Humblewen "The Significance of the Age of the New Yisu Fang Yihe Yizun" ("China Social Sciences" April 7, 2022, 6th edition of "Archeology")，Soon some attention，Professor Shen Changyun published the article "Also Talking about the Times of the Yi Fang Yi and Ling Fang Yi" ("China Social Sciences" June 23, 2022, 4th edition of "Archeology"，The following referred to as "Shen Wen")，Discussion with the author。We are discussing Fang Yi, who has been arguing for nearly a century，The presumption of this ages is directly related to whether the "Kang Palace" principle proposed by Mr. Tang Lan can be established，Research paths and methods that are related to the staging of bronze in the Western Zhou Dynasty。So，I am willing to talk about a little bit，and ask Professor Shen and scholars to criticize。

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The research of ancient Chinese bronze wares has developed to this day，It has become an important part of Chinese archeology。So，Whether facing an unearthed bronze or a handed down bronze，First use the method of archeological types to presume its age，It is an effective way。History and achievements of archeological type studies in decades of archeological type，It also proves this。(Han Wei: "Today's Copper Dark Research Research is essentially archeological research -whether new materials can challenge the" Kang Palace "saying"，"Research Dynamics in China" 2022, No. 3)

Research on Archaeological Types of Bronze Fangyi，In the past, there were less research。Professor Zhu Fenghan In "Chinese Bronze Insception" (Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House 2009 Edition) "Fang Yi"，Fang Yi is divided into two type A straight abdomen and type B ostic belly，Beltails are divided into BA vertical abdomen and BB drum belly。Because the information was rare at that time，In the early Western Zhou Dynasty, Fang Yi Specification of Fang Yi only raised Fang Yi。Since then，Li Juanli also made a similar type of study analysis in his master's degree thesis "Sorting and Research on Shang and Zhou Fangyi" (2011)。

According to the practice，sub -type drum belly Fang Yi is usually divided into style，For example, one formula、Two types、Tri -style。Researchers can change according to style，Pume their mutual relationship，Point out their respective age，Analysis of the basic laws and characteristics of evolution before and after the analysis。Unfortunately，For a long time，Due to the lack of information that has the relationship between Fang Yi evolved before and after，As a result, Fang Yi, such as Fang Yi, analysis of Fang Yi Fang Yi，The advantages of archeology are not exerted，This is also one of the reasons that caused Fang Yi to be overwhelming。

　　Drum -belly Fang Yi Type Study Analysis

The encouraging is，Now with Yifang Yi and other devices，Make us can analyze the types of the first drum belly Fang Yi in the early Western Zhou Dynasty。

The first style is Yifang Yi。(Figure 1) This is the earliest drum belly Fang Yi in the early Western Zhou Dynasty we saw to bet365 live casino games date，In the early stages of King Wu or Chengwang。

The second form isFang Yi。(Figure 2) This device was first recorded in the "Shang Zhou Jinwen Records" 510.1、2，Later, the "A645、R284）、"Yin Zhou Jinwen Integration" edited by the Institute of Archeology of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (9892.1、2）、The Selection of the "Selection of the Bronze Bronze in Shang and Zhou Dynasties" edited by Ma Chengyuan is also included。Now Tibetan Boston Museum of Fine Arts。It is difficult to understand due to the inscription ancient Olympics，No one explained for a long time。In recent years，Ye Zhengbo (，"Archeology and Cultural Relics" 2011 4)、Li Xueqin (，"Journal of Chinese Text" Fifth Series 2014 edition)、Zhang Baocheng ("Fang Yi New Solution "，"Language and Language Journal" 2015, No. 1), three gentlemen have discussed this device。Ye Zhengbo suspects that this is a pupae，Zhang Baocheng believes that this device is not pseudo，The two Mr. mainly discussed the interpretation of the inscription，Only Mr. Li Xueqin revealed the significance of the inscription，Talking about Fang Yi’s age。He said: "Form、Trip -oriented Fang Yi、Ling Fang Yi and others approach，But the body is more straight，Not so ‘pouring’，Time should be slightly earlier，It is proper when the estimation is King Kang。"" and，He thinks this is a very important one of the early Western Zhou Dynasty。

