The "Xuanhe Fengxie Goroluta Sutra" compiled by Xu Xuan in the Song Dynasty (hereinafter referred to as the "Goryto Sutra") is the study of the 12th century Korean politics、Economy、Social Fashion、History and culture and the important historical material of the relationship between the Song Dynasty and Goryeo ("Song Li")，It has always been valued by the academic community。"Korean Sutra" version is different、More errors，To a certain extent, the scholar's use of the historical book。Current，The earlier versions of the "Korean Sutra" are the three years of Songgan Road (1167) engraving。and the relatively complete journal book is the 58th year of the Qing Dynasty (1793) engraving。Bao Tingbo, a library in the Qing Dynasty, used the "Korean Sutra" as a background，absorbed the collation results of Hu Xiake, a bookmaker in the Qing Dynasty，and participate in the school at the end of the Ming Dynasty Haiyan Zhengxiuzhong，The well -known "Knowing Insufficient Zhai Ben"，Calculating abalone version。Chinese scholar Wang Wenchu、Qi Qingfu、Sun Xiguo and others made in -depth research on the "Korean Sutra"。In recent years，Japanese scholar Mori Mori Yahiko combined with literature records and field inspections，Gorolu Scriptures have been used to restore Song Lihai on the road; Korean scholar Li Zhenhan also annotated and verified on the "Korean Sutra"。Scholars at home and abroad work together，I made important contributions to the study of "Korean Sutra"。This year，At the time of the Xu Yan envoy, the 900th anniversary of the Goryeo，The "Korean Sutra" compiled has also become a precious heritage to study the Songli Maritime Silk Road，It deserves further attention and research。

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Xu Yan (1091-1153)，word Ming Shu，Its home origin，According to "Line", it is called Jian Ning from Jianzhou，However, according to the "Four Sku Quanshu" quoted "Literature Test"，"Siling Han Mozhi" is also used as "Xunzhou Xu Yan"。Actually，Jianzhou Yinning is the place of his ancestral home，After that moved to Hezhou Congyang，Jingkang changes to Puyang, Xinzhou。Xu Yan's in his later years, he is named Xinzhou Jushi，But the imperial examinations are repeatedly tried。Zhenghe Four years (1114)，Xu Yan Yien Yin into the Shi，Sui Local Officer。It is the famous script for the two Song Dynasty，Not only did Song Huizong praise his calligraphy，Even if Song Gaozong's theory and calligraphy at that time, there were quite a lot of micro -words，But when it comes to，I also believe that "Weixinzhou Xu Yan"，A praise of its calligraphy achievements。Because of Xu Yan's calligraphy，provides conditions for her envoy。With the frequent cultural exchanges of Song Li，Goryeo appreciates the Song Dynasty's calligraphy Bet365 app download skills，Gaoli Rui Zong specially ordered the setting of Tianzhang Pavilion in the palace，It is used to treasure Song Huizong Mo Bao。Xuanhe Four years (1122)，Goryeo Maskin Jinfu and others came to the DPRK，I hope that the Song Dynasty would send a "Bookman" to travel with the Song Dynasty。So，Xu Yan, who is good at calligraphy, became one of the candidates of the Song Dynasty envoys.。

Xuanhe May May May，The Song Dynasty Yin Di、Fu Moqing of Zhongshu She is positive、Deputy National Letter to make Gaoli，Xu Yan as a gift officer mentioned by the person in the state faith, followed the group to make Gaoli。Xu Yan and his party to make Gauli time，Coincoving the death of Goryeo Ruizong，Xu Yan and his party also served as a Hanging Ambassador to Arrival Gaoli，To comfort Gaoli Ruizong。After returning to China，Xuanhe six years，Xu Yan said what he saw and heard about about a month according to his teasing for about a month，"The shape of the material map，Said the thing "(" Korean Scriptures "，"Knowledge of Faithy" Volume 1) I wrote the Goryo Classic with graphic and text，A total of forty volumes，Back 28 -way。"Korean Sutra" was written after it，Yu Xuanhe's August Six August Preface。Hui Zonglian's Yue，Destiny Xu Yanzheng opposite the palace，Give the junior，Know the Grand Sect，Book of Marshal Book。But shortly，Wang Xun's phase，Xu Yan Yi was suspected of being involved in Chizhou Yongfeng Jian。Jingkang Nandu，Xu Zhe is the official of the ancestral man to the official。Shaoxing 23 years (1153)，Xu Yan's death，Sixty -three years old。

