Reading Professor Zhang Yizhen's new work "Talking about the Times of the Yi Fang Yi and Ling Fang Yi" ("China Social Sciences" November 17, 2022)，I can't help say a few more words。Not to compete for yourself a "post -interest victory" name，It is really important about the problem of the Fang Yi era，Many related history and archeological issues are stuck here。but but，The author is still optimistic about the prospects of the debate，Believe in history、Archeology、Ancient Chinese characters and other related fields have achieved great progress.，Supplemented by some newly discovered utensils，The problem will be solved after all。

Professor Zhang Yizheng's article is a answer made by the humble article "Also Talking about the Age of Yi Fang Yi and Ling Fang Yi" ("China Social Sciences" June 23, 2022)。Unfortunately，This article does not give a positive response to several important issues raised by the humble text，But talk about problems in archeological types。The author does not oppose the use of archeological types in the investigation of Fang Yi era，But I feel that I only use the type learning and give up the inspection of the specific content of the inscription，May not be able to achieve good results。Even if you use archeological types，There is also a question of how to use it。For this，I believe that it is necessary to ask Professor Zhang Yizheng as follows the following questions。

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I think，To use archeological types to solve the problem of the age of Fang Yi，The best way is to compare it with some of the same type of utensils in the same age。such as Zhang Changshou, etc. to explain the age of arc wall Fang Yi，List of Uncle Fang Yi、Lest Fang Yi、Fangfang Yi perform analogy。We have added a few pieces of utensils of the same type here，Rongzi Fang Yi、Beggar Fang Yi, etc.，They are all utensils in the Chengkang period。Where，Uncle Fang Yi's shape、Pattern and Ling Fang Yi are the closest to，It should be the best reference in the order of Fang Yi.，Based on the figure of Wang Yan mentioned by Uncle Fang Yi (Wang Yidang is the princess of the Wen Wang)，The age of Fang Yi should not be difficult to judge。

But，Professor Zhang Yizheng found the analogy with Ling Fang Yi，But the utensils before it，includingFang Yi and Yi Fang Yi。The former is slightly higher in shape，Straighten on the edge of the body，The production time is in the early stage of the Western Zhou Dynasty; the abdominal wall of Yifang Yi slightly rises，It is also the earliest utensils of the king period，Compare them with Ling Fang Yi，The author believes that only the production of Fang Yi can not be far away after the early and middle periods of Chengwang，The conclusion at most at the time of Chengkang，It can’t be said that it must be done in the Zhao King period that is very late from these two utensils。Although the abdomen of Fang Yi is obvious than them，But after all, it belongs to the same type of utensils，Its decoration、The glyph is also similar，Not too late will be left。Considering that King Zhao did not see Fang Yi, which is the same type in the future，It is said that Ling Fang Yi must be in the period of King Zhao，It can’t be convinced。

As for the gap in Yifang Yi's circle, andFang Yi、There is no such gap in Fang Yi in the foot of Fang Yi.，This proves that the production of Fang Yi should be after Kang King。I think，This is probably a misunderstanding。The so -called "gap"，Actually the edge of the center of the wall of the wall is a little shadow that throws on the circle in the light。The clear photos of Yifang Yi are more clear，Since the Western Bet365 app download Zhou Dynasty, there has been no gap in Fang Yi circle。