Mr. Li Xueqin's judgment is correct.Fang Yihe Fang Yi、Like Fang Yi，belonging to the Drum -belly Fang Yi，That is the abdomen drum，But the degree of bulging is not folding Fang Yi、Lest Fang Yi，Fang Fang Yi、Lest Fang Yi's abdomen a lot，So give people a "feeling of pouring"。

The third style is Lingfang Yi。(Figure 3)Fang Yi，It should be placed in the Zhao Wang period。Similar shapes are also Fang Yi。When we will line the above three lines，The evolution trajectory of Fang Yi in the early Western Zhou Dynasty is very clear。

　　The evolution trajectory of shape

From the late Shang Dynasty to the early Western Zhou Dynasty，The total trend of the Fang Yi -shaped body evolution is from lean high to low development。Yi Fang Yi and the late Shang Dynasty Fang Yi Jin，Slender high，Tong high 49.0 cm，Tongtong 29.5 cm，The ratio of height to the width of the device is 1.66;Fang Yi lost the cover，Not easy to compare; Ling Fang Yi has the basic form of Fang Yi in the Western Zhou Dynasty，The abdomen becomes more wide and wider，Tong high 34.1 cm，Two width 24.6 cm，The proportion of height to the width of the device is 1.39。If you look at it from the picture, it is not obvious，Just see the data at a glance。

More importantly, the differences in the abdominal wall，This is the most obvious difference。Although all three are drum abdomen，But the belly of Yi Fang Yi is just slightly drumming，Fang Yi's abdomen is greater than Yi Fang Yi but less than Ling Fang Yi，Ling Fang Yi is the most obvious，Abdomen swelling drums。"Shen Wen" believes that the author only gives the positive view of Yifang Yi，Makes people see the shape of its arc wall，So the image of a 45 -degree perspective was added。From this picture，The effect as the positive view view，Yi Fang Yi's abdomen is just a slight drum，and the abdomen of bet365 best casino games Fang Yi is obviously bulging。

Fang Yi in the late Shang Dynasty，Most of them have gaps in the center of the four sides of the circle。Fang Yi, who was too early in the early Western Zhou Dynasty, inherited this feature，Ruyi Fang Yi has a gap in the foot feet of Yi Fang Yi。But after King Kang，The gap disappears，RudoFang Yi、There is no gap in Fang Yi，This is also a reason why Fang Yi cannot reach the period of Chengwang in advance。

The appearance of Yifang Yi found evidence for the source of the early Western Zhou Drum belly Fang Yi，andThe existence of Fang Yi fills the vacancy between Ling Fang Yi and Yi Fang Yi。Now，From Yi Fang Yi to Ling Fang Yi formed a relatively clear evolutionary sequence。

　　Different types and styles of decoration

In the abdomen, although Yi Fang Yi,Fang Yihe Fang Yijun decorated with beast lines，but，Decoration of inverted ribs on both sides of the beast faces of Yifang Yi，andFang Yi、There is no ribs next to the beast faces decorated by Fang Yi，Reflecting the differences in the age。It is worth noting that the difference is the decoration on the two corners of the beast face。(Figure 4) on Yifang Yi，The decoration on the two corners of this beast face is clear，It is not connected to the horns，Self -Access，And the body has decorations，Animals like。Development toFang Yi，This kind of tattoo has changed significantly，Overall contraction，connected to the horns，The pattern decorated on the body disappears。If there is no Yi Fang Yi contrasting，I don’t know that there is still a tattoo on the bipoles。The change of Fang Yi exceedsFang Yi，Only a few curved lines，I can't even see what is the relationship between，There is a big difference with Yifang Yi。

