"Diversity" is an important theoretical innovation for Chinese archeology from the perspective of cultural community to interpret the formation of Chinese civilization，Not only will it not reduce our identity of the integration of Chinese civilization，And can more clearly describe the "unification" of the "unification" in the vast geographical space of the "unified" type of grand political ideal and the formation of the "civilized type" country。

　　bet365 Play online games

1989，Fei Xiaotong published "The Diversity of the Chinese Nation"，First of all, propose the concept of "diversity"。"Diversified" refers，each form of one "yuan"; "one -in" refers。Chinese nation as a conscious entity，It was formed in the struggle with the Western powers since modern times; but as a community of "free"，Its formation can be traced back to thousands of years ago。At the same time，Discussion on the origin of Chinese civilization in Chinese archeology has also entered the restraint of the "Central Plains Center" mode、Emphasize the new stage of diversified development in various regions。Fei Xiaotong's discussion on the origin of the Chinese nation community of "Freedom"，It was based on the latest archaeological results at that time。

1977，Xia Yan published "Carbon-14 Measurement Times and Prehistoric Archeology"，Divided the culture of the Neolithic China into seven areas，Lile the foundation for the discussion of diversified development。1981，Su Bingqi and Yin Weizheng published "Types of Zezhic Types of Archaeological Culture"，point out: "There is a view in the past，I believe that the Yellow River Basin is the cradle of the Chinese nation，my country's national culture develops from here，Then expand it around; culture in other regions is relatively backward，Only under its influence。This view is incomplete。"They proposed that Chinese prehistoric culture can be divided into six major districts，All are "developing in their own characteristics and ways"，Become the basis for the unified country of multi -ethnic nation。

1987，Strict civilization published "The Unity and Diversity of Prehistoric Culture in China"，pointed out that some scholars "excessively emphasize the status and role of the prehistoric culture of the Central Plains"，Caused that "it seems that only the culture of the Central Plains region is the representative of the ancient Chinese bet365 live casino games culture" wrong。The article clearly proposes "Chinese prehistoric culture is diversified"，Each region is a "Yuan"，This is the "diversity"; it is also proposed that "the early Chinese civilization did not occur in one area，Instead, it happened in many regions，It is the result of many cultural centers in this vast area. "。This common development，is "unity"。Surrounded by the Central Plains，The pattern of forming a "petal flower"，The Central Plains region is not only a geographical "flower heart"，It is also the leader of cultural development。This heart structure guarantees the combination of diversity and unity，"Lalate the Han nationality as the main body、Cornerstone of a Unified Multi -National State "。

1986，Zhang Guangzhi in the fourth edition of "Ancient Chinese Archeology"，Put forward the "China Interaction Circle" mode，Agree with diversified development in various regions，and communicate closely，Without the need for a central leaders，Form a cultural community。"This prehistoric circle formed the geographical core of China during the historical period，And all regional culture in this circle play a certain role on the formation of the unified Chinese historical civilization of the Qin and Han Empire "，It can be called "the original China"。

2002，China Civilization Source Project Start Implementation，Live to this day。In this multi -institutional collaboration、Multi -disciplinary large -scale academic engineering，"Diversity" has become a standard narrative for the formation of Chinese civilization，It is also gradually widely used by the academic community。Although there is no special discussion on this concept，But because of its simple connotation，In actual application，Generally, there is no ambiguity: that is, the various regions and its diverse cultural traditions are "multiple"，The cultural community formed by interaction in various regions is "one -one"。

　　Formation of a multi -in -one pattern

The academic community is generally considered，The characteristics of the multi -in -one Chinese civilization，originated from the geographical environment that is both self -contained and diverse and complex。Paleolithic Age，There is a significant difference in stone in China and South China，The north is characterized by stones or small stones，The "Gravel Stone Tradition" formed in the south。About 40,000 years to this，Clear modern people appear in China，Differences in North and South still exist。

The relics of the Paleolithic Age are mainly stone artifacts，It also involves human global evolution and migration。bet365 best casino games Generally speaking，The development process of the diversification of Chinese civilization，Let's talk about the transition stage of more than 10,000 years ago.。This critical period of the emergence of the agricultural revolution，China has formed a difference in the north of the north of the south。Since then to about 7000 years away，Multi -cultural traditions gradually formed in various places。Divide it with the main cookingware，The Yangtze River Basin area is a kettle culture circle，Huaihe River Basin and the Loess Plateau as a three -footed cultural circle，Yanshan North and South areas are tube -shaped cultural circles。The regional differences in the cultural circle are also obvious。South of Qiantang River，Mountain Culture Pottery Exquisite，Baicai connotation is rich。Gao Temple Culture in the Midstream of the Yangtze River，Pottery portrait images are complex，The theme of expressing the view of the universe of Tianji。Jiahu Culture in the Huaihe River Basin，Music instruments developed，Turtle Spirit worship。Xinglongwa Cultural Jade in the Xiliao River Basin is warm，The worship of the force of insect transformation and feather appears。

