April 8-9，The "14th Annual Conference bet365 offer Chinese Society of Tang History and the Academic Seminar on 'The Central Plains and the Four Directions in the Sui, Tang and Five Dynasties'" jointly sponsored by the Chinese Tang History Society and Henan University was held in Kaifeng City, Henan Province。The participating scholars analyzed the politics bet365 offer time、Economy、Society、Discussion on culture and other issues，Shows new perspectives and methods of historical research。

1st，Political history research becomes more refined。The participating scholars are based on the investigation bet365 offer details bet365 offer operation bet365 offer political system bet365 offer Tang Dynasty，Proposed new thinking on some traditional opinions in the study of political history。Meng Xianshi, a professor at the School of History at Renmin University of China, analyzed the royal speech system bet365 offer Tang Dynasty，Considering that the imperial edict as Wang Yan is the crystallization bet365 offer collective wisdom bet365 offer imperial court，Not the emperor’s personal will，It is one-sided to understand ancient imperial power only as the personal power bet365 offer emperor。

Regarding the changes in policies of Tang Xuanzong and Tang Wuzong，People in the Song Dynasty often regard "rebellion against Huichang's policy" as the main feature of Xuanzong's governance in China。Analysis by Li Jun, Professor bet365 offer School of History at Northwest University，Although Xuanzong made some changes to the policies during the Huichang period，But it did not reach the level of "rebellion"，Even promoted some plans that Wu Zong had not yet completed on some issues。

In view bet365 offer changes in sex labor before and after the implementation bet365 offer "Two Taxes Law" in the Tang Dynasty，Wu Shuguo, a professor at the School of Social History of Fujian Normal University thinks，The sex service system was continued to a certain extent in the late Tang Dynasty。But after two taxes and three points，The control bet365 offer war is transferred from the central to the local government，The actual operation of sex labor in local areas gave rise to the shift to the sex labor system，Finally laid the foundation for the formation bet365 offer service system in the Song Dynasty。

A series of major events during the Sui, Tang and Five Dynasties periods and the related politics behind them、Society、Military and border issues are hot topics in the study of Tang history。Wei Mingkong, a researcher at the Institute of Economics bet365 offer Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, talks about experience and lessons，Analyzed the socio-economic characteristics bet365 offer Sui Dynasty。Professor Li Hongbin bet365 offer School of History and Culture of Minzu University of China noted，After the Anshi Rebellion broke the political structure bet365 offer Tang Dynasty，It also caused severe damage to the social structure，One bet365 offer prominent trends is the separation between regions and the tendency of regionalization of social classes。This is particularly obvious in the Heshuo area，In the late Tang Dynasty, there was a unique phenomenon of localization of military town members in Youzhou Town。

Discovery and arrangement of new epitaph materials，To deepen topics that have received less attention in the field of political history in the past。Professor Du Wenyu bet365 offer School of History and Culture of Shaanxi Normal University uses newly discovered epitaph materials，The structure of general groups during the Five Dynasties period、Jurisdiction、Changes in authority and the town’s official system、The status bet365 offer town general was systematically verified and analyzed。Liu Qinli, a researcher at the Institute of Ancient History, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, combined unearthed cultural relics and traditional documents，Investigating the shape bet365 offer virtue and political stele in the Tang Dynasty，believes that the Tang Dynasty virtue and political stele as a commendation for political achievements has unique norms and strong regional characteristics。

Second，Spatial connection and cultural integration。Zhang Xuefeng, a professor at the School of History at Nanjing University, thinks，The impact bet365 offer Sui and Tang Canals on Guanzhong, the core area of ​​traditional Chinese culture、In terms of Central Plains，implies that the Southeast Canal leads to the river and the sea，And thereby communicate the meaning bet365 offer new world。Professor Geng Yuanli bet365 offer School of History and Culture of Henan University also noticed，The two core words "Central Plains" and "Jiangnan" were used after the Tang Dynasty，It has become a representative concept of Chinese culture (Chinese culture)。As for the evolution of Jiangnan’s integration into Chinese culture，Need detailed description and analysis。

Some major historical events have also brought about subtle changes in the political pattern and spatial significance。Since ancient times，Luoyang’s political and economic status are extremely important，There was the Eastern Capital in the Tang Dynasty、Tokyo and other titles。However，In the newly unearthed area of ​​Luoyang, the political center during An Lushan's reign, the title of Luoyang "Zhongdu" that has not been recorded in the handed down documents。Professor Mao Yangguang bet365 offer School of History and Culture of Luoyang Normal University thinks，The renaming of Luoyang during this period had special political significance。

The exchanges between the Central Plains and the Central Asian world tend to be frequent，Not only reflected in the literature，It is also reflected in the large number of cultural relics unearthed by archeology。Professor Yang Jin bet365 offer School of History and Culture of Shaanxi Normal University thinks，The image bet365 offer robe in the tombs bet365 offer Sui and Tang Dynasties in Henan reflects the process of communication, exchange and integration of multiple cultures in the cultural evolution bet365 offer unified culture from the Northern Dynasties to the Sui and Tang Dynasties。A large number of literature records about the Western Regions are due to the changes bet365 offer times，It is difficult to check。For example, the "Cajuza Kingdom" mentioned in "The Records bet365 offer Western Regions bet365 offer Tang Dynasty"，There is a lot of controversy in academia。Feng Peihong, a professor at the School of History at Zhejiang University, believes that，This country is the "Cao Kingdom" recorded in the "Biography bet365 offer Western Regions" in "Book of Sui" and "History bet365 offer North"，A member of Sogdia in the Sui Dynasty，The suzerain country is Kang State，Reflects the changes in the situation and ethnic migration in Central Asia during the Sui Dynasty。