This decoration on the two corners of the beast noodles，Chen Gongrou、Zhang Changshou's "Research on the Drag of Beast Face on the Yin Zhou Bronze container" ("Journal of Archeology", No. 2, 1990) It is called "Gorgeous Lace"。But lace usually consists of relatively neat lines in an orderly manner，And this so -called "lace" is the sharp corner and curved lines on the edge of the bipolar，Just with the abstract body and the feet、The tail shape is similar。Yi Fang Yi was released，We will know that the predecessor of this "lace" is likely to be a kind of ribbon，Tattoos are simplified into the so -called "lace"。This is a manifestation of weakening the weakened pitch of the beast after the king of the king，is a sign of gradually declining with the age of the age。and，Chen Gongrou、Zhang Changshou also pointed out that the bronze wares decorated with this lace are confused、Folding、Fang Fang Yi、Ling Fang Yi。These bronze wares are in the Zhao King's period，I will not reach the period of Chengwang。

In terms of style，Yi Fang Yi pattern lines are relatively straight，Fang Yi, who is closer to the late Shang Dynasty，and make Fang Yi softer the lines、Fine，Fang Yi is between the two。The decoration characteristics of Fang Yi above can be found on Fang Yi，Both are more similar。

　　Different styles of glyphs

From the overall style，Yi Fang Yi more inherited the legacy of the late Shang Dynasty，Different size，Swallowing it。If there is no inscription indication，Yi Fang Yi can easily be considered as an utensil for the bet365 Play online games late Shang Dynasty。(Figure 5) Fang Yi is different，Although there is a certain degree of wave body meaning，Some words 捺 捺，But the model is quite neat，The difference between characters and words is not much different。Although the text is large and small，But it is not as disparity as the period of the king。(Figure 6) There are not many characters in the pens.，Only in、Ding、Ten、Father、B、Jun、Wang and other few words。Fang Yi is between the two. (Figure 7)

Development of specific glyphs，We chose Gong、Bao、Zun three common words for analysis。(Attachment) In order to enhance the reliability of evidence，The author uses as much as possible in the academic community。

Chengwang Standard Instrument Shan Yan's publicity，The two subordinates on the mouth are connected to the mouth，Leave the upper end to the left and right，This is a very important feature。The standard of the Standard in Kang Kang was very close to the public word from the Ding Ding Ding.，Explain that the evolution of the glyph book has a certain stability。Of course，The writing method of a king of king cannot be exactly the same，For example, Yihou, who is also the king of Kang King，Public words have changed，Two wide and narrow ways on the mouth，Turned to narrow and lower width，Basic direction of the words after becoming King of Kang。Dading Ding, who is also Kang Wang's standard device，Although two strokes on the mouth are not connected to the mouth，But the principle of narrow and width of the upper and lower widths has not changed。From King Zhao to King Mu，Public words are relatively stable，Two vertical or upper and lower width of the mouth，or the same interval。Mu Wang's standard device class 簋 belongs to the former，Two vertical upper narrow and lower width，And Hu Yingjiding and Ding Ding belong to the latter，Two vertical up and down intervals。

Let's look at the words of Fang Yi again。All the public words in Gai Ming in the two vertical and narrow down and width of the mouth，Application of the writing of the public characters in the period of Mu Wang，Not seen in the bronze wares of the king period。Although the upper ends of Fang Yiming's public characters are wide and narrow,，It seems to be similar to the writing of the king king，But the distance between the two verticals is compared to the band of Ding Ding and La Shinta，Application with the Standard of Zhao Wang。Especially the two vertical words on the public characters of 簋 簋，Narrow and lower width，It is very similar to the standard instrument of Mu Wang when，The writing of Jinwen during the same period of Chengkang is very different。

Followed by the treasure。The word of the Yi Fang Yi，Inner volume below the shell，This is the early form of the shell，The little minister Shan Yan and Kang Kang's Dading of the King of Kings belong to this mode。It changed when it came to King Zhao，BookTwo downwards lanes in the inside of the Bao Bao of the Bao Fang Yi of the Fang Yi，It was very short at first，It is almost difficult to detect，and then gradually become long，It is the source of late shell characters。Ling Fang Yi's treasure and Fang Yi are very close，Two strokes extended from the lower end of the Beibei bet365 best casino games have been obvious，The standard device is as good as King Mu。Fang Yi's treasure，Between Yi Fang Yi and Ling Fang Yi，The two ends of the inner roll in the Best began to become thicker，This is a precursor to form a vertical road。