　　Ling Fang Yi Tattoo Popularity

Compare the decoration of Ling Fang Yi，It is another path to the Fang Yi era of Professor Zhang Yizhen。But what it uses，It is still a method of investigating the formula of Fang Yi，Just compare Fang Yi and the previousFang Yi、Yi Fang Yi pattern features the same features。Can this comparison conclude that Fang Yi works in King Zhao? Professor Zhang Yizhen compared the noodles on the abdomen of these utensils，Think that the so -called "gorgeous lace" on their bipoles is morning and evening with the age，The images of the tattoo expressed gradually weakened。For this，We have no objection。But，This comparison seems to be meaningless for the argument that it makes Fang Yi made in the period of Zhao King。It is necessary to prove that Fang Yi works in King Zhao，The key is to find the example of this pattern that is still popular during the Zhao Wang period。but，Professor Zhang Yizhen only listed the beast facial decoration on the belly of Yi Fang Yi ware，but did not list this decoration on the abdomen of Fang Yi，How can this prove that Fang Yi was made in the Zhao period? Although Professor Zhang Ye pointed out、Folding and Fang Fang Yi are decorated with this decoration，That cannot explain its point of view，Because the folder is made up at most, it can only be set in the world of Kang King。For this，Huang Shengzhang had a wonderful discussion，He said, "There is 斝，In the past, I thought 斝 ‘but it’ s just what Yin has ’，Folding 斝 cannot be too late，The upper limit can be available to the king，Can't get to Kang King late。As for Zun Zun、觥、Fang Yi，shape、The decorations are relatively early ... placed in Zhaoshi，It's too late，Zhao King 19 years is the last year of King Zhao，The following year belongs to King Mu，Comparison of Mu Shifeng Zun and Mu Shifeng，Seeing Disposal。"(Huang Shengzhang:" Preliminary Research on the Copper Group of the Micro Family Cellar in the Western Zhou Dynasty "，"Social Science Front" 1978, No. 3)

Evolution from the noodles of the beast、Development situation，The beast pattern on the abdomen of Fang Yi can never be a popular pattern in the period of King Zhou Zhao。Such as Zhang Changshou, etc.，Ling Fang Yi's type of animal face pattern only belongs to the conjoined beast face pattern popular during the Chengkang period，From the Ding Ding to Ling Ling Yi、Rongzi Fang Yi、Wang Yifangzun to the folder，This kind of pattern is decorated。Just to the king of Kang，Only to develop into a decomposed animal face pattern in the future，The upcoming independent animal face pattern or conjoined beast facial pattern is decomposed as a part of each unconidine。Famous Dading Ding、Shangzun unearthed from Fufengzhuangbai、Shang，Ding Ding unearthed from Meixian，All belong to this type (Wang Shimin、Chen Gongrou、Zhang Changshou: "Staging Research on Bronze in the Western Zhou Dynasty"，Cultural Relics Publishing House 1999 edition，Page 236-239)。You can compare the decoration of Fang Yi and Da Yu Ding，The latter's animal face pattern is obviously decomposed by the former、Developed。This excludes the possibility of Ling Fang Yi produced in the Zhao Wang period after Da Ying.。

Actually，Reflecting the more important decoration features of Fang Yi production era，It is still in the double -tailed dragon pattern under its mouth and the bird pattern on the circle feet。Where，Double -tailed dragon pattern has a longer popular time，It has its figure on the bronze wares from the late Shang Dynasty to the middle of the Western Zhou Dynasty，But the time of the double -tailed dragon pattern of Fang Yi is very limited，It is roughly limited to the period from the end of Shang and the beginning Bet365 lotto review of Zhou Kang，At present, only Ling Fang Yi can be cited、圉 Fang Ding、or Father Gui Fang Ding、A few pieces of uncle Guo pot and so on，It is not in the period of Kang King's period。Among them, Fang Fang Ding comes from the tomb of West Zhou of the Liuli River in Beijing，Times at the time of Chengkang，Analysis of this pattern of Fang Yi is not better than Fang Fang Ding late (Liang Yanmin: "Yin Zhou Bronze Double Dragon Pattern and Related Issues"，"Archeology and Cultural Relics" 2006, No. 6)，This is very close to the formation time of Ling Fang Yi, which we predered.。

As for the small bird pattern on Fang Yi circle，Zhang Changshou and other books have already given the answer，Say it is the "typical Chengkang period" decoration (Wang Shimin、Chen Gongrou、Zhang Changshou: "Staging Research on Bronze in the Western Zhou Dynasty"，p. 236)。