During 7000-6000 years from the time to 6000 years，Multi -zone -based coexisting development is more clear。The Xiliao River Basin is Zhao Baogou Culture，The Loess Plateau forms the Yangshao Culture Banpo Type，Eastern Henan to northern Hebei has formed a post -post -post -post -post -post -post -post -post -post -phase culture，Haiyu area is Beixin Culture，The middle reaches of the Yangtze River is the culture of Tangjiagang，Ning Shao area is Hemodu Culture，Huan Taihu area is Majiabang Culture。Pottery in various regions has its own style。Settlement layout，The West Liao River Basin continues to be rowed for the distribution of houses，Banpo type Housing groups around the central square，Hemudu culture is a long -drained column -type house。Funeral customs，Half -slope type is prevalent for late burial，Malaysia Culture -intensive Gathering and Buried。In terms of art and belief，The theme of Banpo Pottery has evolved from fish pattern to fish and bird combination，Hemu Culture Drawing Image Development。Although there are already communication between various places，But the integration process of all over the world has not been opened。

During 6000-5000 years from the time to this，is a splendid period formed by Chinese civilization。Social development generally occurs in various places，Forming many "ancient countries" regime，Ru Dan Xing Dou，Multiple characteristics especially prominent。Hongshan Bet365 lotto review Cultural Society in the Xiliao River Basin and the Lingjia Beach society in Anhui all use a large number of jade articles with special connotation，Religious religious atmosphere，But Hongshan Society has a worldly isolated ritual activity center represented by the Niuheliang site。Dawenkou Cultural High -level Tomb Luxury in the Haiyu area，But expressing secular identity、Prestige、Exquisite pottery of status and wealth。Songze Culture in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River and Daxi Culture Society in the middle of the Yangtze River are similar。Yangshao Culture entered the temple under the gap，Super large tombs、Large settlements and public buildings，But there are very few funerals。Very obvious，Social development roads selected in various regions have their own characteristics。

Especially noticeable is，At the same time as the society is developing in society,，Communication with each other is becoming more closely。The newly emerged on the upper level of society to obtain rare items and sacred knowledge in the distance、Announced that you have surpassed the special abilities of the local people，Efforts to carry out long -distance communication，Forms a long -distance communication network connecting to the major cultural areas。The content of the exchange is mainly the view of the original universe、Astronomical calendar、Senior item production technology、Power expression method、Funeral and sacrifice etiquette, etc. at that time, the most advanced cultural essence at that time。Such exchanges make each region a community of shared cultural essence，That is, the "initial China" defined by Zhang Guang，The "diverse" pattern of Chinese civilization forms it.。，major events in the formation of Chinese civilization should be interpreted from a diverse perspective，Each successful social development practice is due to multiple interaction，Its impact will also spread all over the world。

　　Core leader

about 5000 years ago，Liangzhu culture around Taihu area is booming，Become the first "melting" development in the "initial China" to develop the splendid achievement。Ancient city with an area of ​​nearly 3 million square meters、Mojiao Mountain, an artificially piled area of ​​300,000 square meters、Anti -Mountain "King Mausoleum"、Jade ware that reflects the systemic religious concept、Large area of ​​rice field relics、Archaeological evidence such as large scale water conservancy facilities，Liangzhu Culture has completed the construction of the first early country in Chinese civilization。Such achievement，It is Bet365 lotto review the full "melting" of Lingjia Beach、Results of the development experience of Hongshan and Songze's social development。People in the vast area with religion，It continues the road created by Hongshan Culture。At the same time，There are still diversified development trends in various places。Dawenkou Culture in the Haiyu area and the Qujia Ling -Shijiahe Culture in the Jianghan area continue to focus on the development of secular power and etiquette，Large -scale population mobile and social integration occurred in the Loess Plateau，Yangshao Cultural crowd westward to form Majiayao culture，Deeper into the Hexi Corridor，Open the channel that communicates the belly of Eurasia and Asia。