Finally, Zun Zun。The "Fu" part of the Zun Zun in the Chengkang period is filled with the facts，It is an earlier way of writing，The "Fu" part of the Zhao King's period is hollowed out，It is late writing。The most obvious changes in Zun characters are on the upper end of the Ministry of the Ministry。Whether it is the standard in the king period, the standard device Yi Fang Yi、Xiaochen Shan，Standard in the Kang King's period Yihou，"酉" department has no strokes。FromFang Yi's pioneer watch，There are strokes on the "酉" ministry，It's just unclear。Zhao Wang and its future bronze wares，The upper end of the "酉" ministry adds strokes，Ruwang Standard Hu Yingjiding increases two vertical and one horizontal，Zhao Wang Standard Termid Fang Yi increases two vertical。Allow Fang Yi without adding strokes，But the order of the same person as a person has increased two vertical and one horizontal，consistent with Hu Yingjiding。This is the writing of King Kang in the future，Never see the period of Chengwang。

In short,，Research methods combined with the combination of archeological type studies and standard device research methods in the above analysis，The conclusion is the distance between Yi Fang Yi and Ling Fang Yi.，The former was in the martial arts period，The latter is Zhao Wang Shiwen。The emergence of Yi Fang Yi is important，It excludes the possibility of the position of Ling Fang Yi as the king in the archeological type。Establishment of the Fang Yi era，is a key step in establishing the principle of "Kang Palace"。

　　Tang Lan's "Kang Palace" says that the problem is expected to crack

At the same time，"Shen Wen" also focuses on the booking Ding Ding, which is related to Ling Fang Yi。According to the inscription of Book Ding Ding, "Public Bouncing Casting Wuwang、Cheng Wang Yiding "，The academic community agrees that this is a standard device in the Kang King's period。Book Ding Ding and Ling Fang Yi were unearthed in Mapo, Luoyang，And the same clan emblem at the end of the two inscriptions，It can be seen that the two instruments belong to the same family。Speaking of "Shen Wen" here is wrong，To say that Fang Yi's inscription is called "Used as Zu Dingbao Zun Yi"，Book of Ding Ding inscriptions said "Used as Father Ding Bao Zun Yi"，Actually it is upside down，It should be the name of Fang Yi inscription "Used as a Father Ding Bao Zun Yi"，Book of Ding Ding inscriptions called "Used as Zu Dingbao Zun Yi"。Comparison of two inscriptions，Proposal that the scholars who make Fang Yi become the king of the king pointed out that the brying ratio is lower than a generation，Is the son of the Ling。Quasible，It allows Fang Yi to only be earlier than the bay，Earlier than King Kang，Never later than King Kang。This is undoubtedly a strong evidence that Fang Yi works during the period of Chengwang，It is also one of the problems encountered in Tanglan's "Kang Palace"。

but but，This problem has found a solution method，The "Archaeological Science" version of "Chinese Social bet365 best casino games Sciences" on March 10, 2022，The post -doctoral Liu Shuman of Shaanxi Normal University published "Repeat Fang Yi as the Bronze of the Western Zhou Zhao King"。The article pointed out: The past mistake was to see the "Zu Ding" and "Father Ding" in the inscriptions of the two instruments as a person，Actually two people。"Father Ding" in Fang Yi Ming is a big book，The "Zu Ding" in the Book of Ding Ding is the grandfather of the book，That is the great -grandfather of the booking order，Book order is a big son。Books may work in the old age of Kang King，As a big son，Book order may be in the later years of King Kang to the Zhaowang period。

