The "bet365 coupon code of Xuanhe's Envoys" (hereinafter referred to as the "Goryeo Illustrated Book") compiled by Xu Jing of the Song Dynasty is a study of Goryeo politics in the 12th century、Economy、Social fashion、Important historical materials on history, culture and the relationship between the Song Dynasty and Goryeo (referred to as "Songli")，Has always been valued by the academic community。Different versions of "bet365 coupon code"、Many errors，To a certain extent, it limits scholars’ use of this historical record。Currently，The earlier version of the "bet365 coupon code" circulated was the engraving of the third year of Qiandao in Song Dynasty (1167)。The more complete version is the one printed in the 58th year of Qianlong’s reign in the Qing Dynasty (1793)。Bao Tingbo, a bibliophile in the Qing Dynasty, used the "bet365 coupon code" in his family collection as the base，Absorbed the collation results of Hu Xiake, a bibliophile in the Qing Dynasty，Also edited the edition published by Haiyan Zheng Xiuzhong in the late Ming Dynasty，Included in the famous "Zhiyu Zhaiben"，Worldly known as Baobao edition。Chinese scholar Wang Wenchu、Qi Qingfu、Sun Xiguo and others have done a more in-depth study on the "bet365 coupon code"。In recent years，Japanese scholar Morihira Masahiko combines documentary records and field investigations，Using the "bet365 coupon code" to research and restore the Songli sea route；Korean scholar Li Zhenhan also annotated and researched the "Korean Illustrated Book"。Domestic and foreign scholars work together，Made important contributions to the study of "bet365 coupon code"。This year，It is the 900th anniversary of Xu Jing’s mission to Korea，The "bet365 coupon code" compiled by him has also become a precious legacy for the study of Songli Maritime Silk Road，Deserves further attention and research。

Xu Jing and the compilation of "Korean bet365 coupon code Classics"

Xu Jing (1091-1153)，Uncle Ming，His place of origin，According to "Xingzhi", he is from Ouning, Jianzhou，However, according to the "General Catalog of Sikuquanshu" quoted from "Tongkao of Literature", it is called a person from Liyang in Hezhou，"Si Ling Han Mo Zhi" also known as "Xinzhou Xu Jing"。Actually，Jianzhou Ouning is his ancestral home，Later moved to Liyang, Hezhou，Moved to Yiyang, Xinzhou after the Jingkang Incident。Xu Jing called himself Xinzhou layman in his later years，But failed in the imperial examinations。Fourth year of Zhenghe (1114)，Xu Jing entered the official position with kindness，Successive local officials。He was a famous seal script master during the two Song Dynasties，Not only Song Huizong praised his calligraphy，Even if Emperor Gaozong of the Song Dynasty made a lot of criticisms about calligraphy at that time，But when it comes to seal script，Also believes that "Xu Jing is the only one in Xinzhou"，Many admirers of his calligraphy achievements。Because of Xu Jing’s calligraphy talent，Provided conditions for his mission to bet365 coupon code。With the frequent cultural exchanges between Song and Li，Goryeo admired the calligraphy skills of the Song Dynasty，Goryeo Yejong specially ordered the establishment of Cheonjang Pavilion in the palace，Used to collect the calligraphy treasures of Song Huizong。Fourth year of Xuanhe (1122)，Korean envoy Jin Fuzhe and others came to bet365 coupon code，I hope that when the Song Dynasty sends envoys to Goryeo, they can send "people who can write" to accompany them。Therefore，Xu Jing, who was good at calligraphy, became one of the candidates for the Song Dynasty mission to bet365 coupon code。

May of the fifth year of Xuanhe，In the Song Dynasty, Yundi was given the opportunity to do things in the middle of the road、Fu Moqing from Zhongshushe is the official、Deputy Guoxin’s envoy to Korea，Xu Jing accompanies the mission to Korea as a gift officer of men and ships appointed by Guoxin。When Xu Jing and his entourage were envoys to Korea，Coinciding with the death of Goryeo Yejong，Xu Jing and his party arrived in Korea as ambassadors of condolences，To condolence Goryeo Yeejong。After returning to China，The sixth year of Xuanhe，Xu Jing based on what he saw and heard during his stay in Korea for about a month，"Everything has its shape"，Things are told as they are” (Preface to the Korean Illustrations)，Volume 1 of "Zhiyu Zhaiben") wrote the "bet365 coupon code" with rich pictures and texts，Forty volumes in total，Twenty-eight gates。After the "bet365 coupon code" was compiled，Preface to August of the sixth year of Xuanhe。Huizong’s great joy，Order Xu Jing to issue an imperial edict to the Bian Palace，Gitong was born as a Jinshi，Knowing the affairs of Dazong Zhengcheng，Concurrently in charge of calligraphy。But not long，Wang Fu dismissed as prime minister，Xu Jing was demoted to Chizhou Yongfeng Prison because he was implicated on suspicion of being a relative。Jingkang Nandu，Xu Jing became an official by honoring his ancestral hall。Twenty-three years of Shaoxing (1153)，Xu Jing passed away，Sixty-three years old。

