used by the Western world to summarize the height of self-achievement，And regard it as a standard of universal significance。For Chen Duxiu，The main symbol of modern bet365 promo codes is: human rights、Evolution、Socialism。and，Only European bet365 promo codes can be called modern bet365 promo codes。He was not the only one who held this view at that time。At this point，Chen Duxiu completely conforms to the mainstream of Western cultural views。However, in the early years of the Republic of China，The changes in China’s political system are disappointing，Plus the harsh experience of World War I，It also leads to people’s profound reflection on the concept of modernity’s “bet365 promo codes”。