A proof of inscriptions in the shape of the textbooks that support this view。As I said before，Gong、The difference between the two words is relatively obvious。Book of Ding Ding Gong Zi Two Polygonal Posterior Polying and Narvous; Makes Fang Yijiaming all short two vertical pens，and presented with narrow and lower wide shape，Order two vertical strokes on the mouth of the mouth，The distance is extremely close。The "Fu" department of the Book of Dading Zun Zun is filled with the facts，Ling Fang Yi、Order the "Fu" department as a hollow -out; there is no strokes on the "酉" part of the Book of Ding Dingzun，Order the "酉" department adds two vertical and one horizontal。Analysis of the archaeological types shows，Ling Fang Yi is later than a bookbar，instead of Ling Fang Yi earlier than the bay。This is the advantage of archeological type analysis: Although it is impossible to determine the absolute age of the utensil，But you can definitely determine the relative age of the utensil。

Fighting mind，Lest Fang Yi's inscription indeed inherited the meaning of the late Shang dynasty，This is an important reason for Guo Moruo and others who are easily familiar with the ancient Chinese textbooks when the appearance of Fang Yi is considered to be regarded as an important reasons for the bronze in the early Western Zhou Dynasty，It also makes the current researchers still be deeply affected and difficult to extricate。I have analyzed this phenomenon in articles such as the "Two Series of the Bronze of the Western Zhou Dynasty" ("Journal of Archeology", 2005) published more than ten years ago.，It is pointed out that this is the family who is the family of Yin Lisu to remember the ancestors、Pursuing the manifestation of Yin Shang culture，So the bronze wares and inscriptions of Yin Lisu，It is always different from the bronze wares and inscriptions of the surname of the Ji surname Zhou，Ling Fang Yi performed more typical。but，If we look closely，It can still be seen that the inscription of Fang Yi's inscription is compared with the inscriptions of the king.，The performance of Yin Shang culture obviously weakened a lot，After all, you can't help but follow the times。

Attach instructions。"Shen Wen" from shape、Pattern、Repeated argumentation of the inscription character in the shape of the book body is a bronze ware in the period of the king of the king，Professor Shen may misunderstand the author's meaning。Speaking of the age of Yi Fang Yihe Yizun，I have no difference between the author and Professor Shen。Yi Fang Yi and Yizun inscriptions are basically the same: "隹 (only) Ten and March bet365 live casino games Dinghai，Wu Wang Yi (tin) Yibei Thirty Peng，Use (as) Father Bibao Zun Yi。。"" From shape、Pattern and inscriptions for comprehensive investigation，The author believes that Yifang Yi and Yizun are two standard devices of King Zhou Wu，This is also the point of view that Wang Sheng said in the Western Zhou Dynasty。The author also quotes the saying of Han Binghua and Mr. Zhang Changping，They point out that Yi Fang Yi、The "Wu Wang" in the inscription of Yizun is the nickname rather than the name of the name，Think of Yi Fang Yi、The casting age of Yizun was in the period of the king。In the early Western Zhou Dynasty, the King of Zhou was used as a saying or dead.，There is still controversy to this day。Please refer to Mr. Zong Jinghang's article "Suspicious Discipline and the Institute of Born" ("Rao Zongyi Guo College Issue"，April 2014)，No repeated description here。I think，"Considering Yifang Yi、The shape of Yizun、The characteristics of the texture of the pattern and the inscription character have the style of the bronze in the early Zhou Dynasty，So even if they are in the period of Chengwang，Also in the early years of King Cheng，Very close to King Wu，It still belongs to the earliest bronze wares in the Western anniversary，So it does not affect the discussion of this article "。

Last，Also ask Professor Shen，Some of the words in "Shen Wen" I don’t understand。For example, "Shen Wen" said: "No one seems to want to make Fang Yi、Ling Zun will go to King Wu in advance、The statement of the period of Chengwang。"" No one wants to make Fang Yi、Lingzun is placed in the king period，Is there still a need for the academic community? Then "Shen Wen" also said, "To sum up，Lest Fang Yi in the late period when the king ruled "，Puzzling。

　　(The author is a professor at the School of History and Culture of Shaanxi Normal University)