Re -scientific research light teaching，It is a common phenomenon in college。But，Teaching is the core link of talent training。History as a basic subject，For college teachers，The reliance on the accumulation of teaching in scientific research is particularly obvious，The significance of driving scientific research with high levels of teaching is more significant。We are talking about high -level teaching，It is to teach students the most basic and advanced knowledge and research results、Vast academic vision、Correct academic concepts and scientific learning methods and research methods。To do this，Teachers must stand at the forefront of the subject。First，It is necessary to comprehensively understand the current progress of the discipline，Continuously on the latest academic achievements、Summary of the system，continuously enrichment of teaching。Next，It is necessary to aim at the shortcomings of the development of the discipline and conduct hard scientific research。Last，Study on the overall study of the discipline，Continuously put forward new solutions for discipline content，and strive to break through the old discipline system，Establish a new discipline system。Only this，We can cultivate first -class talents with solid professional knowledge and creative scientific research capabilities。So，Teaching becomes a part of the center。Historical experience explanation: in colleges and universities，Teaching with advanced concepts will definitely drive scientific research。

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Teaching drives scientific research，It is from the actual needs of teaching。For the older generation of the Department of History at Peking University，They always use the most advanced academic achievements to carry out teaching in teaching、Education students，Always strive for teaching content complete system。So，Their teaching is always closely integrated with scientific research。When preparing for a lesson，They will consider，Places Bet365 lotto review in the lack of teaching in the past，Where do you need further research and exploration? What are the internal connections of each part of the course content?。They do this，Getting good results。Mr. Deng Guangming completed his Song history research system in the teaching of the Song history，Become a leader in the study of Song History。Mr. Tian Yuqing's research system for the history of the Qin, Han, Wei, Jin, Northern and Southern Dynasties，It is also done during the teaching process。It seems，Only in this way can the system be obtained、Advanced scientific research results。Of course there is a prerequisite here: Teachers are in class，Can't simply state and summarize existing results，Instead, it is necessary to combine teaching with your own scientific research。This，They will explore step by step。

How to view the relationship between teaching and scientific research，Different opinions exist in the academic community。In my opinion，University teachers must drive scientific research with teaching，instead of driving teaching with scientific research。Drives scientific research with teaching，Different methods need to be taken according to different situations。

　Basic classes should pay attention to fundamental problems

For the undergraduate basic course of university，You need to pay attention to the combination of points and face。Basic class has a comprehensive、The characteristics of the system，Involved in Face Wide，In the teaching middle school students, various problems are raised。Teachers will also find all kinds of problems that have not been solved or in -depth problems during the teaching process。If possible，Teachers can conduct in -depth research on these issues when preparing lessons，or grab one of them or two questions for discussion。What encountered in the class may be specific、Individual questions，But it has great significance for understanding the history of this period。For example，The actual cultivated area and population of the Sui Dynasty，Mr. Wang Yan is solved in classroom teaching，Then a deeper understanding of the history of the Sui Dynasty and a longer period of time。Some are integrated、Great problems。For example，Why is the bet365 best casino games economy of the Tang Dynasty so prosperous? Zhen Guanxian History is called "Fangmou Du Ban"，Why did the two perform very little during the Zhenguan period? There are also some major theoretical problems，For example, the issue of the average field system、The status of the scholars in the Tang Dynasty、The meaning of the clan in the Tang Dynasty, etc.。These problems are unavoidable in teaching。Attention teachers，If you have a certain level of scientific research，It should be gradually studied on these issues，Enjoy and deepen the teaching content。

Use the latest research results to enrich the teaching content，It is a fine tradition of the Department of History of Peking University。Mr. Deng Guangming's article about the average field system，is a significant example。Under the situation of the "Mandarin System is the state -owned system of land" at that time，He said that the uniform field system did not implement。Although later research has corrected this view，At least it shows that the land was not allocated in accordance with the land law at that time。This is closer to the actual situation than understanding the average field system as a state -owned land.。Knowing the historical issues，Respect historical materials，step by step，You can approach or even find the real situation。Mr. Wang Yan's 4 articles on the number of Sui Dynasty hukou and the number of Sui and Tangtian acres，solved the confusion that continued for thousands of years，Let students know the actual situation of history，At the same time, it is also important to understand the economic prosperity of the Sui and Tang dynasties。Mr. Xu Daling's papers on capitalist buds，It explains the situation of Jiangnan handicraft industry development and economic prosperity with rich facts。These have greatly enriched the content of basic courses。

The time span involved in the basic lesson is long、wide content，As long as it is a heart -based basic course teacher，Its field of vision will be more open，If you consider the problem, you will not drill the horns of the horns。They can always focus on the big place，Or a small see a big，or choose a relatively large research topic。

The ancestors of the ancient Chinese history teaching and research room of Peking University bet365 live casino games always emphasized，Teachers in the various branches of ancient Chinese history，Whether it is tender or special history，Be sure to bear the teaching of "Ancient Chinese History" in the basic lesson。Follow their teaching，The ancient Chinese history teaching and research room insists that each teacher must take it once or a few times a few times，Always sending outstanding teachers to undertake the teaching of "Ancient Chinese History" course。Results，Everyone regards whether to act as the "ancient Chinese history" course as a sign of their own academic level，Strive for this course，And some instructors insist on taught this lesson。This does not delay the progress of their scientific research and the improvement of academic level，Instead, they have promoted their scientific research step by step，Specialty one after one publishing。Teachers like this are not individual，For example, Yan Buke、Zhang Fan and Deng Xiaonan，They all do this，The younger teachers who are younger than them also do this。