　bet365 coupon code content and compilation style

"Koryeo Illustrated Book" comprehensively and systematically records the laws and regulations of the Goryeo Dynasty、Economic and social development status and social religion、Folk culture and customs, etc.，These are all first-hand records of Xu Jing’s personal observations while living in bet365 coupon code，The historical data is extremely valuable，Among them, the discussion of maritime transportation in Mingzhou (Ningbo, Zhejiang) and Songli takes up the most space，Volume 34 to Volume 39 "Sea Road" contains the route itinerary from Myeongju to Goryeo Yeseonggang Bilanjeong (today's west coast of Kaesong)、Lots of records have been made on geographical location and navigation technology，Provides precious first-hand information for the study of Songli Maritime Silk Road。

"bet365 coupon code" is divided into forty volumes、Twenty-eight gates、Hundreds of articles: Volume 1, Jianguo 1 article；Volume 2, Worlds, 3 Articles；Volume 3, 8 cities and towns；Volume 4 Gate Gate 6 items；Volume 5、Six palaces 13 items；Volume 7, 8 uniforms ；Volume 8, 5 characters；Volume 9、12 ritual objects；Volume 11、Twelve Guards 18；Volume 13 Weapons 8 items；Volume 14, 7 flags；Volume 15, 7 chariots and horses；Volume 16, 6 Official Articles；Volume 17 Ancestral Temple 10 Articles；Volume 18, 1 article on Taoism, 5 articles on Buddhism；Volume 19 Common People 5 Articles；Volume 20, 7 articles on women；Volume 21 Zaoli 7 Articles；Volume 22、Twenty-three miscellaneous customs 16 items；Volume 24, 14 battles；Volume 25, 6 edicts；Volume 26, 10 Yan Rites；Volume 27, Library Buildings 11；Volume 28、Twenty-nine 20 pieces；Volume 30 to 32, 30 utensils；Volume 34 to 39, 46 sea lanes；Volume 40, 4 articles in the same text。Because most of the contents of "bet365 coupon code" written by Xu Jing have been heard and seen，So it is rich in content，On the laws and regulations of the Korean Peninsula during the Goryeo Dynasty、Economy、Society、Military、Geography、Character、Customs、There are extensive records of culture and so on，In fact, it is a study of the social politics of the Korean Peninsula in the 12th century、First-hand information on economy, history and culture，For the history of Goryeo、It is of important historical value for the study of Song, Liao, Jin and Yuan history as well as East Asian regional history。

The compilation style of "bet365 coupon code"，Scholars mostly classify it as geography or documentation。"Zhongshu Zonglu" listed it in the category of Chinese and foreign miscellaneous notes。Because it is a record of Chinese and foreign envoys，Analysis from its content and subject matter，It is more appropriate to include it in the category of Chinese and foreign miscellaneous notes in "Zhongshu Zonglu"。Because some of its contents are excerpts from previous records，For example, Volume 1 "Jianguo" says: "I would like to review all the histories，Preface to the kings of past dynasties，”There are also supplements and research on previous records。Of course，Most of the content in "Koryo Illustrated Book" is what Xu Jing saw and heard during his more than one month in Korea and the records of his envoys going back and forth。He uses pictures as latitude、Explanation using scriptures as pictures，What I saw and heard while serving as the envoy to Goryeo，Jufan mountains, rivers and other natural environments、Social customs、Rules and regulations, Korean culture and art, etc.，Record more。But unfortunately，The illustrations in the "Korean Illustrated Book" were lost in many copies。

　Records about ocean routes in the bet365 coupon code

Songli Maritime Silk Road has experienced two stages of changes，Taking the fourth year of Xining (1071), Shenzong of the Song Dynasty as the boundary，The changes in the route that passed through the northern Shandong Peninsula from Dengju (today's Penglai, Shandong) to Goryeo Ongjin (today's southwest of Haeju, North Korea) and from Myeongju to Goryeo Yeseonggang Bilanteong (today's west coast of Kaesong)。The "bet365 coupon code" mainly records the Mingzhou sea route between Song and Li after the fifth year of Xining，That is, the main route from Myeongju to Goryeo Seonggang Bilanjeong (today’s west coast of Kaesong)。About the specific routes and route mileage on the Songli Sea，Volume 34 to 39 of "bet365 coupon code" "Haidao" was systemized、Clear record。

Songli Sea Route Departs from Mingzhou，Arrive at Dinghai (now Zhenhai County)，It contains "The Shenzhou Invention State on the 16th day of the 5th year of Xuanhe's reign in the Song Dynasty"，On the 19th, Xin did not reach Dinghai County" ("bet365 coupon code" Volume 34 "Haidao 1")，Crossing Hutou Mountain (now Northeast Tiger Crouching Mountain in Zhaobaoshan, Zhenhai County)，East to Changguo County (now Dinghai County)、Shenjiamen、Mezen，Also known as Butuo Luojia Mountain in Song Dynasty，Now Putuo Mountain，Going to sea since then，Into the White Water Ocean、Huang Shuiyang、Black Water Ocean，Jingjiajie Mountain，Also known as Ancient Five Islands，“Looking eastwards, a mountain looks like a screen，That is, Jiajie Mountain，Korea takes this as the boundary” ("bet365 coupon code" Volume 35 "Haidao 2")。The southwest of Wuyu Island is Xiaoheishan Island，The habitable island；Crossing Baishan Mountain，Mr. Wang Wenchu ​​identified it as Buckwheat Island in the southeast of present-day Daheishan Island，It is also said that the records in Xu Jing's "bet365 coupon code" are incorrect，Wang said that “it is recorded in the Korean Illustrations”，Cross Baishan first，Later to Montenegro，The same book also records the return of Xu Jing and others，‘Go to Montenegro early，Visited Baishan Mountain’，The Black Mountain is in the north，White Mountain in the South。There is Buckwheat Island in the southeast of today’s Daheishan Island，Just along the route，Gai Yes。"bet365 coupon code" says under the Black Mountain: 'The Black Mountain is southeast of the White Mountain'，Not consistent with the sea route，Dang Wrong，It may be an error that "White Mountain is southeast of Black Mountain"。" (Wang Wenchu: "A Preliminary Study on the Maritime Routes of the Two Song Dynasties and Goryeo"，Contained in "Ancient Transportation Geography Series"，Zhonghua Book Company 1996 edition，Page 37)

However，Japanese scholar Masahiko Morihira believed that the "White Mountain" recorded by Xu Jing was recorded after on-the-spot investigation，Today’s Hongdao，Also known as Hongyi Island during the Joseon Dynasty，It is about 18 kilometers northwest of Heishan Island，The coastline is surrounded by towering cliffs，It is just like what Xu Jing said "continuous as a city"，The silica rock exposed on its cliff、The sandstone shines like white jade in the sunlight，Hence the name Hakusan (edited by Masahiko Morihira: "Communications between the Korean Peninsula and the Sea in Middle and Modern Times"，Jigu Academy 25th Edition，Page 16)。Although Gai Wang noticed that the "bet365 coupon code" related to the route and voyage of Black Mountain and White Mountain，However, the record of the shape of Baishan in Xu Jing's "bet365 coupon code" was ignored: the "White Mountain" clause said: "It was afternoon，Looking northeast to see a huge mountain，Lian Genru City。Where the sun shines，It’s as white as jade。Weihoufengzuo，The boat travels very fast。” (Volume 35 of "bet365 coupon code" "Haidao 2") and Buckwheat Island，It’s just a cone-shaped island about one kilometer around，Obviously inconsistent with its city-like shape of Baishan Island，Therefore Xu Jing’s record is correct，Wang is really wrong。

