As ocean bet365 coupon code and global bet365 coupon code still in the process of taking shape and development，Both of them seem to be still in the open absorption stage，It is difficult to cover the relevant content or even describe the so-called full picture，Especially these two fields show certain methodological characteristics，Rather than purely specialized historical subject content。

　　The concept and scope of ocean bet365 coupon code and global bet365 coupon code

Broadly speaking，All historical human activities related to the ocean can enter the scope of ocean bet365 coupon code research。Global bet365 coupon code is a panoramic global bet365 coupon code、A global bet365 coupon code of connections、Integrated global bet365 coupon code has three main approaches，This view has been elaborated by Sebastian Conrad in "What is Global bet365 coupon code"。

Maritime bet365 coupon code is often based on maritime territory、Sea power、Civilization、Related topics such as colonization and immigration are well known to people inside and outside academia，Global bet365 coupon code mainly focuses on "comparison、Contact、Three major aspects of integration，More emphasis on the mutual influence and even entanglement between countries and regions。Is there any overlap between ocean bet365 coupon code and global bet365 coupon code，The answer is yes，At least most scholars in the industry have this intuition，But where exactly does the overlap occur、How to specifically present research in overlapping fields，The basic language is unclear。Seen so far，It is more developed as two methods and perspectives with different emphasis，The cross-sea connections or sea-related parts have become core overlapping areas，If this part is just the background，focuses on global connections or impacts based on the topic discussed，Becoming a core issue in global bet365 coupon code。

Maritime bet365 coupon code itself is “global”，Because our world is inherently in a flowing and connected body of water，Just because of human activities and competition、The limits of knowledge，The bet365 coupon code of the ocean is often understood or presented as a regional bet365 coupon code，Even further limited to the bet365 coupon code of maritime areas。If the core methodology of global bet365 coupon code is “integration”，The core methodology of maritime bet365 coupon code is “connection”，Even the study of maritime bet365 coupon code must define or consider "outside the territory"，The study of maritime areas is also related to the activities of the other party，Research on marine economy cannot exist without land。Global bet365 coupon code may or may not be "oceanic"，Global bet365 coupon code based on "comparison" is often the original national bet365 coupon code、Extension of comparative bet365 coupon code，Whether it is "international law", "political body" or "revolution"，All based on the original theme。Global bet365 coupon code based on "connection" and "integration" is usually related to the ocean，Even medical and environmental topics，Crossing the sea often exists as a background，From Guns、Bacteria to eucalyptus and livestock。

Global bet365 coupon code is in the ascendant in China，Many famous experts are focusing on promoting this research process。However，The ambiguity between global bet365 coupon code and ocean bet365 coupon code has not been eliminated。The translated and published "Global bet365 coupon code of the Ocean" by Michael Nolte is an example。The original German title of the book is "Between the Port and the Horizon: A World bet365 coupon code of the Sea" (Zwischen Hafen und Horizont: Weltgeschichte der Meere)，The Chinese translation further emphasizes “worldwide” as “global”，Also highlight it directly as the main title to attract readers。Of course there are disadvantages to this approach，That is, there is a conceptual misunderstanding similar to the new "global bet365 coupon code of the ocean" or "global ocean bet365 coupon code" in Chinese semantics。At a time when ocean bet365 coupon code and global bet365 coupon code are still open to definitions and have multiple connotations，Merging the two will obviously bring more conceptual confusion and misunderstandings。

In the practice of global bet365 coupon code，No matter the transfer bet365 coupon code、Transnational bet365 coupon code or the “spatial turn”，There are practices and masterpieces related to ocean content，Although it is still not a core issue in global bet365 coupon code research。And in the practice of maritime bet365 coupon code，Expand it within the framework or perspective of global bet365 coupon code，Or at least reflect global connectivity in ocean research issues，It is relatively easy to operate。The author's upcoming book "Yinghuan Shilue: Ocean bet365 coupon code in Global bet365 coupon code"，That’s how to do it。This book is divided into three parts: "China and Southeast Asia", "Indian Ocean and Pacific" and "Global bet365 coupon code and Ocean bet365 coupon code"，It is about the bet365 coupon code of various "connections" around the world，Including Southeast Asia and China、Interactive content of the vertical and horizontal longitude and latitude of the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean，Also relates to time discovered within the framework of maritime bet365 coupon code and global bet365 coupon code、Space and Personnel，Analysed the theories and materials of research around the South China Sea、Competition and conflict in the early expansion of Western Netherlands and East Asia、Interaction between China and Southeast Asia、Indian Ocean bet365 coupon code Writing Model、A world system centered on the Indian Ocean、East Asia Maritime Trade World、Concept of the Pacific Age、Pacific World Immigration、The distinction between Chinese bet365 coupon code and world bet365 coupon code、Research Oriented、Issues such as changes in concepts，Use the issue of maritime bet365 coupon code throughout，The perspective and concern of global bet365 coupon code occasionally emerge。Writing ocean bet365 coupon code in this way，Although not every article is related to global bet365 coupon code，But just keep an awareness of global connections or regional comparisons，You can better combine the two to write the global bet365 coupon code of the ocean。

　The combination of ocean bet365 coupon code and global bet365 coupon code

The combination of ocean bet365 coupon code and global bet365 coupon code，That is, the application of ocean bet365 coupon code in the field of world bet365 coupon code or on a global scale (not "global bet365 coupon code")。The aforementioned layout of Nolte's "Global bet365 coupon code of the Oceans" is worth learning。The book starts with "Discovering the Ocean"，Xun Beihai、Baltic Sea、Black Sea、Red Sea、Arabian Sea、South China Sea，shows us a picture of human maritime connections from early to medieval times。Transfer to modern times，Starting from the Mediterranean again，Revealing the North Sea、Baltic Sea、Indian Ocean、Atlantic、Commerce between the Pacific、Competition and plunder，Finally, it ends with modern technology cutting into globalization and challenges。

Browse through this work that tells the bet365 coupon code of the ocean from a world bet365 coupon code perspective，It is not difficult to find that if you adopt the "starry sky" style of writing，Discuss the bet365 coupon code of ocean development in various parts of the world one by one，Not only is it inadequate, but it is also suspected of piling up accounts，Not even the “global bet365 coupon code” pursued by contemporary scholars。If you adopt a single-point origin discussion or a communication perspective，It is inevitable to fall into the trap of the West or the East。In the form of “transfer bet365 coupon code” and “contact bet365 coupon code”，Extremely high grasp of writing requirements and standards。

In ancient society，People believe that there have always been frightening transboundary forces in the ocean。Before Athens achieved maritime hegemony，There is a fearsome "Minos" (King of Crete) in Crete，Become the center and hub of the countries outside the island。And the original generation of the Cretan model，The Cyclades Islands，The ancestors there used canoes to maintain the connection between the island and the mainland。The connection between humans and the ocean is natural，Another result of continuous strengthening in the later period，And this later process is not inevitable，People around the world have vastly different levels of connection to the ocean。

The development of maritime bet365 coupon code research in the scope of world bet365 coupon code，If you want to overcome the straightforward narrative of writing a general bet365 coupon code，Highlight which transfers or connections are critical。In the 8th century, the Varangians used Northern Europe as a stronghold and moved southward or plundered Byzantium，Viking activities in the 9th century or the Caspian Sea、The pattern of harassment in the Black Sea is exactly the same，This picture of navigation and expansion helps to change our view of the Slavs、Baltic、The stereotype of Finns waiting for Scandinavia to go to the Volga River area。The next two centuries，The Talmud Letters of Fustat (Old Cairo) are another good example of Jewish and Muslim merchants from the Mediterranean in the Middle Ages、Red Sea、A journey from the Arabian Sea to the Indian Ocean。Beginning of the 14th century，The expansion of the Mamluks and the Ottoman Empire in the Eastern Mediterranean and Black Sea，Completely changed the political and economic ecology of the Western Mediterranean，The strong narratives of Venice and Genoa will change under the perspective of the emerging trading powers in the Levant。Dutch investment in southern Europe and strong involvement in the shipping industry preceded its expansion in Asia，The discussion of breaking the monopoly of Venice or the Levant with pepper and spices from the East Indies deserves careful scrutiny at the time point。The French squeeze on the Dutch in the Ottoman market, which began in the late 17th century, was another change，Greek ships and captains deal with the Ottomans、Between Russia and Western European countries，has become the “undercurrent” of the Mediterranean and its connection with the world since the 18th century，Influence to this day。These seemingly “alternative” maritime histories are also Portuguese、西、Holland、A powerful complement to the iterative rise of British maritime powers and the writing model of European expansion。

These transfers or connections are used in the Indian Ocean、The same holds true for Pacific and Atlantic studies。The discussion of the Indian Ocean seems to have long been more about the expansion of the East India Company and the relationship between the Indian coast and Portugal、English、法、The entanglement caused by the charge；The bet365 coupon code of the Pacific focuses on the South Pacific islands and sandalwood、Otter (fur) and sea cucumber；The writing of the Atlantic has always been about the sugar industry、Pirates are also associated with the notorious slave trade。Remove these important topics and content，It is of course the unshirkable responsibility of historians to outline those neglected coasts and the people and things on them。The reconstruction of some connections and transfers is of great significance。For example，Melaka as node，Because of Portugal、Holland、The battle between the British，Also dependent on Western materials，Same as Dutch East Indies，Often classified as part or extension of Indian Ocean bet365 coupon code，Not the Pacific side demarcated by modern geographical nodes；The early economy and personnel of Lima are part of Atlantic bet365 coupon code (the protagonist of the galleon trade is still Acapulco)，Only when introducing the bet365 coupon code and discourse of Japanese and Chinese immigration in the 19th century，It seems that there is a connection with the Pacific Ocean。The impact of changes in materials and perspectives on historical understanding and writing can be seen。Also，Whether it’s Abbas、Western Sumatra is still "Papua New Guinea" as a marginal zone，Or Laurence Davidson and Hubert Hugo (businessmen) who move inside and outside the system、Pirates、Fugitive、Naval Commander、Commercial website supervisor, etc.)、William Dampier (farmer) whose activities spanned three oceans、Businessman、Scientific Examiner、Pirates、Scholar)，Marine bet365 coupon code research topics can always give these alternative connections more vitality，Thus showing writing with methodological significance of global bet365 coupon code。We look forward to these issues and practices becoming richer and more diverse，Marine bet365 coupon code and global bet365 coupon code research can also go hand in hand、Continuously crossing，Finally brewing and generating new understanding。

　(This article is a phased result of the National Social Science Fund’s Unpopular Special Project "Research on the Translation and Annotation of the Chronicles of Semarang and Cirebon" (20VJXG002)

(The author is an associate professor at the School of bet365 coupon code and Cultural Heritage, Xiamen University)