In short，From the decoration of the decoration, Fang Yi made it in the period of Cheng Wang (the end of the king)，Evidence is sufficient。

　Lest Fang Yiming's book style

I have pointed out in "Also Talking about the Times of the Yi Fang Yi and Ling Fang Yi"，Judging from the shape of the inscriptions，It is obvious that Fang Yifei is in the period of King Zhao，It can be compared with Da Lingming。Da Ling's work in King Zhou Kang 23 years，If Fang Yi said when he was made in King Zhao，Its inscription should make Fang Yi more ancient，But we see，But it makes Fang Yi much more ancient than Da Ying Ming。On the one hand, the writing of the inscription。In Lingfang Yi，It is still a set of writing methods in the end of Shang and early Zhou，Only the vertical arrangement of the word is neat，Do not consider horizontally。Can be there in Da Lingding，However, the horizontal and vertical arrangements are very neat。On the other hand, the writing of each word。Make Fang Yi's glyphs more waved style and multi -phenomenon。If some words containing the human body，Including the word、Female words、Both words、Light characters, etc.，It means part of the human lower limb，All the images of the limb (kneeling position)，But in Da Lingzhong，But all have become straight limbs。

Press today，The difference between the inscription shape of these two utensils is not reflected in this aspect，It is also reflected in the different writing of some ancient and modern times。Ru Zhou、Yu、Gong、Bao、Resort、Things，These two utensils have different writing methods，Show different times characteristics。

Don't have too much instructions，The basic trajectory of the Zhouchukang Chengkang two -generation fonts reflected in the inscriptions of the two -device inscriptions，It's clear at a glance。For example, public words，Two vertical pens on the "mouth" develop into two vertical pen and "mouth" separation from the "mouth" separation; Zhou Zi，The shape of the carved jade developed to the trace of saving the carving;，Remove the jade shape above it (from jade，probably nobility); words，It also expresses its upper part of the banner to omit the banner。These changes，It reflects the general rules of Chinese characters from the early pictographs to the formation of fonts that are specified in the future，Of course, it also shows that Ling Fang Yi's glyphs must be earlier than Dali Ding，Unlike to put it in the world of Zhao King behind Da Ying。

Professor Zhang Yizhen's film regards these changes on the shape of Fang Yi and Da Lingming，Select the public、Bao、Zun these three words，I hope that through their development and changes, Fang Yi works in the world of King Zhao。but，The changes in the three words of these three words cannot be proved to make Fang Yi work in the life of King Zhao。

First，Let's talk about public words first。Professor Zhang Yizhen gave the king's minister Shan Yan as an example，Speaking of the words of the king period，The upper end of the two vertical pen above the mouth，All aside from bet365 live casino games left and right，and the two vertical pens above the public characters of Fang Yi in the mouth，But it is narrow and width，"The Writing of the Public Word in the Mu Wang period"。This is not consistent with the actual situation，There is also an inscription on the same content on Fang Yi ware，Two vertical pens above the mouth of multiple public characters，It is also left to the left and right。and，Let Fang Zun's publicity，This is also the way to write。

We cannot just make the two vertical pens of the public characters on Fang Yi on the shape of a narrow and width and width，It is said that all the characters of Fang Yi are written in this way。If you want to say which one is more popular，I can only choose the former，Because the former is more seen at the beginning of the week，Especially the bronze inscriptions of the king period。We might as well list the characters in the bronze in the bronze period of Xiaochen Shanyi.，Compared with the words on Fang Yi warehousing，It can be seen that the font of Fang Yi should indeed be included in the popular writing of the Kang period。