The mission arrived from Baishan to Montenegro，Today’s Daheishan Island, South bet365 coupon code，It is the hub of Songli Maritime Silk Road South，Ship stopover place；After passing Heishan Island，Go north along the coast of the mountains and islands，Arrived at Ziyan Island，For today’s Yeongjong Island in the west of Incheon；To Jishuimen Waterway，Enter Licheng Port，Landing at Bilan Pavilion，Then arrive at Kaesong, the capital of Goryeo, by land。Bi Lan Pavilion，The east bank of the Licheng River in the west of Kaicheng today，Ships disembark here，Go to Kaicheng。From Song Shenzong Xining to Southern Song Dynasty，The sea route between Song and Li passes through this road。If you take advantage of the monsoon，Arrived in five or six days。

　　Records of marine knowledge in the bet365 coupon code

Xu Jing’s "bet365 coupon code" also records the climate changes on the Song-Li route、Ocean tides and compass navigation applications, etc.，The size and shipbuilding technology of the official and passenger ships used by the Song Dynasty as envoys to Goryeo were also clearly recorded，Not only reflects the progress of navigation technology in the Song Dynasty，It also greatly enriched and enriched the connotation of Songli Maritime Silk Road。Ruji Ocean Tides，"The sea water overflows and becomes a tide，The air descends and the ground floats，The sea water shrinks and becomes a tidal wave，Counting the days and twelve hours，From Zi to Si，The Qi is Yang，And Yang Qi，It has its own rise and fall，To bring luck to the day。From noon to Hai，The Qi is Yin，And Yin Qi，It has its own rise and fall，To bring luck to the night。One day and one night，Combining the yin and yang energy，Everything rises and falls again，So in one day，The tides will all come again" (Volume 34 of "bet365 coupon code" "Haidao 1")。

The official boat used by the Song Dynasty as envoy to Goryeo was called "Shenzhou"，Magnificent scale，Amazing Goryeo。The "Shenzhou" article states: "I heard that Emperor Shenzong sent an envoy to Korea，Tangzhao Yousi built a giant ship 2: One said: Lingxu Zhiyuan Anji Shenzhou；The second day of Lingfei Shunji Shenzhou，Extremely large scale。The emperor’s heir is filial piety，Thinking about it will benefit the beauty，Achievements in promoting Xifeng，Love since Chongning till now。Recommended to Suifu，Enlong and courtesy，There is still an edict，Moreover, two boats were built and their systems were greatly improved and their names were added: One is called Dingxinli involving Huaiyuan Kangji Shenzhou；Second Day: Xunliu Yitongji Shenzhou，Stunning as a mountain，Floating wave，Jinfan hawk head，Submission Jiao Chi，So Huihe Huanghua，Shock overseas，Super champion in modern and ancient times，It is the day when Yili people welcome the imperial edict，The overwhelming view，And cheer and sigh。"("bet365 coupon code" Volume 34 "Haidao 1")

"Koryeo Illustrated Book" also clearly records the use of the compass on the Songli route，"It is uninhabitable in the night ocean，dimensional vision star，Step forward as if it’s dark，Use a compass needle as a precaution，To control the north and the south" ("bet365 coupon code" Volume 34 "Haidao 1")。Visible，The "bet365 coupon code" records relevant routes, the size of Song Dynasty official ships, and navigation technology，Leaved extremely precious information for a comprehensive and in-depth study of the Song-Li Maritime Silk Road。

　　Marine Economic and bet365 coupon code Exchange

10th to 13th centuries，The maritime merchants active in East Asian waters were mainly Song Dynasty merchants，To a certain extent, Song Dynasty maritime merchants dominated the order of East Asian waters。Songli trade is also carried out at sea。According to the "bet365 coupon code"，They went north from Mingzhou，Crossing the East China Sea via the estuary of the Huaihe River，Composing、Small fleet went to Goryeo to engage in commercial and trade activities。After arriving in Goryeo，Song Shang under the arrangement of the Ministry of Protocol，Lives in Cheongju, Goryeo、Chungju、Fifth Store、Libin Waiting Hall Yizhong。Trading activities of Song merchants in Goryeo，Except for trade with the Goryeo royal family，Mainly free trade among the private sector。For the private trade conducted by Song merchants，Because there is no unified and fixed market in Goryeo，There is no extraction and taxation system，Only when Song Shang returned to the voyage，Goryeo Supervisory Censor wants to inspect merchant ships，To prevent prohibited items from leaving the country。Except for the Song Dynasty merchants who came to Goryeo to engage in trade，Goryeo merchants, headed by the royal family, also operated maritime trade with China，Mainly attached to the Goryeo mission and carrying Song merchant ships for trade，The main trading products are silver、Bronze、Mother-in-law device、ramie、Satin、Ginseng、Musk、Pine nuts、Medicals and sesame oil、straw mat、Folding fan、pine smoke ink、Wolf Tail Pen、Korea paper、Lacquerware, etc.，In exchange for Chinese tea、Porcelain、Silk fabrics and medicines、Spice、Books、Buddhist utensils、Jade、Woodware、Stationery and other items。

