The Tang Dynasty Dun Ancient City Site is located in Qitai County, Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region，The geographical coordinates bet365 Play online games city site are 89°35′21 East Longitude.3″,North latitude 44°01′44.3″，elevation 698 meters。The city site is about 30 kilometers west bet365 Play online games Tang Beiting Old City ruins，About 40 kilometers south from the Han Dynasty Shule City ruins in front of Bogda Peak, the main peak of Tianshan Mountain，About 20 kilometers north of Gurbantunggut Desert，About 260 kilometers east of Barkol Lake。Benefit from the piedmont precipitation and snowmelt water at the northern foot of Tianshan Mountain，An oasis corridor about 60 kilometers wide from north to south is formed between the northern foot bet365 Play online games Tianshan Mountains and the Gurbantunggut Desert。The terrain in this area is gentle、Plenty of water，Superior natural environment。The New North Road bet365 Play online games Silk Road runs westward after crossing the Tianshan Mountains in Yiwu，The ruins bet365 Play online games ancient city of Tang Dynasty Dun are located on this east-west transportation artery at the northern foot of Tianshan Mountain。

　　The seat of Pulei County bet365 Play online games Tang Dynasty

The Tang Dynasty Dun Ancient City ruins are located on the high loess platform on the west bank bet365 Play online games Shuimo River in the northeast of Qitai County，The east wall bet365 Play online games city site was built according to the natural terrain bet365 Play online games river，North、西、The three southern city walls are laid out in a straight line，Plane nearly rectangular，About 341 meters wide from east to west，About 465 meters long from north to south，Area of ​​about 160,000 square meters，About 10° north to west。Because there is a 12-meter-square high platform in the middle bet365 Play online games north wall bet365 Play online games ancient city，hence the name "Tang Dynasty Dun"。According to "Yuanhe County Chronicles": "Pulei County，Place in the 14th year of Zhenguan (640)。”The carbon 14 dating data we sampled from the rammed layer bet365 Play online games city wall shows，The city site was first built in 596±42AD，Comparable to the year when Pulei County was established according to historical records。"Taiping Huanyu Ji" says: "Pulei County，(Tingzhou) East Eighty Miles。"The straight-line distance between the Duncheng site bet365 Play online games Tang Dynasty and Tingzhou (the site bet365 Play online games Beiting ancient city in Jimusar County) is about 30 kilometers，The mileage is consistent with the historical records。Therefore，The ruins bet365 Play online games ancient city of Dun in the Tang Dynasty should undoubtedly be the county seat of Pulei County under the jurisdiction of Tangting Prefecture。According to documentary records and archaeological excavations，The ancient city of Dun in Tang Dynasty was built during the Zhenguan period，Followed by Gaochang Uighur、Western Liao and Mongolian Yuan Dynasties，After many wars，Gradually abandoned during the Chagatai Khanate period in the 14th century。

　2018-2022，Cooperation between Renmin University of China and Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Institute of Cultural Relics and Archeology，Active archaeological excavations have been carried out on the ancient Dun city ruins of Tang Dynasty for 5 consecutive years，The total excavation area is 3400 square meters，Basically clarified the shape and layout bet365 Play online games ancient city ruins、Era of use and cultural features remaining in different periods。While a large number of relics were unearthed，Archaeological excavations also unearthed the remains of early Tang Dynasty courtyards、Buddhist temple ruins、Important architectural remains such as Roman bathhouse ruins and Nestorian temple ruins，Fully demonstrates the prosperity of cultural exchanges between China and the West along the North Silk Road。

　　bet365 Play online games courtyard in Pulei County

Located slightly northwest bet365 Play online games center of Tangchaodun Ancient City，A large courtyard ruins were excavated，The overall direction is consistent with the ancient city，Also distributed about 10° north to west。The courtyard structure is rather special，Adopt land subtraction method as a whole，That is, excavation from the original land surface downwards behind the courtyard wall frame，Build partition walls internally according to the plan。The courtyard is rectangular，The wall is about 38 meters long from north to south，About 15 meters wide from east to west，Area of ​​nearly 600 square meters。

Although the northwest corner bet365 Play online games courtyard has not yet been completely cleared，But from the overall architectural layout，The houses in the courtyard face west and east，Divided into three rooms, north and south，The width bet365 Play online games room is greater than the depth，Outside bet365 Play online games doorways bet365 Play online games middle and south rooms，Neatly arranged into a grid-like building。Found inside the house，At least 2 layers of active surfaces are laminated，Indicates that the courtyard site has been repaired and used。The partition walls and house sites bet365 Play online games courtyard were intensively broken by late-stage ash pits and cellars，Severe damage。Judging from the layout bet365 Play online games courtyard and the pottery and other relics unearthed in the house with obvious Tang Dynasty style characteristics (Figure 1)，This should be an official warehouse site in Pulei County in the Tang Dynasty。These physical materials reflect the close connection between the Central Plains Dynasty and the border areas bet365 Play online games Western Regions。