2，Treasure Word。Professor Zhang Yizhen believes that the writing of Fang Yibao's word is close to the bryday and Fang Yi of the Zhao Wang period，Because the inner roll below the shell has two downward roads,，This is the source of the late shell character。More questions about this statement。One，Book 睘卣 Wang Jiang，After Wang Jiang Naiwu (the literature is called "Yi Jiang")，How can she live to the Zhao Wang period? Two，Unable to coordinate with the time of the book of Wang Jiangming 睘 睘，Because of the death of King Zhao in the 19th year of his throne，It is difficult for us to imagine that he is still alive in December of this year。"Nineteen Years" of Book Fold is the same，Naturally, it is not King Zhao 19。These，All are just a matter of time，The most important thing is that there are no two vertical roads under the inner curls below Fang Yi Bao Bao Bao.。If the treasures on the cover of Fang Yi are not clear,，The treasure on the Fang Yi ware (），The inner rolls below the Best Book cannot see the so -called two "vertical roads"，Even if there is，It is still the two short -spin -shaped strokes spent in the direction under the early shellfish。In short，At this time, the so -called "source" of the so -called late shell characters appeared at this time。

third，Zun Zi。Professor Zhang Yizheng said: "The‘ Fu ’ -The Ministry of the Zun Zun Zun in the period of Chengkang is made of reality，It is an earlier way of writing，The ‘Fu’ in the Zhao Wang period is hollowed out，It is a late writing。"The purpose is to confirm that Fang Yi works in the Zhao period，Because the characters on Fang Yi cover are really done。But the word on the Fang Yi ware is the writing of the characters he calls in the Chengkang period。Actually，During the period of Chengkang, the copper word "Fu" part is not individual，Ru Cheng's Youyou、Kang King's Shi Zuo Zuo Cenye、匽 辛 辛 辛。In particular, Wu Zhenzheng's "Institute of Institute of Integrated and Image Integration of Shangzhou and Zhou" received Ying Ding (No. 0122)，It is called "Yizuki Yi Bao Zun Yi，C，When the newly discovered Yi Fang Yi was a man's hand (both called "Father B")，However, the Fuxi of the Zun Zun character is also a hollow -out -shaped。

In short，Professor Zhang Yizhen gives these examples that make Fang Yi in the period of King Zhao.，It made Fang Yi more convincing during the period of Chengwang，This is the case even from the font glyph。

Here，We want to talk about the relationship between the relationship between Fang Yi and the Great Ding of Fang Yi。Originally，According to these two utensils from the same family，Let Fang Yi inscription call it "as a father Ding Baozun Yi"，Book of Great Ding Mingming is called "Used as Zu Dingbao Zun Yi"，Judgment of Book Order as a father with a big bet365 live casino games bay，It should be logical。But some scholars are upside down，The book order is a big son。They understand that the "father Ding" in Fang Yi's inscription is the bay，The "Zu Ding" in the Great Ding Ding is the grandfather of the book，is the great -grandfather of the bookbar。The reason is that the glyphs of these two utensils are making articles。We might as well list the inscription fonts of these two pieces (remove the fonts that appear alone)，Do a careful comparison。

The above list of the thirteen glyphs of the large -scale Dingling，accounts for one -third of the entire generous inscription。The obvious is，The writing of the text of the two instruments is basically the same。Not only the shape of the word，Even strokes are basically the same。This proves that the formation of the two utensils should be very close，No one will be done in the early years of King Kang，A world of Zhao King。Because the book is generous, it talks about this utensil to commemorate "Zu Ding"，It can be judged that the father of the time of the big bay at the time is still Jianzheng。Book order has just made a sacrifice for his father (that is, the "Father Ding" in Fang Yiming)，Let's judge that the book order is the relationship between the father and son，They all commemorate the same ancestor at the same time。

Since the generous book is the work of King Kang's early years，So according to the information in the inscription，The production of Fang Yi is likely to be in the last year of the king。Book order should be self -contained to the king of the king until his son is located.，This is possible to make him again created a book such as a book in his later years。If so，Books order some of the characters in the 簋 shows the late glyph characteristics，It is also good to understand (nor too late，Not late to the Zhao King)。If the word is the word、The "female" department under the ginger character no longer shows the limb of people，The upper end of the Zun Zi Zi has added two vertical and one horizontal，It is already close to the glyphs of the Kang King's Estalular utensils in the folding device。We do not need to pull these late glyphs in the brying order to the time of Chengkang，And as a reason to deny that Fang Yi is made in this period。

