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If history is precipitated in specific concepts，Concept conversion shown in language，Not only does it have a historical state of appearance significance，and it is still an important factor in promoting historical development，So，The birth of the concept of modern Chinese "civilization" and its social use，It is one of the important signs and promoting forces of "transition" and "transformation" in modern China。The concept of modern "civilization" has a lot of similarity with the concept of "modernity" today，Even the grand concept form of the modernity of the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China。

"Civilization" and "Culture" in Chinese do not belong to new words，It has already seen ancient books such as "Zhouyi" and "Book Sutra"。But，As an old word, it has become a new concept in the modern sense，Their generation and establishment must be in the second half of the 19th century。Generally speaking，Before the concept of "civilization" and "culture"，In the 19th century, most of China also used words such as "Declaration of bet365 live casino games Cultural Relics", "Political and Educational Cultivation", "Xianghua", "Literature and Art", "Education", "Opening", "Weathered"，Come to express the idea of ​​corresponding or similar in the concept of modern civilization in Europe。That is to say，The Chinese people will consciously accept the concept of "Civilization/Civilization" in the West。Overall，The Chinese before the end of the 19th century，It does not seem to fully recognize the depth and breadth of the concept of modern Western civilization。

Oriental civilization concept that has never been truly challenged before，In modern times, it is gradually caught in the predicament of being replaced。to the second half of the 19th century，The impact of the Western modern system has caused the order of East Asian civilization to completely collapse。After the Sino -Japanese War of the Sino -Japanese War，The concept of modern western modern "civilization" spreads in China，Establishment of related values，Of course, the psychological and ideological drama changes caused by the strong stimulation of the defeat，More direct and close relationship with the input of evolution。This is obviously reflected in the new historical view and awareness of the evolution of history。

bet365 best casino games Historical materials tell us，Chinese and Western contact gradually causes diverse and complex cultural reactions，Its main manifestations are: increasingly stubborn external defense and exaggeration to the spiritual victory of self -"culture"; try to catch up with the West in technology and military，instead of giving up self -cultural identity; obsessed with opening up and foreign culture (not only science and technology，Instead of all "modern" culture) unreserved acceptance。The trajectory of its development is: from the suspicion of tentative to the relentless criticism，From the most popular people to more and more citizen class reflection on traditional culture。It is used to replace it，is a new concept，This is "civilization"，That is。

In the entire modern movement after the mid -19th century，Seeking changes and new ideas is almost the consensus of all the people of the renewal。But from Feng Guifen，Reform theory says that there is no exception、One -sided。Kang Youwei has the theory of Shi Po Tian Po in the "New Learning Pseudo -Scriptures" and "Confucius Reform Examination"，His secondary book, that is, the idea of ​​reform, has involved politics、Economy、Reform of military and education，However, its focus is Bet365 lotto review mainly on specific policies and measures。That is to say，What he is pursuing is to reform in the existing political order。The first in the history of modern Chinese thought to promote a full range of "big changes"，is Liang Qichao。During his exile in Japan from 1898-1912，The reality of Japan and its "civilization" that can be strongly enabled through the reform，Throughout the idea of ​​change is undoubtedly based on Liang's understanding of modern civilization in the West，This civilization has made the Western powers and Japan become the old law，"Non -Well -free，No wisdom and no new，So far to become a new world "。The central content and purpose of as the "big change"，Liang's proposed ambitious "national change" thought。To change、progress，People are mostly regarded as coordinates of Western civilization。

The efforts of early Chinese enlightenmentists，and the final of the entire modern movement，lies in getting rid of the old institutional structure，Freedom in Europe、The introduction of new moral concepts and new spirit based on the idea of ​​equal thought。In essence，Cultural identity issues，Is it a question of identifying Chinese culture or Western culture，Is a struggle for traditional and anti -tradition。19、The concept bet365 live casino games of civilization at the turn of the 20th century，It seems to be omnipotent，Involved in science developed、Material progress、Freedom of thought、Freedom of thought、Equality between men and women、Freedom of thought、Periodic concepts such as press freedom，Some new terms such as "History of Civilization", "Civilized Drama", "Civilization", "Civilization Marriage" is also widely spread。Wide spread of the concept of modern "civilization"，Gradually have a profound impact on China's political change movement，and start changing the values ​​and life ideals of many people，It has become an important factor affecting people's social life。

Look at the entire development process of the modern modern movement of China，It is not difficult to find us，Disappointment of current affairs and strong sense of crisis，Become a fundamental motivation for changes，It is also an important prerequisite for producing various reform ideas。The modern movement of nationalism fails without exception，However, it did not disappear without a trace。It is the external coercion、In the contact of Chinese and Western contacts for people，Unprecedented、First of all involved the cultural value of the concept of "civilization"，Finally bet365 live casino games reached a climax during the May 4th Movement。Ceremony of cultural identity is one of the important roots of the concept of modern European "civilization" in China; in the May 4th period，The recognition crisis in the intellectual industry is deepened。When self -denial，The eyes of anti -traditionalists are first towards the West，towards a different cultural mode，towards "Civilization"。At that time，"Civilization/Civilization" concept is often used by the Western world to sum up the height of self -achievement，Counter a standard of general significance。For Chen Duxiu，The main marker of the recent civilization is: human rights、Evolution Theory、Socialism。and，Only European civilization can be called modern civilization。It wasn't him alone at the time。At this point，Chen Duxiu fully conforms to the mainstream theory of Western cultural views。However, in the early years of the Republic of China，The change of China's political system is disappointing，Add the harsh experience of the First World War，It also leads to a profound reflection on the concept of modernity "civilization"。