Roger T. AmesAmerican Philosopher、Sinologist。Professor of the Department of Philosophy of Peking University and Honorary Professor of the Department of Philosophy of the University of Hawaii。Research field: nj bet365 and Western comparative philosophy、American pragmatism philosophy。Representative works: "Thinking through Confucius", "The nj bet365 Philosophy of "Life"", "Core Concepts of Classical Confucianism", etc.。

I would like to make a point: we are living in the best of times，Also living in the worst times。The best era means that we humans are very great，Invented various science and technologies。So，As long as we are willing，Eliminate hunger throughout the world，Even from today，We can also use science and technology to achieve nj bet365 goal。However，We have not solved the problem of ending hunger。nj bet365 is obviously not a technical issue，It’s a moral issue，It is an ethical issue。We can solve the problem，But we must overcome the current difficulties，We need solutions based on political will and ethics。So，nj bet365 is the best of times，It is also the worst era。

Current，Humanity is facing multiple crises。We are in the midst of a COVID-19 pandemic，Global warming is nj bet365 destroying the earth，Deterioration of ecological environment，Food and water shortages，Nuclear proliferation threat，And proxy wars...all these current issues，Together constitute the dilemma faced by mankind。They all have one thing in common - the problems we face today，There are no boundaries - they are systematic。We cannot solve any one of these problems alone while leaving the others behind。When facing these problems，Humanity shares weal and woe。The most important thing is，We actually have some cultural resources，Able to effectively deal with the current situation of mankind。Although we have cultural resources，But we need to change human intentions、Values ​​and Behavioral Patterns。

American philosopher James P. Carse) gave a very practical division - he distinguished between "finite games" and "infinite games"。“Infinite Game” is what we need to pursue，But today’s world is defined in terms of “finite games”。“Finite games” refers to all human activities，such as business、Sports、Diplomacy、National defense, etc.。All of nj bet365 is a "finite game"，The essence of "finite game" is that it has a beginning and an end。A “finite game” is played based on a limited set of rules，There are winners and losers。The purpose of participating in "limited games" is to win。So when it comes to business、Sports、During diplomacy，Our current model is win or lose，Zero sum game。If you win，I lost。We are all very familiar with nj bet365 pattern。But "Infinite Game" is completely different。The "infinite game" requires us to face nj bet365 increasing complexity together、An increasingly dangerous world，Work together，Work together，In nj bet365 way, a win-win situation can be achieved。

So in today’s world，We must move from "finite games" to "infinite games"，Change from a win-or-lose model to a win-win or lose-all model。“Finite games” can be closely integrated with individualism，Those individual actors act to win。“Infinite Game” is based on symbiosis，An ecological thinking mode。Everything we do in the world is interconnected。Whether we are talking about the people、Company or country，That kind of individualism is unrealistic。No one person or organization can do anything alone。Our personal life、Social life、Political life，They are all related to each other。The modern state system is based on the concept of individual autonomy，It is promoted to a higher level by a rational individual who can make free choices。In nj bet365 model of the modern state，Every country is competing for its own interests，nj bet365 has led us into international anarchy。Facing global warming、COVID-19 pandemic、Problems such as food and water shortages，If we don’t work together we will fail together – that’s where we are now。So，If we cannot move towards the "infinite game" with wisdom，Then as the problem becomes more and more serious，We will also have to learn to cooperate - the necessity will arise。

Then，What is the solution？Except for the equal and independent sovereign states established in the Westphalian system，Are there any alternatives？Princeton University political scientist Michael Walser discusses the issue of "thickness" and "thinness" of morality。"Thick" morality has fragmented us。Whether it is Islam、Judaism、Christianity、Confucianism、Hinduism or African Ubuntu thought，“Thick” morality creates differences and disagreements in our opinions，At the same time, it also turns our civilization into one that pursues its own interests。But Walzer challenged nj bet365，He raised the question: These "thick" morals are very important，Make us what we are，It is a symbol of our culture，But is there a "thin" morality，It can bring us together？nj bet365 kind of "thin" morality，It is not superficial morality or secondary morality，In fact, it is the strongest morality，Even almost the essence of morality。

Now，I want to talk about China’s Confucian tradition。nj bet365 tradition has been passed down for thousands of years，And still going。Zhao Tingyang, philosopher of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences，Proposed the concept of "Tianxia System"。He raised a question: What is the origin of China？China’s early days were like a whirlpool，It integrates diverse peoples into a common identity。One is many，Many is one，No distinction between one and more。China describes the civilization it produced as “harmony without uniformity”，Focus on harmony，But not the same。China’s diversity is reflected in different languages、Governance model、Celebration Ceremony、Life experience, etc.。In China’s long history，Vivid diversity gives birth to unique Chinese culture。So，If we are looking for a minimalist ethics，Looking for a moral perspective that can unite the world，So can we find inspiration in China？

"Filial piety" is a Chinese concept that can represent minimalist morality，It represents a kind of respect for home、A kind of family affection、A dependence on home that maintains the integrity of nj bet365 diverse population, generation after generation。Responsibility to family，Enabling every generation，We also have the responsibility to inherit cultural traditions，Highlight cultural features。The body is the most obvious symbol of the transition from one generation to the next，And language、Culture、Music、Technology is also passed down from generation to generation。Therefore，"Living tradition" can be continuously inherited，Being constantly studied and understood，Expanded through continuous interpretation and used to solve pressing issues of the times。When a generation grows old，nj bet365 "living tradition" will be passed on to the next generation。Therefore，Family is regarded as a channel for "living traditions" to be passed down from generation to generation，nj bet365 is an important lesson we learned from China’s experience。

China’s political outlook is based on a kind of family、Country、The isomorphic relationship between the world。The isomorphism between these three，Inside the human experience we construct。The most important moral responsibility in Chinese tradition，That is, the concept of "filial piety"，nj bet365 refers to the commitment to home。Sometimes "filial piety" is translated as "filial piety"，And "family reverence" might be a better translation。Walzer’s response to the need for minimalist ethics，is a universal version of justice。But justice is just a concept，I think what we need is not a concept，But a consensus。In the word consensus，“con” refers to collection，And "sensus" means feeling in Latin。Then，Can we find human consensus based on the concept of home？

I don’t mean that nj bet365 “thick” Confucian moral concept should be brought to Italy，Bring to Uganda，And convince the Italians and Ugandans，They should also follow nj bet365 moral model。What I want to say is，Italian people value home very much，Ugandans also attach great importance to family，So maybe the long history of Chinese culture can inspire us to re-examine our hearts。Ask yourself，What is the highest value in our own world，What is the most important human institution，What can bring the whole world together。My argument comes from nj bet365 Confucian tradition，About the system of home。No matter what the government can do，Nothing can replace home education、Social Welfare、The role of family responsibility and human flourishing。Home is the limit of human experience，So maybe we can tap into nj bet365 consensus about the emotion of home，Exploring the minimalist ethic that brings the world together。