Around 4300 years，Liangzhu culture decline，But it has a profound impact on the development of the "Longshan Times" in the following 500 years。Maintaining a diversified development in various places。Xiaojia's roof culture in Jianghan area and Shijia culture in northern Shaanxi，All inherit the development path with religious power as the core。Longshan Culture in the Haiyu area and the eastern part of Henan, which have been baptized by the Haiyu and Jianghan area, are mainly secular power，Forms the political pattern of "Wanbanglinli" with medium -sized urban sites。Jinnan area, which is in line with the active area of ​​the ancient history,，Tao Temple Culture appears a large -scale city site in Miyagi、Large palace base address、astronomical observation facilities、High -level tombs，It marks the emergence of early state politics。Especially noticeable is，Tao Temple site shows the features of the "melting" Quartet。Typical pottery has Shandong、Henan、Jianghan、Cultural factors in Longshan Times in the Northwest and Guanzhong area。Tao Temple "Wang" class tomb，intention to show ritual supplies from different regions。Visible，"Follow" Quartet etiquette has become the ability to show the upper level of Tao Temple。This "melting" strategy beyond the Liangzhu society，Disposting the king of Tao Temple，and deliberately show your core position in the Quartet，Has been promoting the "initial China" integrated political blueprint。

Around 3800 years，Multiple cultural factors in various places are in the mountains of Songshan.。Disglement Time，Create religion in various places、Politics、Heroes of Economic and Military Achievements，The political macro of the king of Tao Temple，The two miles sites in the Luoyang Basin as the capital，Completed the construction of the first dynasty of Chinese civilization。The most exciting relics of the culture of Erlitou，Including bronze wares、green pine inlaid embedded Bet365 lotto review and jade，All related to religious rituals，Different social traditions with Longshan, Huan Songshan。Erlitou site found that there are seals from the south、duck -shaped pot and sea shell，and Bronze Tomahawk and ring knife from the Northwest、wine device from the East、Jade in Jianghan area。The king in the palace of Gaolou Erlitou is the political ideal and practice of the "melting" square in this "melting" square，The core culture of the "initial China" for the diversity，With the status of the most powerful cultural center，Politics in a geographical range exceeding or even beyond Kyushu、Economic and military means，Get resource、Promotion etiquette。The development process of the diversification of Chinese civilization enters the new stage of the core leading。

　"One Yuan", "Main Yuan" and "Diversity"

"Multi，own clear connotation，There are firm empirical evidence。But the use of this concept，There are still doubts in the academic community，It is mainly afraid that the theory of "diversity" will dilute the integration of Chinese civilization。Some scholars are therefore advocating the "one yuan" theory，It is believed that the prehistoric prehistoric regions had the same view of the universe at the beginning of the Neolithic era、Ethics view, etc.。But there are two problems in its main evidence。On the one hand，The cultural factors identified as "one yuan" are too broad。If there are soil pit tombs in most parts of China、Placement of funerals is based，Analysis of the respect of the ancestors in various places，or "Fa Zu" tradition，In fact, this is a cultural phenomenon that can be found worldwide。On the other hand，Cultural sharing formed by inheritance and communication is interpreted as "one yuan"。If the Cultural View of the Gao Temple Cultural Drawing Images，In the subsequent Hongshan Culture and Lingjia Beach relics, they have indeed been inherited，But this difficult to become the evidence of the three cultural traditions "one yuan"。

If the original core culture of the Chinese civilization, the original culture of the Chinese civilization, is the starting point，"One Yuan" or "Diversity" discussion can all jump out of the itchy semantics argument of the boots，Transformation into a direct question，That is the cultural economy of Erlitou、Politics、Religious and cultural factors，It is a early and medium -term culture from the new stone in the legendary Yellow Emperor in the legend.，Or the result of the regions described by Su Bingqi from self -"fission" to "impact" and "melting" development? The above -mentioned diversified development of prehistoric culture for thousands of years、Bet365 app download Integrated strengthening、Description of the formation of core culture，I have clearly answered this question。

，The way the formation and development of the "one -one" still has different understanding。Some scholars emphasize the leading role of prehistoric culture in the Central Plains region，is the main root system of Chinese civilization，In the "multiple" development，Only to promote the integrated process。As we have discussed，Archeology includes Guanzhong Basin、Jinnan、The "Central Plains" of the entire Henan，It's just a geographical area where the culture of all parties gathers，It is not a cultural area where a single excellent cultural tradition originates and continuously grows。"Central Plains Culture", "Civilization of the Central Plains", and "Rise of the Central Plains" are all like a seemingly instead of expression。Different stages of the formation process of Chinese civilization，The most successful political practitioners such as Liangzhu and Tao Temple appeared，It can be called the "main Yuan" of this period，But there is never a continuous leader。

　　(The author is a researcher at the Institute of Archeology of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences)