Tang Dynasty Dun Ancient City Site is located in Qitai County, Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region，The geographical coordinates of the city site are 89 ° 35′21.3 ″,44 ° 01′44.3 ″ north latitude，altitude 698 meters。The site of the city site is about 30 kilometers away from the site of the old city of Tangbei，Southern Southern Tianshan Main Peak Bogda Peak is about 40 kilometers，Northern Globan Tonggut Desert is about 20 kilometers，East distance from Barry Kun Lake about 260 kilometers。Thanks to the precipitation and snowmaking water in front of the mountains in the northern foot of Tianshan，Between the northern foot of Tianshan and the Gulba Tonggut Desert, a oasis corridor of about 60 kilometers wide from north and south。This area is flat、Full water，Superior environmental environment。New Beibei Road on the Silk Road travels west here，The ancient city of the Tang Dynasty is located above the east -west traffic road in the northern foot of Tianshan。

 

　　The county governance of Pucai County in the Tang Dynasty

The site of the ancient city of the Tang Dynasty is located above the loess high platform on the west bank on the west bank of the northeast of Qitai County，The east wall of the city site is built with the natural terrain of the river，North、West、The wall of the three sides of the south shows a straight layout，Graphic near -long square，East -west width is about 341 meters，About 465 meters long north and south，an area of ​​about 160,000 square meters，The overall north is about 10 °。Because there is a 12 -meter -high platform in the middle of the north wall of the ancient city，Therefore, the name "Tang Dynasty Dun"。According to "Yuanhe County Chronicle" records: "Puchu County，14th year of Zhenguan (640)。"The carbon fourteenth annual data of our samples in the tamping layer of the city wall，The construction of the city site is 596 ± 42ad，Extremely equivalent to the construction of Puyi County with historical materials。"Taiping Huanyu Ji" has a cloud: "Puyi County，(Tingzhou) East 80 Miles。"The site of the Tang Dynasty Duncheng is about 30 kilometers away from Tingzhou (site of the North Ting City, Jiusal County)，Insert mileage with historical materials。So，The site of the ancient city of the Tang Dynasty is undoubtedly the governance of Puci County and county under the jurisdiction of Tang Tingzhou。According to literature records and archeological excavations，The ancient city of the Tang Dynasty was built during the Zhenguan period，Wind in Gaochang Hui、Xiliao and Mongolian Yuan period，After many wars，By the 14th century, the period of Chatai Khanate gradually abandoned。

 

bet365 Play online games 2018-2022，Cooperation，Active archeological excavation of the ancient city of Tang Dynasty for 5 consecutive years，The excavated area total 3400 square meters，Basically clarified the shape layout of the ancient city site、The cultural appearance of the use of the age and different periods。While unearthed a large number of relics，Archaeological excavation also cleaned up the early Tang Dynasty courtyard site、Site of the Buddhist temple、Roman -style baths and important building relics such as the site of Jingjiao Temple，Fully demonstrated the prosperity of the cultural exchanges between the northern road of the Silk Road。

 

　　Tang Dynasty courtyard in Puyi County

Slightly northwest position in the center of the ancient city of the Tang Dynasty，Discover a large courtyard site，The overall direction is consistent with the direction of the ancient city，It is also distributed about 10 ° west of north。The courtyard structure is more special，Adopt land reduction method，That is, after digging from the native land surface, the depression and discharged wall framework，Internally, the building partition wall is based on the planned masonry。The courtyard is rectangular，The wall of the wall is about 38 meters long，About 15 meters wide，A area of ​​nearly 600 square meters。

 

Although the part of the northwest corner of the courtyard is not completely cleaned，But from the overall building layout，The house in the courtyard is sitting west to the east，Both are divided into three north and south arrangements，The width of the room is larger than in depth，The outside of the doorway between the middle and south side，neatly arranged into a square -like building。Discovered inside the room site，At least 2 layers of active surfaces for stacked，It indicates that the site of the hospital has undergone a repair follower。The partition walls and sites of the courtyard are broken densely by late ash pit and acupoints，Destruction serious。The layout of the courtyard and the judgment of pottery and other relics with obvious characteristics of the Tang Dynasty style characteristics (Figure 1)，This should be a warehouse site of an official house in Puchi County, Tang Dynasty。These physical materials reflect the close connection between the Central Plains dynasty and the Western Border areas。

 

 

　　Buddhist temples on the ancient road of Silk Road

The site of the Buddhist temple is located above the rammed earth base in the center of the ancient city of the Tang Dynasty，Taiji east to west is about 40 meters long，About 20 meters wide north -south，Nearly 2.5 meters above the surface。Site Sitting on the East of the West，Planes are rectangular，Symptom layout along the east -west axis。

 

The site of the Buddhist temple is from the outer wall、Corridor、Tower Base Palace、Buddhist temple、Six parts of the vestibular and front yard，The ruins of two rooms were found on the west side of the outer wall of the Buddhist temple。The exterior wall is about 28 meters long，About 15 meters wide north and south，The wall is bet365 best casino games about 1.4 meters thick，1.6 meters wide in the corridor between the outer wall and the inner wall，25.9 meters long，The corridor on both sides of the north and south found that there are shops and tiles。Above the ends at the western end of the Buddhist temple，Keep the ground palace site at the base of the pagoda，Di Palace is a square，The inner wall is about 3 meters long，Deep 1.8 meters，It is dug and built on the rammed soil base; the east side of the earth palace is the rectangular Buddhist temple，7.5 meters in the inner east and west，6 meters wide north and south，Wall thickness 1.3 meters，The middle of the east wall is the door site，2.4 meters wide; a rectangular table in the middle of the west side of the Buddha Hall，About 4 meters long north and south，Nearly 2 meters wide，Severe destruction of the surface of the table，The remaining white gray surface was found on the wall，Driven murals are found to be connected to the Buddhist palace wall on the wall of the northern part of the table，It is speculated that the body should be the base of the Buddha statue。The northern part of the Buddhist Temple found that there is a complete shop tile，Bai ash surface and murals on the north wall wall。East side of the Buddhist temple is the vestibular part of the Buddhist temple，connected to the corridor at both ends of the north and south，12.3 meters long north and south，4.8 meters wide。Four round stone pillars arranged north -south in the east wall of the front of the Buddha Temple of the Forest Palace，Full paving square brick with a film length of 30 cm found in the vestibular，The white gray bottom painted murals of the collapsed wall also found the ground。Observation of the trench section from the bottom of the bottom of the tower base of the Buddhist temple，The bottom surface of the ground palace is about 3.2 meters high at that time，Together with the residual wall of the Palace，The total height of the rammed earth platform should be above 5 meters。

 

Location from the temple、Cleaning the building layout and unearthed murals and small Buddha statues (Figure 2)、Lotus pattern tile judgment，This building site built on the ground floor，It should be a main hall in front of it、After there is a pagoda and a palace，Buddhist temples with corridor -style buildings。It should be consistent with the ancient city of Pucai County, Tang Dynasty，Perminal Mosaic Gaochang Return。

 

 

　Roman -style public bath

Bath site is located in the northeast of the ancient city of Dun Dynasty，The overall structure is based on the brick main building of the central area、The adobe buildings connected to the east side and the site of the center of the north and the water supply well on both ends of the left and right ends、Drainage wells and other related ruins composition。Brick main building is located in the center of the bath，Plane near -square，About 12 meters long north and south、11.5 meters wide、Bet365 lotto review Existing height 0.5-1.1 meters。Brick wall separation inside the site of the bath，It can be divided into 9 areas according to the orientation: the center area is an octagonal，The remaining 8 regions are symmetrical，Planes are close -forming，A total of 5 cigarette ports on the four walls of the peripheral wall。

 