　　Kang Ding inscription provides new evidence

Speak in truth -seeking，The above is related to Ling Fang Yi as Chengkang，instead of argument in King Zhao's period，Many are logical inferences。Now，We have found more powerful evidence that supports this judgment，It is the new discovery of Harbin inscriptions in recent years。Introduction of Ma Chengyuan, the original Museum of Shanghai Museum, which published this bronze inscription，This utensils have to be in an antique market in Hong Kong in 1998，is the crotch Ding of the three -legged head，Typical samples of the early western Zhou dynasties。Ma Chengyuan immediately made a decision for the inscription of the device and briefly annotated and approved，The full text of its inscriptions is as follows: "B Wei，Gong Tai Bao Buying BigYu Meiya，Only fiftypen。Public Life Kang Gui Mei Yabei Fifty -Peng，Yita、鬯,Niu Yi. Yabin Kang, Jin Erjun., used as a father, a husband. "

The inscription records a material trading thing，Gong Tai Bao wants to use your own incense wine and a cow for fifty friends，Buy a piece of Meiya from Meiya，For this for this reason, this transaction is sent to his subordinates。After the transaction is completed，and received the opponent's reward，He has made this utensil to recruit his father。

But，What we care about is the relationship between this character and the relationship between Gongtaibao。Gong Tai Bao according to Ma Chengyuan，is called Gongyou，Zhao Gong Gao Shou，The fashion is in the world，Therefore, the era of this utensil，At bet365 live casino games least at the time of King Kang。The owner of the utensil，Naturally also live in this era。Look at the shape of the device and inscription font of Kang Ding，It is said that it is no problem when it is made in Chengkang。

It is worth noting is，Ma Chengyuan also specifically pointed out "Kang this person is seen in the booking Ling Fang Yihe Fangzun"，The inscriptions of these two utensils record that he and the book order are rewarded by Ming Gong，When Kang was rewarded by Ming Gong, he was arranged before the booking order，It shows that he is the bureaucrat of Ming Gong，The status at that time was higher。

This is very important to point out this point that Ma Chengyuan specifically pointed out。We look at many words in Kang Ding's inscription，Including the writing of the word，Both and Ling Fang Yi、Let Fang Zun look like，I have to agree with Ma Chengyuan’s assertion。So，In turn,，Say Fang Zun、Lest Fang Yi is about the same age as Kang Ding，That is, before King Zhou Kang or King Zhou Kang，There should be no problems。

but，Ma Chengyuan believes that Gong Tai Bao is a statement of calling for Gongxuan, but it is worth scrutiny。Although the Taibao in the handed down literature is called，But the male Pacific Bao in the inscription of the bronze in the early Zhou Dynasty refers to another historical figure，11616_11632。Not only the Gong Tai Bao in the inscription of Kang Ding refers to this Mingbao，Brigade Ding、Gongtaibao in Yuzheng Liangjue also indicates Bao。Mingbao, also known as Ming Gong，He was a public in the period of Cheng Wang as a public。Ma Chengyuan also approves that the character of Kang is the Ming Gongyou who is rewarded by Ming Gong in the order of Fang Yi and Ling Fang Zun.，In this case，It is impossible for him to be the bureaucrats of Zhao Gong。We see the inscription of Ling Ding once recorded that the brigade followed the public Pacific to conquer Dongyi，and inGongji (also known as Ming Gong、Lu Houzun) record，The commander of this time to conquer Dongyi is Minggong，This indicates that Gong Tai Bao is Ming Gong。But Zhao Gongxuan has never had the action of the leader to conquer Dongyi。Of course，We need to point out more，The action of this recruitment of Dongyi is in the Chengkang period，System of Ling Ding、Pattern and inscription fonts show that its production is at this time。Ding Ding is also a crotch Ding，The same as Kang Ding，This type of tripod cannot be produced in the Zhao Wang period。