　Main content and compilation system

"Korean Sutra" recorded a comprehensive and systematically recorded the Gaoli Dynasties's generation of chapter system、Economic and social development status and social religion、folk cultural customs, etc.，And the first record of the first -hand records observed when Xu Zhen lived in Korea，The value of its historical materials is extremely high，Among them, the most discussed in Mingzhou (Ningbo, Zhejiang) and Song Li's sea traffic accounted for the most space，Among them, the 34th to the thirty -ninth volume of the "Needo" is a itinerary of the route of the Mingzhou to Gauli Ritual Jiang Bilan Pavilion (now Kaicheng West Coast)、Geographical location and navigation technology have all made a lot of records，It provides precious first -hand information for the study of the Song Li Maritime Silk Road。

"Korean Sutra" is divided into forty volumes、Twenty -eighth door、Hundreds of: Volume 1 to the founding of the country; Volume II 3; Volume 8 of Sanchengyi; Volume 4: Volume 5、13 of the six palaces; 8 volumes seven crowns; 5 people in the eight characters; volume nine、Ten Increases 12; Volume 11、Shifang of Twelve Body Guards; 8 Big Thirteen Weapons; 7 Banners of Fourteen; 7 Volumes Fifteen Cars and Horses; Volume Sixteen Official Mansions; Volume 17 Temples; Volume 18; Volume 18 Taoism 1 is 5; 5 people in the nineteenth people; 7 women bet365 Play online games of twenty women; volume twenty -one soaps 7 articles; volume twenty -two、Twenty -three vulgarity 16; Volume 24 of Section of 14; Volume 25 of 6; Volume 26 of Yanyan; Volume 27 House 11; Volume 20 of Volume Twenty eight、Twenty -nine for 20 pieces; 30 to 32 vessels from volumes; 46 to 34 to 39, 40, 40 in the same article。Due to the content of the "Korean Sutra" written by Xu Yan, most of the content is heard，Therefore, its content is rich，For the Korean Peninsula Code System、Economy、Society、Military、Geography、Character、Customs、Culture, etc. There are a lot of records，It is actually studying the social politics of the Korean Peninsula on the 12th century、First -hand information of economy and history and culture，For Goryeo History、Song, Liao, Jin Yuan history and the history of East Asia have important historical value value。

The compilation system of "Korean Sutra"，Scholars are mostly included in geographical or carrier categories。"Chinese Series Comprehensive Records" will be included in Chinese and foreign miscellaneous categories。Because it is a recording of Chinese and foreign envoys，Analysis from its content and subject matter，"Chinese Series Comprehensive Records" is more appropriate to include it in Chinese and foreign miscellaneous categories。Because the several contents are the previous record of the predecessor，Ruqi 1 "Jianguo" said: "The History of the Ji Ji，Sequence of the King of its previous generations，"also has supplements and research on previous records。Of course，The vast majority of the content of the Goryto Sutra is what Xu Yan has seen and hes and reveals in Goryeo ’s more than a month and the records of worships。He uses the figure as wewei、Explanation of the scripture as a figure，What I saw and heard during the Gauli period，Natural environment such as the mountains and rivers and rivers、Social style、Dianzhang system, Korean culture and art, etc.，record more。But the regrettable is，The map part of the Goryo Sutra is lost in the transmission。