The site of the bath is a half -ground hole structure，Composition of building space on the upper and lower floors。The lower foundation part is located below the current surface，Basic building space for flue and heating，Most of them are destroyed on the east side，The storage status on the west side is better; the upper building is basically above the current surface，Activity space for bathing，Most of them have collapsed，Only a bathroom wall with a height of about 0.4 meters in the southwest corner and the covered layer of black -gray building materials。The lower area uses a supporting column structure architecture to start the floor of the upper space of the bath，The support column is mostly rectangular，With 1 square brick and 1 long brick wrong stitching，The upper part is offset by square bricks obliquely built the "human" shape structure，Erotic stitching on both sides，and widen layer by layer，From the top floor，Form a closed plane。

 

This lower layer uses brick support pillars as a stand，Divide the building into a building method of two closed spaces in the upper and lower spaces，The "Ten Books of Architecture" in the ancient Roman period is called "Picking the Air Floor"，using the support pillar to build the underground heating system of the bath，Fireworks burning in the stove during use can flow in the lower layer of the bath through the flue between the support pillars，Form "Geothermal"，The temperature used to maintain the upper bath space of the bath。

 

Bath site can be divided into the entrance hall of the east side according to function、The work area of ​​the northern end and the three main areas of the bathing area on the southwest side。The entrance hall of the east side should be the channel to enter the bathroom，South、The doorway on the west side of the two spaces in the north should be connected to the locker room; the work area of ​​the northern end is the area where the stove and the drainage system is located，The hot water required for bathing in the stove and the burning area，The fireworks generated at the same time to maintain the temperature of the upper space of the bath through the geothermal system; the water supply well in the northwest provides water for the bath，The water well opening in the northeast is low，It should be the drainage well on the bath;，You can be into the hot water room according to the distance from the distance from the furnace、Water Room、Cold water rooms and locker rooms such as different spaces (Figure 3)。abundant relics were unearthed in the bath site，Including pottery、Porcelain、Iron、Copper、bet365 best casino games Boneware、Stoneware、glassware and building components, etc.，Among them, the pottery pot is multi -handle，This kind of utensils are likely to be a water -enriched appliance used during bathing。According to layer relationships and unearthed relics，It can be determined that the bath site was originally built in the Gaochang Hui period，During the Mongolian Yuan period, it was renovated and used。

 

 

Bathing building site in Europe and West Asia、Many found in Central Asia。Bathroom buildings in Europe first appeared in ancient Greece，By the 1st century BC Roman Republic，With the prosperity and expansion of Rome，Bathing as one of the most important public buildings，The scale of the single size is increasing，Overall adopt a axis symmetrical layout method，to highlight the magnificence and gorgeousness of the bath。From the Mediterranean coast to the northern foot of Tianshan，The Roman bathroom is spreading from west to east，The overall style starts to develop obvious evolution，Bathing function tends to be single，The structure is more compact，Architecture and decorations combine the cultural traditions of various regions，The transition from large aristocratic public baths to small civilian public baths。

 

The site of the ancient city bath in the Tang Dynasty is in the form layout、Architectural skills and other aspects have a strong Roman style，Various relics unearthed in the bath、Decoration and painting on the wall, which obviously has the Central Plains and local characteristics，Reflects the blending and innovation of the traditional and technical construction of Eastern and Western architecture on the Silk Road。Bathing is an important aspect of human social activities，As a rare bathing site in China，This discovery provides information and basis for us to discuss the urban life scene of the northern foot of the 10-13 century.，Also see people for us、Study from the perspective of social history to study the east -west cultural exchange、The formation of the formation of the local multi -ethnic unity provides important clues。

 

　　Mysterious Merit Temple Temple

The site of the temple of Jingjiao is located in the central center of the Tang Dynasty Duncheng site，Cleaning the building layout sitting in the east and west，It is also about 10 ° west of north。The main building plane of the site is rectangular，About 24 meters wide north and south，About 24 meters wide north and south。There is still a downside distribution in the east of the temple site。The temple is composed of two groups of construction space with similar structures in the structure of a relatively similar structure，Enter from the central gateway of the western end，To east is the rectangular middle hall、The contestant above the movement of the middle hall，and three -line rooms in the north and south at the east end (Figure 4)。

