The late Qing Dynasty when various undertakings were “in constant need of funds”，You can imagine how difficult it is to raise bet365 champions league funds。The late Qing Dynasty needed to deal with the constant impact of Western learning and Western power，The necessity and urgency of establishing new schools are increasing day by day。Compared with traditional private schools，Xuetang became the main bearer of modern bet365 champions league，Its preparation and management have become government actions to a large extent，Of course social power is also important。But no matter how it is done，Funding is the prerequisite，Start your research here，Of course, many historical issues can be “newly excavated” or “re-explored”，Helps expand and deepen relevant academic knowledge。Because of this，Jiang Baolin's "Schools in the Late Qing Dynasty and the Origin of Educational Finance in Modern China" (Social Science Literature Press 2021 edition) has attracted widespread attention。

　　First, conduct bet365 champions league from a unique perspective.bet365 champions league is an important social issue in the late Qing Dynasty。In the full-text database of Ai Rusheng's "Declaration"，Full-text search using "school funds" as the keyword，1704 results obtained，And there are very few ads，Mostly news，It is not difficult to explain the wide scope of “school funding” at that time、Great influence。On the other hand，bet365 champions league was also an important issue faced by the late Qing government，Also uses "school funds" as the keyword，Search in the full-text database of Ai Rusheng's "Records of the Ming and Qing Dynasties"，In Guangxu、Appeared 71 times in Xuantong period，And they are all from related memorials、Edict, etc.。Visible，Raising education funds was an important government affairs in the late Qing Dynasty。

In the field of modern Chinese bet365 champions league history that has achieved numerous results，The views of scholars mostly focus on the abolition of imperial examinations and social transformation、School construction and talent training、School system construction and educational transformation, etc.，relatively speaking，Pay less attention to the issue of school funding in the late Qing Dynasty，Relevant research is lagging behind。The author of this book has been engaged in long-term research on the history of modern Chinese universities，Notice that in contrast to the pivotal significance of “educational finance” in the late Qing Dynasty, its research status is very weak，Even close to blank。It’s not hard to see，This study reflects the academic issues discovered by the author、A keen eye for seizing research opportunities。

This book is not a systematic examination and comprehensive review of the funding for running schools in the late Qing Dynasty.，But focus on studying the origin of bet365 champions league in this period。The author mainly examines the transformation of traditional education funds during the period when imperial examinations and schools were co-established in the late Qing Dynasty、The disposal and whereabouts of traditional funds after the abolition of the imperial examination、The formation and hierarchy of bet365 champions league in the late Qing Dynasty、Education funding preparation in the fiscal budget system in the late Qing Dynasty、The relationship between the Capital University and the central bet365 champions league in the late Qing Dynasty、The dispute over provincial boundaries and school quota caused by the funding of Sanjiang (Liangjiang) Normal School，As well as issues such as the disposal of public funds and property during the establishment of schools in the late Qing Dynasty。

　　bet365 champions league, have a strong awareness of problems.bet365 champions league is first and foremost a government undertaking，And focus on the central government；The second is a fiscal behavior of the government，Instant financing、Transfer、Use related funds；Last，The purpose of these funds is to establish educational undertakings。Follow this idea，It can be deduced that the research on bet365 champions league can at least include five aspects: "government finance", "educational funding", "educational affairs", "educational management" and "educational effectiveness"，The first three are especially the core。

This idea is better reflected in this book。The whole book focuses on the transformation of education funding，From the perspective of national finance，Expand discussion。While education was undergoing transformation in the late Qing Dynasty，With the changes in the national financial system，This creates a dynamic interweaving of multiple relationships around bet365 champions league。This complex three-dimensional network of relationships，It is difficult to deal with in the process of writing and discussing。The author did not write this as a general history of bet365 champions league in the late Qing Dynasty，Instead, it focuses on “the origin of modern bet365 champions league in China”，From different stages、Using different examples to depict some important historical joints，Thus outlines the education and finance during this period、Education and Society、Multiple transformations and interactions in the relationship between education and politics。

This book focuses on the “big issues” of bet365 champions league in the late Qing Dynasty，Start the discussion from a few "small issues"，Exemplifies "solving small problems，Contemplate big issues" or "Look at the big picture，The research method of "writing in small places"。Each chapter in the book is a thesis，Published in corresponding academic journals。Suffice it to say as far as a single issue is concerned，The author has conducted quite in-depth research。These small issues revolve around the layout of "The Origin of Educational Finance in the Late Qing Dynasty"，Thus the central issue of the book has been better explained and commented on in several aspects。

China’s modern bet365 champions league as the origin stage，There are naturally many transitional transformations、Adaptive transformation and new creation。These issues can be discussed together，Unavoidable loss of space。The author narrates through a large number of actual cases in the text，Shows the battle of ideas caused by the process of educational transformation and financial transformation、Struggle for Rights、Local dispute，And mechanism confrontation、Faction conflicts, etc.，Thus making the history of education、The social aspect of fiscal history research is well presented。

　　Third, make better use of interdisciplinary bet365 champions league methods.As a special history work of the bet365 champions league，The author of this book is giving full play to his exploration skills、On the basis of examination and analysis ability，Better use of interdisciplinary perspectives and methods。When he is describing facts and events，Pay more attention to events、The actual state of things；While narrating events、On the occasion of the incident，It can also highlight the activities and demands of the parties and participants，This gives the book an extra "humanistic" color。

Personnel disputes over funding in the education sector in the late Qing Dynasty，Closely related to the country’s political changes and political characteristics，Education system reform、Educational financial construction is one of the results of national political behavior。Although previous treatises on the history of education were indispensable, they must have considered political and social history，But the degree of integration is limited。The author of this book uses the perspective of "bet365 champions league"，Connect education with the country、Society is organically integrated，Achieved good results in interdisciplinary research and writing on the history of education。This kind of thinking also helps to deepen the understanding of some historical issues。For example，The book discusses the relationship between the Capital University and the transformation of the central education management system and the formation of bet365 champions league in the late Qing Dynasty，Sanjiang (Liangjiang) Normal School and Ning、Su、Anhui、Discussions on the disputes over ownership in Jiangxi and other provinces，There are a lot of new ideas and opinions，It helps to expand readers’ understanding of the history of modern education in China、Cognitive perspective of educational social history research。

Although this book has high academic value，But there are some shortcomings。The core issue of this book, "bet365 champions league", is a professional field，Has its own specific content composition and research paradigm。Although the book conducts some thematic investigations，There is a lot of emphasis on balancing the relationship between "education" and "finance"，But the analysis of “bet365 champions league” itself，In particular, there has been limited discussion of “bet365 champions league” as a whole。In the conclusion, the author of the book proposed "three levels of educational finance research in the late Qing Dynasty"，i.e. "politics、System and Technology”，Indicates that he continues to think about better ways to write the history of bet365 champions league，Looking forward to the continuous release of its follow-up results。

(Author’s unit: Research Center for the History bet365 champions league Republic of China, Nanjing University)