　　Buddhist temples bet365 Play online games ancient Silk Road

The ruins bet365 Play online games Buddhist temple are located on a rammed earth platform in the center bet365 Play online games ancient city of Dun Dun in the Tang Dynasty，The platform base is about 40 meters long from east to west，About 20 meters wide from north to south，Nearly 2 above the surface.5 meters。The entire site faces west and faces east，The plane is rectangular，Symmetrical layout along the east-west axis。

The ruins bet365 Play online games Buddhist temple are composed of outer walls、Cloister、Taji Palace、Buddha Hall、The vestibule and front yard are composed of six parts，Two house ruins were also found on the west side bet365 Play online games outer wall bet365 Play online games Buddhist temple。The exterior wall is about 28 meters long from east to west，About 15 meters wide from north to south，The wall thickness is about 1.4 meters，The width bet365 Play online games corridor between the outer wall and the inner wall is 1.6 meters，Length 25.9 meters，It was found that the paving square tiles were preserved in the cloisters on the north and south sides。On the high rammed earth platform at the west end bet365 Play online games Buddhist temple，The underground palace ruins that retain the base bet365 Play online games pagoda，The underground palace is square，The inner wall is about 3 meters long，deep 1.8 meters，Excaved and built on a rammed earth platform；On the east side bet365 Play online games underground palace is the rectangular Buddhist hall，Inside east-west length 7.5 meters，6 meters wide from north to south，Wall thickness 1.3 meters，The middle part bet365 Play online games east wall is the door address，Width 2.4 meters；There is a rectangular platform built against the wall in the middle bet365 Play online games west side bet365 Play online games Buddhist hall，About 4 meters long from north to south，Nearly 2 meters wide from east to west，The surface bet365 Play online games platform is severely damaged，Remaining white gray surface was found on the wall，A damaged mural was found on the northern wall bet365 Play online games platform connected to the wall bet365 Play online games Buddhist hall，It is speculated that the platform should be the base bet365 Play online games Buddha statue。A complete paving brick was found in the north bet365 Play online games Buddhist temple，There are white gray surfaces and murals remaining on the north wall。The east side bet365 Play online games gate bet365 Play online games Buddhist temple is the vestibule bet365 Play online games Buddhist temple，The north and south ends are connected to the cloister，12 long from north to south.3 meters，East-west width 4.8 meters。Four round stone pillar foundations arranged in the north-south direction were found in the vestibule about 2 meters away from the east wall bet365 Play online games Buddhist temple，A piece of complete paving square tile with a side length of 30 cm was found in the vestibule，A white and gray painted mural on the collapsed wall was also found on the ground。Observation from the bottom bet365 Play online games underground palace under the pagoda base at the rear bet365 Play online games Buddhist temple，The bottom bet365 Play online games underground palace is about 3 meters above the surface bet365 Play online games earth at that time.2 meters，With the remaining walls bet365 Play online games underground palace，The total height bet365 Play online games rammed earth platform should be more than 5 meters。

From the location bet365 Play online games temple、The cleared building layout and the unearthed murals and small Buddha statues (Picture 2)、Judgment of lotus pattern tiles，This architectural site built on raw soil，It should be a hall with a main hall in front、There are pagodas and underground palaces behind，Buddhist temple with cloister-style architecture。The year of its founding should be consistent with the ancient city of Pulei County in the Tang Dynasty，Used until the Gaochang Uighur period。

　Roman-style public baths

The bathing site is located in the northeast bet365 Play online games ancient city of Dun in the Tang Dynasty，The overall structure consists of a main brick building in the center、The adobe building connected to the east, the stove site in the center bet365 Play online games north and the water supply wells at the left and right ends、Drainage wells and other related ruins。The main brick building is located in the center bet365 Play online games bathhouse，Plane nearly square，About 12 meters long from north to south、11 width from east to west.5 meters、Existing height 0.5—1.1 meter。The interior bet365 Play online games bathhouse ruins is separated by a brick wall，Can be divided into 9 areas according to orientation: the central area is octagon，The remaining 8 areas are symmetrical，All planes are nearly square，A total of 5 smoke outlets are opened on the four walls bet365 Play online games outer wall。