Songli Maritime Silk Road，Not only the exchange of material civilization，It also carries the exchange of humanities and spiritual culture。With the development of Songli sea route，The sea people bet365 coupon code two countries have formed a common religious belief in the sea god，Became an important connotation of Songli Maritime Silk Road during this period，Mainly reflected in the existence of beliefs such as worshiping the Dragon King bet365 coupon code East China Sea and Guanyin worship in both Song and Li countries。

According to Xu Jing's "bet365 coupon code"，The Song Dynasty delegation arrived in Dinghai County，That is, "send envoys in advance、Martial arts master Rong Pengnian built a dojo and wanted to run it for seven days and nights，The Royal Fragrance Still Falling，Blessing Yu Xianren to help Shunyuan Shengguangdewang Temple。The appearance of the divine object，Strong as a lizard，The Dragon Lord of the East Sea" ("Korean Illustrated Book" Volume 34 "Haidao 1")。And Goryeo also has the belief of worshiping the Dragon King of the East China Sea，When Xu Jing and others arrived at Koryo Island，See "On the Hill Near West，There are Five Dragons Temple、Zifu Temple" (Volume 36 of "bet365 coupon code" "Haidao San")，Arrived at the Clam Cave to moor，“The mountain is not very tall，Residences are also common。There is a dragon temple on the ridge of the mountain，The boat people must worship it when going back and forth" ("bet365 coupon code" Volume 39 "Haidao 6")。Clam Cave，Jiachuan in the west of Jishuimen，It is located in the north of Ganghwa Island，Now belongs to Longjin County，It is also the place to worship the Dragon King。Dragon King Lord Wind and Rain、Danger of waves at sea，So sacrifice to the Dragon King of the East China Sea to protect the safety of navigation。again，Xu Jing’s delegation before leaving Putuo Mountain，A grand ceremony to pray to Guanyin Bodhisattva was also held，"Twenty-sixth day of the 19th century，The northwest wind is strong。The envoy led three people to land in Mecen in small boats。Old Cloud: The place where Meizi truly lives and hides。There are traces of footsteps on the stone bridge。In the deep foothills is the Baotuo Courtyard built by Xiao Liang，The temple is inspired by Guanyin...old system，The messenger asks for prayers here。It’s night，Monks are very strict about burning and chanting songs，And the officials and soldiers in the third section，No one should be devout in performing rituals” (Volume 34 of "bet365 coupon code" "Haidao 1")。

So before sailing，Song officials and people must worship Guanyin Bodhisattva to protect their navigation safety。Worship Guanyin on the sea，It is also the belief of Goryeo sea people。Xu Jing recorded the Bodhisattva account of Song Li’s route，This is the island named by the Koreans，It’s the afternoon of the day，Guo Bodhisattva 。The beauty said there was something strange about it，Because of the name” (Volume 36 of "bet365 coupon code" "Haidao 3")。

Visible，Song and Li countries communicated through official and private navigation，Common maritime beliefs such as worshiping the Dragon King bet365 coupon code East China Sea and worshiping Guanyin Bodhisattva have been formed，It has also become an important part bet365 coupon code cultural exchanges between Song and Li on the Maritime Silk Road。

In summary，Records about the Maritime Silk Road between Song and Li in Xu Jing's "bet365 coupon code"，It is an extremely precious historical material for studying the history of the Song Dynasty and the development of the Goryeo Maritime Silk Road，Mingzhou became an important port for maritime trade and cultural exchanges with Goryeo in the Song Dynasty。Songli Maritime Silk Road，Not only reflects Mingzhou’s role as an important port for maritime trade in East Asia，It also reflects the prosperity of maritime trade and maritime cultural exchanges between Song and Li.。

(The author is a professor at the Northeast bet365 coupon code Studies Center of Zhejiang Yuexiu International Studies University)