 

 

Clean up rich mural relics from the walls of the temple site and collapse，More than 400 pieces of murals are currently found and extract，A area of Bet365 app download ​​about 20 square meters。The content of the mural is mainly character image，Due to the severe collapse of the wall，Most of the lower body of the characters saved on the wall，See red lotus pattern ornaments on the sole。Found more supporters in the mural，Gaochang Huizheng period discovered in other parts of Xinjiang is in the hair accessories、There is a large consistency in clothing，At the same time, it was found that there was a group of suspected small characters with a small character，It may be related to the Khitan people who move in the west。Clean up a lot of mural residues in the collapse，clothing、Plants、Jewelry and other images are mainly，It is found that there are several more complete facial images at the same time，Most of the characters are curly hair，The image is plump and plump、Strokes are round and soft，Similar to the character style and drawing technique in the painting of the Tang Dynasty，Reflects the inheritance and continuation of Gaochang's return to the culture of the Tang Dynasty (Figure 5)。Han Le Trace，The theme of murals in the Gaochang Hui period is both a supporter similar to Buddhism、Xiangrui pattern and other content，There is also a cross with unique scenery characteristics、Han Le Trace、Brown branches and "Ye Kewen" list topics such as scenic educational characteristics，Exchanges to reflect the Silk Road East and West Culture、Fusion and Innovation。

 

The use and duration of the temples of Dunjiao Temple in the Tang Dynasty are long，Since the beginning of the beginning, it has undergone many renovation and expansion，It was found to be included in the Tang Dynasty、Gaochang Hui、Mongolian Yuan and other periods of relics and relics。According to layer relationships and unearthed relics，Judgment of the results of the year -on -year carbon fourteen measure，This temple should be built in the Tang Dynasty，The age of its main building may be in the Gaochang Hui period，Gaochang Hui 鹘 has suffered human destruction in the late stage，Reconstruction on the basis of the original site during the Mongolian Yuan period，Until the 14th century, it will be abandoned at the same time with the ancient city due to human damage。

 

Scenicism is the title of Christian Nisteli in the Tang Dynasty that was introduced into our country，Modern official name is Oriental Syrian Christianity。Current，Limited Scenic Religious Conditions found in the world，It is mainly distributed in Iran、Iraq、Kyrgyzstan、Uzbekistan and other places，Domestic Domestic Mountains and Mountains Wang Ancient Ministry of Restaurant、Quanzhou and Xinjiang and other places also discovered。Tang Dynasty Dunjiao Temple Site as the first Jingjiao Temple Site in China，Has high academic research value。

 

The ancient city of the Tang Dynasty is an important node on the Silk Road New Beibei Road，Located to east -west traffic。Archaeological excavation of the current site of the ancient city of the bet365 best casino games Tang Dynasty，Based on archeological surveys and literature records in recent years，The military and political system built in the northern foot of Tianshan in the Tang Dynasty was centered on the north of the north，Yuntai County (Jing Sai Army) and Puyi County (Tang Dynasty Dun Ancient City) arch guards left and right，Other small and medium -sized cities、The Site of the Castle and the Step，In State、County、Director of the army formed three east -west defense lines，effectively and effectively realized the control of the oasis north of Tianshan。Archaeological Discovery of the Ancient City Site of the Tang Dynasty，Confirmation of the fusion of the ethnic group of the Tang -to Yuan Dynasty、Religious coexistence、Historical facts of cultural compatibility，More research and interpretation of the cultural exchange on the East and West on the Silk Road、The formation and development of the unified pattern of multi -ethnic fusion，Provides vivid and solid physical materials。Especially for the formation and development process of the consciousness of the Chinese nation's community,，Has an important enlightenment function。So，Deepen academic research of archeological results of the ancient city of the Tang Dynasty pier，Promote the follow -up archeological excavation of the ancient city of the Tang Dynasty.、Site protection、Show and use work，It has important academic value and practical significance。

 

(Author Unit: School of History and Culture of the Central University for Nationalities; School of History of Renmin University of China)