The bathhouse ruins are a semi-crypt structure，Consists of two floors of building space。The lower foundation part is located below the current surface，Basic building space for flue and heating，The east side was mostly damaged，The west side is in better preservation condition；The superstructure is basically located above the existing surface，Activity space used for bathing，Most of it has collapsed and nothing remains，Only the southwest corner is preserved with a height of about 0.4 meter bathroom wall and cladding made of black and gray building materials。The lower area uses a support column structure to frame the floor bet365 Play online games upper space bet365 Play online games bathhouse，Support columns are mostly rectangular，Using 1 square brick and 1 long brick to lay flat and staggered，The upper part is offset by a "herringbone" structure built diagonally with square bricks，Staggered joints on both sides are laid flat，And widen layer by layer，Go to the top floor and place the square bricks flat between the north and south support columns，Form a closed plane。

This lower level is supported by brick support columns，A construction method that divides the building into two closed spaces, upper and lower，Referred to as the "voided floor" in the "Ten Books on Architecture" written by Vitruvius during the ancient Roman period，Using support columns to construct an underground heating system for bathhouses，When in use, the fireworks from the stove can flow through the flue between the supporting columns in the lower level bet365 Play online games bathhouse，Formation of "geothermal heat"，To maintain the temperature bet365 Play online games upper bathing space in the bathhouse。

The bathhouse ruins can be divided into the foyer area on the east side according to function、Three main areas: the work area at the north end and the bathing area on the southwest side。The foyer area on the east side should be the passage into the bathroom，South、There is a doorway on the west side bet365 Play online games two northern spaces that should be connected to the locker room；The work area at the north end is where the stove and drainage system are located，The stove and cooking area provide hot water for bathing，The fireworks produced by simultaneous combustion maintain the temperature bet365 Play online games upper space bet365 Play online games bathhouse through the geothermal system；The water supply well in the northwest provides water for the baths，The well opening in the northeast is lower，Should be the drainage well bet365 Play online games bathhouse；The shape and structure bet365 Play online games bathing area on the southwest side，It can also be subdivided into hot water rooms according to the distance from the stove、Hot water room、Different spaces such as cold water room and locker room (Picture 3)。Rich relics were unearthed from the bathing site，includes pottery、Porcelain、Ironware、Bronze、Bone tool、Stone tools、Glassware and building components, etc.，Most bet365 Play online games clay pots are single-handled and flowing，This type of vessel is likely to be a water container used in bathing。Based on layer relationships and unearthed relics，It can be determined that the bathing site was first built in the Gaochang Uighur period，It was rebuilt and used until the Mongolian and Yuan Dynasties。

Bath building ruins in Europe and West Asia、Many discoveries in Central Asia。The European bathhouse architecture first appeared in ancient Greece，To the Roman Republic in the 1st century BC，With the strength and expansion of Rome，The bathhouse is one bet365 Play online games most important public buildings，The scale bet365 Play online games monomer is increasing，The overall layout mostly adopts axial symmetry，To highlight the grandeur and splendor bet365 Play online games bathhouse。From the Mediterranean coast to the northern foot of Tianshan Mountain，Roman-style baths in the process of spreading from west to east，The overall style begins to undergo a significant evolution，The functions of bathhouses tend to be single，More compact structure，Architecture and decoration integrate the cultural traditions of each region，Shows the transformation from large aristocratic public baths to small civilian public baths。

The shape and layout bet365 Play online games bathhouse ruins of Dun Ancient City in Tang Dynasty、It has a strong Roman style in architectural techniques and other aspects，The various relics unearthed from the bathhouse、The decorative paintings on the walls clearly have Central Plains and local characteristics，Reflects the integration and innovation of Eastern and Western architectural traditions and techniques on the Silk Road。Bathing is an important aspect of human social activities，As a rare bathing site in China，This discovery provides information and basis for us to explore the urban life scene at the northern foot bet365 Play online games Tianshan Mountains from the 10th to the 13th century，It also helps us see things and people、Study the cultural exchanges between the East and the West on the Silk Road from the perspective of social history、Investigating the formation bet365 Play online games local multi-ethnic unified pattern provides important clues。

　　Mysterious Nestorian bet365 Play online games

The Nestorian temple ruins are located in the northern center of Duncheng site in the Tang Dynasty，The cleared building layout faces east and west，Also about 10° north by west。The main building plan bet365 Play online games site is rectangular，About 32 meters long from east to west，About 24 meters wide from north to south。There are still residential courtyards located in the east bet365 Play online games temple site。The temple is composed of two groups of building spaces in the north and south with relatively similar structures，Enter from the central doorway at the west end，To the east is the rectangular nave、Altar higher than the movable surface bet365 Play online games nave，And three rooms in a row in the north and south at the east end (Picture 4)。