　Records on the Ocean Airlines of the Song Dynasty

The Silk Road on the Song Lihai has undergone changes in the two stages.，Four years (1071) of Song Shenzong Xining (1071)，It has passed the change of routes of Dengzhou (now Penglai, Shandong) to Goryeo (now southwestern Haizhou, Shandong) in the north.。and the "Korean Sutra" mainly records the Mingzhou maritime route between Song Li five years later，It is mainly routed by the Mingzhou Zhili Li Cheng Jiang Bilan Pavilion (now Kaicheng West Coast) route。Specific routes and route mileage on the Song Li Maritime，"Goryto Sutra" Volume 34 to 39 "Needles" for system、Clear records。

Song Lihai on the route departs from Mingzhou，Arrived in Dinghai (now Zhenhai County)，It contains Song Xuan and May of the five years "16th, Wuchen Shenzhou Invention Prefecture，Xin Weida Dinghai County on the 19th "(" "Gorolu Sutra" Volume 34 "Needles 1")，Crossing Huntou Mountain (now Zhenhai County Zhaoba Shan Northeast Tiger squatting mountain)，East to Changguo bet365 Play online games County (now Dinghai County)、Shenjiamen、Meen，The Song Dynasty, also known as Bandu Luoga Mountain，That is Putuo Mountain，Since then, I went to sea，Enter Baishuiyang、Huangshuiyang、Blackwater Ocean，Scripture Mountain，Also known as Gu Guyu，"Looking east to a mountain like a screen，That is Jiajie Mountain，Goryeo uses this as the boundary "(" The Goryu Sutra "Volume 35" Needo 2 ")。Wanyu Southwest is Little Heishan Island，can live in the island; cross Baishan，Mr. Wang Wenchu ​​is approved as a buckwheat island on the southeast of Dahei Mountain Island，and said that Xu Yan's "Korea Sutra" records errors，Wang's "" Goryo Sutra "record，Pass Baishan first，Later to Heishan，The same book records Xu Yan and other returns to the country，‘Early Black Mountain，Over Baishan '‘，Czewa Mountain in North，Baishan in South。Today is the soba island on the southeast of Dahei Mountain Island，Just the line of the route，Cover is。"Korean Sutra" Black Mountain Xiayun: ‘Black Mountain is southeast of Baishan’，It does not match the sea road path，Dangwa，Or is the error of ‘Baishan’ s southeast of Heishan ’。"" (Wang Wenchu: "First Involution of the Song and Goryeo Maritime Airlines"，contains "Ancient Traffic Geographical Congs"，Zhonghua Book Company 1996 edition，p. 37)

But，Japanese scholar Mori Mori Mori Iya believes that Xu Yan recorded the "Baishan" recorded by Xu Yan，When it is the Red Island，The North Korean era is also known as Hongyi Island，It is about 18 kilometers north of Heishan Island，The coastline is surrounded by towering cliffs，It is just like Xu Yan's so -called "Lianya Like City"，Silicon rock revealed by its cliff、Sandstone is shown in the sunlight as white jade，So name Bai Shan (edited by Senping Yahiko: "Communication of the Korean Peninsula and the Sea"，Jigu College Pingcheng Twenty -five Edition，p. 16)。Although the Gaolita Sutra is noticed, the way of the "Korean Sutra" is about Heishan and Baishan.，But ignored the records of the Bai Mountain form in the Goryo Sutra of Xu Yan: Its "Baishan" band said: "It is afternoon，The mountains in the northeast are great，Lianqi Rucheng。Japanese color shooting office，Boat line is very fast。Unwilling style，Boat line is very fast。"" ("The Goryu Sutra" Volume 35 "Needles II") and Buckwheat Island，But the island of a cone -like is about one kilometer around，Obviously it does not match the Baishan Island of the city wall，Therefore Xu Yan records without errors，Wang's mistakes。

The envoy arrives from Baishan to Heishan，Today, Dahei Mountain Island, South Korea，The hub of the southern road on the Silk Road on the Song Lihai，Ship to stop in the place; after crossing Heishan Island，On the north of the coast of the mountain islands，Vish island，It is the Yongzong Island of the west of the current Inkchuan;，Enter to Lichenggang，Land on Bilan Pavilion，Then arrive from Lu Road to Kaicheng, Goryeo City。bet365 live casino games Bilan Pavilion，Today's Kaicheng West Lisheng River East Bank，The ship logs in，Go to Kaicheng。From the Song Shenzong Xining to the Southern Song Dynasty，Song Li between the maritime route through this road。If the monsoon is convenient，You can arrive in 56 days。

　　Records on the ocean knowledge of the Song Dynasty

Xu Yan's "Korean Sutra" also records the change of the climate of Song Li's route、Ocean tide and the use of the navigation of the compass，The size of the official boats and guest boats of the Song Dynasty and the scale of the guest boat and the shipbuilding technology also made clear records，Not only reflects the progress of navigation technology in the Song Dynasty，It also greatly enriches and enriches the connotation of the Silk Road on the Song Lihai。Remember the ocean tide，"The seawater overflows it and is a tide，and its gas falling，then the seawater shrinks down and is Xi，Twelve Chen，Yizi to，Qi is yang，and Yang Qi，It has its own lifting，Lucky day。From noon to Hai，Its qi is Yin，and Yin Qi，It has its own lifting，Lucky Night。One day and one night，qi of Yin and Yang，Every will be promoted again，Therefore, between one day，Tide is repeated "(" The Goryo Sutra "Volume 34" Needles 1 ")。

The official boat of the Song Dynasty was called "Shenzhou"，Towering and magnificent scale，Makes Korean sigh。Its "Shenzhou" strip: "The courtiers heard the emperor of Shenzong sent to Gauli，Taste of the Division of the Division Two: One is Ling Xu to the far away of the sacrifice of the Shenzhou;，Very magnificent scale。Emperor's serving 羮 羮 孝，Thinking about it，Promoting the achievements of Xifeng，爰 Chongning is so far to this day。Symbols，Enlong Lihou，Still there is a division，More Erzhou's Great System and increase their name: First, Ding Xinli involves the far away of the Kangji Shenzhou;，Wei Ru Mountain，Floating waves，Tower of the country，Symbols，So Hui Hehuanghua，Shike overseas，Super Crown Today Ancient，is the day of the Yuli people's welcome，Tower of the country，and cheer Jia Tan also。"" ("The Goryu Sutra" Volume 34 "Needles 1")

"Korean Sutra" also clearly records the use of the compass on the Songli route，"It is not possible in the night ocean，Di Vision Star Dou，Former Mai Ruo Wan，Anti -use floating needle，揆 揆 North and South "(" Goryu Sutra "Volume 34" Needles 1 ")。Visible，"Korean Sutra" related to the scale of the route and the Song official ship and navigation technology，Leaving extremely precious information for comprehensive and in -depth study of Songli Maritime Silk Road。

　　Marine Economic and Cultural Exchange

10 to 13th century，Haishang active in the East Asian waters is mainly the Song Dynasty sea merchants，To a certain extent, the Song Dynasty sea merchants dominated the order of the East Asian waters。Song Li Trading is also carried out at sea。According to the "Korean Sutra" record，They go from the north of Mingzhou，Enter the East China Sea through the Huaihe River，Composition、Small fleets to Gaoli to engage in commercial Bet365 app download trade activities。After arriving at Goryeo，Song Shang under the arrangement of Libin Province，Living in Gaoli Qingzhou、Zhongzhou、Four Stores、Libin and other museum posts。Song Shang's trade activities in Korea，In addition to trade with the Goryeo royal family，It is mainly free trade carried out by the people。Civil trade carried out by Song Shang，Because Korean does not have a uniform and fixed market，No solution and taxation system，Just when Song Shang returned to navigation，Goryeo Supervisory Royal Shi must check the merchant ship，To prevent illegal items from exit。Except Song Shang Lai Gaoli is engaged in trade，Korean merchants also operate maritime trade with the royal family，It is mainly attached to the Goryeo Mission and equipped with the Song merchant ship for trade，Its trading products are mainly silver、Copper、snails、苎 cloth、Satin、Ginseng、Musk、pine nut、medicinal materials and sesame oil、Mats Status、Folding fan、Song tobacco ink、Wolf Tail Pen、Gaoli Paper、lacquerware, etc.，In exchange for Chinese tea、Porcelain、silk fabrics and drugs、Fast、Books、Buddhist utensils、Jade、Wood、stationery and other items。

