Late Qing Dynasty in various undertakings，The difficulty of raising education for education can be imagined。In the late Qing Dynasty, because of the need to cope with the continuous impact of Western Xue and Xili，The necessity and urgency of establishing a new school school is increasing。Compared with the traditional private school，Schools have become the main undertakers of modern education，Its preparation and management become government behavior to a large extent，Of course, social strength is also very important。But no matter how to build it，Funding is premise，From this cut in research，Naturally, it can be "new" or "retrace" many historical problems，helps to expand and deepen related academic cognition。Because of this，Jiang Baolin's "The Origin of the Education Finance in the late Qing Dynasty and modern Chinese education" (Social Science Literature Publishing House 2021) has attracted widespread attention。

　　Bet365 lotto review Education finance is an important social problem in the late Qing Dynasty。In the full text database of Ai Ru Sheng，Taking the "school funding" as the keyword to retrieve the full text，A total of 1704 results were obtained，and there are very few advertisements，Most of the news news，It is not difficult to explain that the "school funding" was involved in the Guang、The big influence。On the other hand，Education finance is also an important issue facing the government in the late Qing Dynasty，Also with "school funds" as the keyword，Retore in the full -text database of "Ming and Qing Lami" in Ai Ru Sheng，in Guangxu、A total of 71 times appeared during the Xuantong period，And all self -related playing sparse、等 等。Visible，Raising education funds is an important government affairs in the late Qing Dynasty。

In the field of modern education in modern Chinese education in the history of modern education in China，Scholars' viewpoints are concentrated in abolition of imperial examinations and social transformations、School Construction and Talent Training、The construction of academic system construction and education transformation，Relatively speaking，Few attention to the problem of funding for late Qing Dynasty，Related research is lagging。The author of the book has been engaged in the history of modern Chinese university for a long time，Note that it is a greater contrast with the hub of "education finance" in the late Qing Dynasty. The research status is very weak，Even near blank。It is not difficult to see，This study reflects the author's discovery of academic problems、Grasp the keen vision of research opportunities。

This book is not a systematic inspection and comprehensive sorting out of the system for running schools in the late fresh school，Instead, it focuses on studying the start of education finance during bet365 Play online games this period。The author mainly inspects the conversion of traditional educational funds in the late Qing Dynasty and the school in the late Qing Dynasty、Disposal and whereabouts of traditional funds after the imperial examination stops、The formation of education in the late Qing Dynasty and its hierarchy、Educational funding for educational funds in the financial budget system in the late Qing Dynasty、The relationship between Jingshi University Hall and the Central Education Finance in the late Qing Dynasty、Sanjiang (Liangjiang) Normal School of the Provincial Boundary and Points of the Provincial Boundary and Points，and the disposal of public funds and public property during the late Qing Dynasty。

　　Second, has a strong sense of problem.Education finance is first of all a government cause，and focus on the central government; followed by a government’s financial behavior，、Dial、Use related funds; finally，The purpose of these funds is to set up education。Following this，When you can deduce the research on education finance, at least five aspects: "government finance", "education funding", "educational management", "education management" and "education effectiveness"，Among them, the previous three items are the core。

This idea gets a good manifestation in this book。The whole book revolves around the transformation of education funds，Cut in from the national financial level，Expand。The late Qing Dynasty is in the transformation of education，Along with the change bet365 best casino games of the national fiscal system，This generates a dynamic interweaving around the multiple relationships around education and finance。This complex three -dimensional relationship network，It is difficult to deal with it during the text discussions。The author did not write the history of the education finance of the late Qing Dynasty，but focused on "the origin of modern Chinese education finance"，From different stages、Different examples have described some important historical joints，to outline this period of education and finance、Education and Society、Multiple transformation and interaction of the relationship between education and politics。

The book revolves around the "big problem" of education finance in the late Qing Dynasty，Cut into the discussion from several "small problems"，Reflected "solving small problems，Observation big problem "or" focus on the big place，Small places "。Each chapter in the book is a special paper，Published in the corresponding academic journal。It shows that in terms of a single problem，The author has quite profound research。And these small problems revolved around the "Origin of the Late Qing Education Finance" layout，Therefore, the central topic of the book has been better explained and commented on several aspects。

Modern Education Finance of China as the origin of the origin，Naturally, there are many transitional conversion、Adaptive transformation and new creation。These issues are all discussed，It is inevitable to lose it in emptiness。Author'Bet365 lotto review s narrative through a large number of actual cases in the text，Show the conceptual dispute caused by education transformation and fiscal transformation、dispute over equity、Local dispute，and mechanism confrontation、faction conflict, etc.，so as to make the history of education、The social phase of the research of fiscal history is well present。

　　Third, use cross -disciplinary research methods better.As a special history of the late Qing Dynasty，The author of the book is giving full play to its exploration hook and sinking、Based on the ability of identification and evaluation，A well -blending of cross -disciplinary vision and method。When he is described by facts and affairs，Pay attention to the incident、Reality of the matter; while describing the event、At the time of the matter，can also highlight the activities and demands of the parties and participants，This makes the book an additional "human culture" color。

Personnel disputes around the education industry in the late Qing Dynasty，Correct relationship with national political changes and political affairs，Changes in the education system、Education and financial construction is one of the results of national political behavior。History of Education in the past, although the view of political and social history is indispensable，Dan's integrated extent for melting and interoperability。The author of the book uses the perspective of "education finance"，Education and the country、Social integrates together，Good effects of the research bet365 live casino games and writing of interdisciplinary research and writing of educational history。This idea also helps deepen the understanding of some historical issues。For example，The relationship between Jingshi University and the transformation of the central education management system in the late Qing Dynasty and the formation of educational finance，Sanjiang (Liangjiang) Normal School and Ning、Su、Anhui、Discussion on the dispute over the ownership of the provinces and regions of the Ganzi，quite a lot of new opinions and new opinions，helps to expand readers for the history of modern Chinese education、Cognitive vision of education social history research。

Although the book has high academic value，But there are some shortcomings。The core issue of the book "Education Finance" is a professional field，own specific content composition and research paradigm。Although the book has conducted some special inspections，There are quite a lot of ink in terms of the relationship between "education" and "finance"，But the analysis of the "education finance" itself，Especially the discussion of "education finance" as a whole is more limited。The author of the book proposes "three levels of the financial research in the end of the Qing Dynasty" in the conclusion，"Politics、System and Technology "，Explain that he is still thinking about the better writing method of educational financial history，Looking forward to its subsequent results continuously launch。

(Author Unit: The History Research Center of the bet365 best casino games Republic of China of Nanjing University)