　　Tang Lan's "Kang Palace" says that it is difficult to establish

If you want to give a summary of the above discussion，That is that these discussions only confirm that Ling Fang Yi's production will not be in the period of King Zhou Zhao。Well -known，Tang Lan's "Kang Palace" said，It is believed that the Kang Palace in Fang Yi Ming is the temple of King Zhou Kang，From this to the conclusion that Ling Fang Yi can only be in the period of King Zhou Zhao。We say that Fang Yifei works in King Zhou Zhao，equal to the basis of the theory of Tang Lan's "Kang Palace" directly，"Kang Palace" is bound to be difficult to establish。

You must first figure out a related understanding here，The relationship between the ancient "palace" and "temple"。This question，In the past Guo Moruo、Chen Mengjia and others talked about，The author's mentor Mr. Zhao Guangxian also talked about，They all advocate the place where the "palace" was an ancient resident，Different from the "temple" is just a place where the old ancestor tablet is placed。The reason why "a certain palace" and "a temple" are mixed with the situation，Gai because the ancients often built the ancestor's ancestral temple in the palace where the ancestors often moved。But this is just the indication，"Palace" is a large range，"Temple" only occupy a part of bet365 best casino games the palace。"Lu's Spring and Autumn · Shenlian" has a paragraph that speaks of "establishing the country"，The relationship between the "palace" and "temple" is very thorough，Its saying: "The King of Ancients，Choosing the world and standing for the country，Choose the country and the Palace，Choose the temple in the palace "，Is a building built in the center of the palace。

Actually，There are also some reflected palaces in the golden text of the Western Zhou Dynasty、Contents of the Temple Architecture。Wu Fangyi Gai said in the period of the Kings，"Only Ji Dinghai in early February，Wang in Zhou Cheng's room，Dan，Wang Ge Temple ... "The ause king in Zhou Chenggong's room，Then say "Dan，Wang Ge Temple "，Is the palace、The room and the temple are not the same concept。Examples of this type can also be cited for a lot。Ling Fang Yi's inscriptions include "Beijing Palace", "Kang Palace" and "Zhou Gong Palace"，They are not equal to someone or someone’s temple，Otherwise, the scene where Zhou Gong issued an order in Zhougong Palace appeared in the inscription.。By saying that Fang Yifei is the opportunity to do it during the Zhao period，Come again to experience the principle of Kang Gong's non -Zhou Kang King Temple，When you have a deeper layer of experience。

Mr. Tang Lan is stubborn at the claim of the Kang Palace Naikang Temple，As a result, he placed a large number of bronze in the Kang era in the Zhao King's period。First of all, Ling Fang Yi、Order 簋，Then there is a relationship with itGongji, Book卣、Brigade Ding、Yuzheng Liangjue、Uncle、旟 Ding、Book、A large number of bronze wares in the Kang era，All included in the name of the bronze in the Zhao Wang period，The number of bronze wares in the Zhao period increases greatly，The bronze ware in the Chengkang era is greatly reduced。In the book "History of the Bronze Inscriptions of the Western Zhou Dynasty"，The bronze wares of the Zhao Wang period determined by the Zhao Wang period reached 52 pieces，and only 41 pieces of bronze wares during the king period，There are only 34 pieces during the Kang Wang period，It is too proportional。Notice，Zhao King's reign is only 19 years，Cheng Wang has more than 30 years in the reign，Wang Wang has 28 years of reign，Considering the situation in the prosperous period of the Chengkang period，Zhao Wang's period is already "Wang Daowei"，A short time and being in the fading Wang Shi，The bronze heavy ware produced by it，Whether in quantity or quality，It should not exceed the prosperous age of its previous period。

Chengkang period is the first prosperous world in our country，Later generations of historians are called "Chengkang Zhi"。I want to，Our bronze research should also reflect the characteristics of this historical development。

(The author is a professor at the School of History and Culture of Hebei Normal University)