Zhang Anfu, Professor of History Department of Shanghai University, believes，The influence bet365 offer Tang Dynasty as a global empire is closely related to the successful management bet365 offer Western Regions and the high importance of information intelligence on the Western Tianshan Corridor, where Eurasian civilizations meet，Building diversity from the central to the western regions、Three-dimensional information dissemination network，Formulate appropriate governance strategies for the Western Region。Professor Bai Genxing bet365 offer School of History and Culture of Shaanxi Normal University based on the stone inscriptions discovered in China、Epitaph and other historical materials，Discuss the different appearances and characteristics bet365 offer times in the interaction with Silla during the Tang and Five Dynasties。The transportation history bet365 offer Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms under the form of local political separatism is a relatively weak link in the study of transportation history in each period。Hu Yaofei, associate professor bet365 offer School of History and Culture of Shaanxi Normal University, used relevant historical materials to analyze land transportation during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period、Inland waterway shipping、Marine transportation and other matters have been systematically verified。

　Third，Combining micro research and macro theory。Calligraphy culture reached its peak in the Tang Dynasty，Not only many famous calligraphers have emerged，And many calligraphy families have been formed。Professor Jie Yongqiang bet365 offer School of History and Culture of Shaanxi Normal University thinks，The formation of a calligraphy family in the Tang Dynasty，It is closely related to the era of hand-written writing with brushes，It is also closely related to the social environment in which calligraphy was favored in the Tang Dynasty。Calligraphy was a family skill generally valued by the gentry in the Tang Dynasty，The early Tang Dynasty was the most prosperous，To the middle and late Tang Dynasty，Menfeng wasted，Family education is scattered，The calligraphy family gradually declined。Academic circles generally believe that，Academy as the main place of education in ancient China，Originated in the middle and late Tang Dynasty。Professor Jia Fayi bet365 offer School of History and Culture of Shanxi University further verified that，The academies that emerged in the mid-Tang Dynasty had the functions of collecting books and teaching，Played a unique role in cultural communication，In turn, it promoted the development and theoretical improvement of Confucianism in the Song Dynasty。

Zhang Jianguang, professor bet365 offer School of Humanities of Shanghai Normal University, examined the life styles bet365 offer Tang and Five Dynasties from the perspective of medical history。He noticed，During this period, urban people basically formed the concept of "seeking a doctor and taking medicine when you are sick"，This is related to the strong promotion bet365 offer government and scholar-officials at that time，It is also related to the convenience of selling medicinal materials in the city and the improvement of medicinal material refining technology，Reflects the improvement of people’s quality of life。

The history bet365 offer Sui, Tang, and Five Dynasties has formed a profound academic accumulation in the study of chronological history in my country，And continue to prosper。Professor Liu Yufeng bet365 offer School of History and Culture of Shandong University thinks，Since the late 19th and early 20th centuries，With the emergence and development bet365 offer discipline of modern history, especially Marxist historical science，Chinese and foreign academic circles go beyond traditional history，Focus on development、Analysis bet365 offer historical development process from a connected perspective，Began to comprehensively study the state system and social structure bet365 offer Tang Dynasty，In this way, we can reveal the social form and nature bet365 offer historical development bet365 offer Tang Dynasty。

　After the 1990s，With the application of new theoretical methods and the discovery of new data，Grassroots society in ancient China has become a popular topic in historical research。Professor Gu Geng bet365 offer School of History and Culture of Hebei Normal University thinks，Based on the existing representative research results，All have theoretical guidance、Comprehensive historical data、Solid argument、The advantages of faithful conclusion，Basically reflects the highest level of grassroots governance at each stage，But more specialization than generality，Sufficient chronology but insufficient general history。Therefore，There is an urgent need to strengthen general historical research on grassroots governance in ancient China that focuses on the changes in systems and operating mechanisms。The older generation of scholars have conducted useful explorations in the study of chronological history。Wang Chengwen, professor bet365 offer Department of History at Sun Yat-sen University, thinks，Wu Zongguo, the late professor bet365 offer Department of History at Peking University, formed a series of coherent understandings of social changes in medieval times and the history bet365 offer Sui and Tang Dynasties，Reflects the profound theoretical thinking bet365 offer older generation of historians。On the one hand，We must study history from the perspective of development, change and interconnectedness；On the other hand，We must grasp the development of history from the long-term and overall perspective of China's historical development。

In the forum summary，Scholars attending the meeting think，Future research on the bet365 offer of Sui, Tang and Five Dynasties needs to focus on details、Microscopic、Start with specific research，And combined with macro theoretical thinking，Making continuous contributions to the continuous deepening of research on ancient Chinese civilization。

　(Author’s unit: bet365 offer Social Sciences Magazine)