Song Lihai Silk Road，Not only the communication of material civilization，Also carrying the exchange of humanities and spiritual culture。With the development of Song Li Maritime route，The people of the two countries have formed a common religious sea god belief，An important connotation of the Silk Road on the Song Lihai Road during this period，It is mainly reflected in the existence of Song Li and the worship of the East China Dragon King and Guanyin worship。

According to Xu Yan's "Korean Sutra" record，Song envoy arrives at Dinghai County，That is, "、Martial Arts Doctor Rong Peng Nian Jian Dao Farm Desire General Hospital for Seven Days and Night，Still lowering Royal Fragrance，Xuanzhu Yu Xian Ren helped Shunyuan Sheng Guangde Temple。Appears，Strong as Lizard，Real East Hai Longjun also "(" Korean Sutra "Volume 34" Needles 1 ")。and Goryeo also sacrifice the faith of the East China Dragon King，Xu Yan and others arrived at the Gaoli Mountain Island，See "Near the Western Mountains，There are Wulong Temples、Zifu Temple "(" Gorolu Sutra "Volume 36" Needles III ")，Displaying Clam cave，"The mountain is not very tall，House also public。There is a dragon temple in the ridge of the mountain，Boat people must sacrifice to and from "(" Goryu Sutra "Volume 39" Needles 6 ")。Clag，，Its status is north of Jianghua Island，Today belongs to Longjin County，Gai Qi's sacrifice of the Dragon King is also。Dragon King Lord Feng Yu、There is a risk of waves at sea，Therefore, the East China Dragon King is sacrificed to bless the safety of sailing。，The Xu Yan envoy is before going to the sea from Putuo Mountain，Also held a grand ritual of prayer Guanyin Bodhisattva，"Twenty -sixth Wu Yin，Northwest Bet365 app download wind is very strong。Memmer Rate Three Section of Three People as shore to enter Meicen。Old Cloud: Meizi Zhenqi。There are scoop marks on the stone bridge。In the deep foot of the Xiao Liang, the Bao Tuo Yuan built by Xiao Liang，Inspiration of Guanyin in the temple ... Old system，Messenger please pray here。It's night，The monks recite the song very strict，And the three sections of the official soldiers，Mo Unc partyted Ceremony "(" Gorgeon Sutra "Volume 34" Needles 1 "。

So navigation，Song Guanmin will worship the Guanyin Bodhisattva to protect its navigation safety。and the sea worship Guanyin，It is also the belief of the Goryeo Haimin。Xu Yan records the Bodhisattva occupation of Song Li route，is the island named Goryeo on the sea，It is "afternoon afternoon，Over Bodhisattva occupation 。Beauty said that there was a significant difference in it，Because of its name "(" "Goryu Sutra" Volume 36 "Needles III")。

visible，Song Li through official civil aviation，It has formed a common maritime belief to worship the East China Dragon King and Guanyin Bodhisattva worship，It has also become an important part of humanistic exchanges between the maritime Silk Road of Song Li and Li.。

To sum up，Xu Yan's "Korean Sutra" on the Silk Road on the Songli Sea，It is a historical material that studies the history of the history of the Song Dynasty and the Gauli Maritime Silk Road，Mingzhou has become an important port of the Song Dynasty's maritime trade and humanistic exchanges。Song Lihai Silk Road，Not only reflects the important port of Mingzhou as an important port of maritime trade in East Asia，It also reflects the prosperity of the exchanges between marine trade and marine cultural exchanges between Song Li。

(The author is a professor at the Northeast Asian Research Center of the School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang Yuexiu)