Rich mural remains were cleared from the walls and collapsed accumulations bet365 Play online games temple ruins，More than 400 pieces of murals have been discovered and extracted so far，Area about 20 square meters。The content bet365 Play online games mural is mainly about human figures，Due to serious wall collapse，Most bet365 Play online games things preserved on the wall are the lower bodies of characters，There are red lotus patterns on the soles。More images of donors were found in the murals，Compared with the image bet365 Play online games donor in the Gaochang Uighur period discovered in other areas of Xinjiang、There is great consistency in clothing，At the same time, a group of small figures with suspected long hair were found，Maybe related to the Khitans who migrated westward。More fragments of murals were cleared out from the collapsed pile，With clothes、Plant、Mainly images of accessories and other items，At the same time, several relatively complete facial images were found，Most characters have curly hair，Plump and plump image、Smooth and soft strokes，Similar to the character style and drawing techniques in Tang Dynasty paintings，Reflects the inheritance and continuation of Tang Dynasty culture by Gaochang Uighurs (Picture 5)。Visible，The themes bet365 Play online games murals in the Gaochang Uighur period include donors similar to those in Buddhism、Auspicious patterns and other contents，There are also crosses with unique Nestorian characteristics、Scepter、Elements with Nestorian characteristics such as palm branches and the title "Ye Li Ke Wen"，Reflecting the cultural exchange between the East and the West along the Silk Road、Integration and innovation。

Dun Nestorian Temple was used and lasted for a long time bet365 Play online games Tang Dynasty，It has been repaired and expanded many times since its original construction，Discovered including Tang Dynasty、Gaochang Uighur、Relics and relics from many periods including the Mongolian and Yuan Dynasties。Based on layer relationships and unearthed relics，Judging based on the carbon 14 dating results，This temple was first built bet365 Play online games Tang Dynasty，The main building may be bet365 Play online games Gaochang Uighur period，The Gaochang Uighurs suffered man-made destruction bet365 Play online games late period，Rebuilt on the original site during the Mongolian and Yuan Dynasties，bet365 Play online games 14th century, it was abandoned together with the ancient city again due to man-made destruction。

Nestorianism is the name bet365 Play online games Nestorian sect of Christianity that was introduced to our country during the Tang Dynasty，The modern official name is Eastern Syriac Christianity。Currently，The number of Nestorian remains discovered worldwide is limited，Mainly distributed in Syria and Iran to the east、Iraq、Kyrgyzstan、Uzbekistan and other places，Remains bet365 Play online games ancient Wang tribe in Yinshan Mountain in China、Also found in Quanzhou, Xinjiang and other places。The Nestorian temple ruins at Dun in the Tang Dynasty are the first Nestorian temple ruins cleared out by scientific archaeological excavation in China，Has high academic research value。

The Tang Dynasty Dun Ancient City Ruins are located at an important node on the New North Road bet365 Play online games Silk Road，Located at the east-west transportation hub。On the current archaeological excavation bet365 Play online games ancient Dun city ruins bet365 Play online games Tang Dynasty，Based on archaeological surveys and documentary records in recent years，The military and political system built in the northern foothills bet365 Play online games Tianshan Mountains in the Tang Dynasty was centered on Beiting，Luntai County (Jingsai Army) and Pulei County (Tang Dynasty Dun Ancient City) defended the left and right，Other small and medium-sized city sites、Fortress and beacon ruins，In the state、County、Three east-west lines of defense were formed under the command bet365 Play online games army，Effectively achieved control over the oasis zone north bet365 Play online games Tianshan Mountains。Archaeological Discovery bet365 Play online games Dun Ancient City Ruins bet365 Play online games Tang Dynasty，Confirms the integration of nationalities from Tang to Yuan Dynasties、Coexistence of religions、Culturally compatible historical facts，More research and interpretation of cultural exchanges between the East and the West on the Silk Road、The formation and development of a unified pattern of multi-ethnic integration，Provides vivid and solid physical materials。Especially for our current discussion bet365 Play online games formation and development process bet365 Play online games Chinese nation’s community consciousness，has an important role in enlightenment。Therefore，Deepen the academic research on the archaeological results bet365 Play online games Dun Ancient City Site in the Tang Dynasty，Promote the subsequent archaeological excavation bet365 Play online games Dun Ancient City Site bet365 Play online games Tang Dynasty、Relics Protection、Display and utilize work，Has important academic value and practical significance。

(Author’s unit: School of History and Culture, Minzu University of China；School of History, Renmin University of China)