　　Different methods should be adopted for professional courses

Professional courses for undergraduate courses and graduate students in senior grades，Different methods should be taken。Purpose of this type of course，It is to enrich students' professional basic knowledge and basic theory，Cultivate students' basic skills，Methods to study history，Prepare for graduation thesis for the next stage。Teaching of such courses，Generally, there can be several practices。

First，It can systematically explain the systematic history or a professional branch。How to say，That is the question of the speech，Is a great particular。You can check the information first，Then comprehensively analyze。This can at least reflect the level of current scientific research，For yourself、It is good for students。can also be based on this，Find out a number of problems that are not enough research to study，Then write a speech。After such a process，I have their own ideas for the system and specific content of the entire course。

2，You can also be based on your own research，In -depth analysis of a certain topic or several topics，or macroly explain to certain major issues。In these respects，Teachers can come up with their bet365 Play online games latest achievements and teach students。In these courses，If the teacher’s research has basic and macro care，Students can not only learn the relevant basic content，You can also learn the study method through the teacher's teaching。

third，There is also a type of course that is historical sorting。For example, the "Dunhuang Turpan Turpan Document Research" opened by Mr. Wang Yongxing，He first anatomy of an unearthed document，Then ask students to take pictures of gourds and scoop，Set up a book。This approach is also good for the basic skills of training students，He asked the students to learn from historical materials、Identification historical materials、Analysis of historical materials，Then get appropriate conclusions。On the basis of sorting the documents，The students have written a lot of weight articles。These articles were later published and published。

The above practices，Achievement no matter what form appears，The paper is right，The paper is right，Data sorting is good，The starting point is teaching，Teaching drives research。There is also a clarification here: "Lecture and textbooks based on the lecture，No academic level "。The lecture that is only integrated in the existing academic achievements without personal research ourselves，There is really no academic level。but，The lecture that reflects the existing academic achievements and has its own research experience，Not only does it have academic level，Even there is a high academic level。For example, "Chinese History" is like this。"Outline of Chinese History" lasted 60 years and it is long and forever，Not only because of its solid content，Because it has a high academic level。

　Instructing graduation thesis should be taught according to their aptitude

Finally, talk about how to train graduate students，Especially to guide students to write master's and doctoral graduation thesis。From the entire teaching process，This is a critical training。

Thesis itself is a scientific research project，Can enter this link，Master's graduate students should have a certain scientific research ability，Doctoral students should have the ability to independently conduct scientific research。So，To ensure the academic level and value of the thesis，The meaning of the dissertation in the Bet365 lotto review development of the entire discipline，The selection of thesis title is a very critical part。Some thesis academic levels are indeed not low，​​But the influence in the academic world has little impact。There are two possibilities here，First, the academic value of the paper itself is really small，People with a high level of research may not be able to write papers with high academic value; second, its academic value is not excavated。Is there a doctoral dissertation valuable，Depending on whether the basic knowledge of a doctoral student is wide and deep、Whether the field of vision is wide，Is there a clear understanding of the academic frontier of this discipline and whether the current needs to be solved，It depends on the guidance of the mentor。During the whole process of graduate training，Teachers can see their academic horizons and the level they have reached in different links。If the teacher teachs in accordance with the aptitude、Demonstrate guidance，Add students' efforts，It can complete the papers with high academic level and important academic value，Generate high -level scientific research results with academic impact。If the teacher has determined a research direction，It can guide students to determine their own topic in this framework。

In the mid -1980s，I have determined that my research direction is the political system of the Tang Dynasty，The focus is on the system changes that have occurred under the gate of the Chinese book as a system of reform.。On the 11th year of Kaiyuan Zhang, Zhang said that the political affairs hall was the discussion of the meaning of the transformation of the central system of the Tang Dynasty under the gate of the Chinese book，I have gone through a step -by -step process。From the late 1980s，I am in the Sui and Tang History Research Course on the History of the senior undergraduate and graduate students，Political system research is an important aspect。and 1990s，We use "Tang Liu Dian" as the content that focuses on studying in reading class。During the reading and discussion process，Compared with other related historical books and works，constantly discover some problems，Then guide students to study these issues，Finally slowly browed，Great clarification of the province under the bet365 best casino games door、Basic functions of the monk and books of Zhongshu Province。Based on this，I instructed students to write a group of insightful master's dissertations and doctoral dissertations，I have proposed a lot of innovative opinions，Some of these articles have been published in academic journals。Last Liu Houbin、Meng Xianshi、Ye Wei、Lei Wen's four doctoral students with me，Written the "Research on the Political System of the Tang Dynasty" (2003 edition of Shanghai Dictionary Press)，There are also Fu Lianying、Chen Shuang、Luo Yongsheng、Chen Zhijian、Zhang Jianli、Qi Degui、Li Rong and other results during graduate school study，And some ideas are even made by undergraduate students in class discussions and graduation thesis。It can be said，This is the collective creation of long teaching and the results of the teaching driven by teaching。

(This article is the manuscript of Mr. Wu Zongguo, a famous historian,，Liu Houbin, a professor at the School of History of Renmin University of China、Professor Ye Wei of the Department of History at Peking University。Limited by the layout，Slightly deleted when published)

(The author is a professor at the Department of History of Peking University)