As a marine history and global history that is still in the process of molding and development，The two still seem to be in an open absorption phase，It is difficult to include related content or even describe the so -called full picture，Especially these two areas present a certain methodology characteristics，instead of pure specialized historical discipline。

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For a broad sense，The historical activities of human -related human beings can enter the scope of marine history research。Global History is in a panoramic global history、Global History of contact、The global history of integration is three main diameters，This view has been specifically stated in "What is the History of Global History" by Sebastian Conrad。

Marine History is often in the sea of ​​sea because of the sea.、Haiquan、Civilization、Colonial and immigration related themes are familiar to those inside and outside the academic world，and global history mainly focuses on "comparison、Contact、Integration "three major aspects，More emphasis on the interaction and even entanglement between the country and regions。Whether the history of marine history and global history have an overlapping field，The answer is yes，At least most scholars in the industry have this intuition，But where is the exact overlap、How to present the research in the field of overlap，The basic language is unknown。What I see at present，More as two methods and perspectives of each focusing on，Its cross -sea connection or sea -involvement part becomes the core overlapping field，If this part is only the background，Focus on explaining global connection or influence based on the theme discussed，Core topic of becoming a global history。

Marine History itself is "global"，Because of Bet365 lotto review our world, it is in a flowing waters in a flowing area，Just because of human activities and competition、The limit of knowledge，The history of the ocean is often understood or presented as a regional history，It is even further limited to the history of the sea because of the history。If the core methodology of global history is "integration"，The core methodology of marine history is "contact"，Even the research of the history of the waters must define or consider "outside the territory"，Haijiang research is also related to the activity of the other party，Research on the marine economy cannot exist from land。Global history can be "ocean" or not，Global history based on "comparison" is often the original history of the original country、Extension of comparative history，Whether it is "international law", "political body" or "revolution"，All expand based on the original theme。Global history based on "connection" and "integration" is usually related to the ocean，Even the theme of medical and environmental categories，Cross -sea also often exists as a background，From guns、Bacterial to eucalyptus and animal power。

Global History in China is in the ascendant，Many celebrities have focused on promoting this research process。But，The fuzzy zone of global history and ocean history has not been eliminated。Michael Norteut's "History of Marine Global", which is translated and published, is an example。The book was originally called "Zwischen Hafen Und Horizont: Weltgeschichte de MEERE)，In addition to further emphasis on "worldwide" as "global"，It also directly highlights it as the main title to attract readers。It is natural to deal with this way，That is, there is a new concept of "marine global history" or "global marine history" in Chinese.。It is still in open definition and multiple connotations in the history of marine history and global history，merging two will obviously bring more conceptual bet365 live casino games problems and misunderstandings。

In the practice of global history，Whether it is the history of transfer、The history of multinational or "space steering"，The content related to the ocean has practice and masterpiece，Although it is still not the core topic in global history research。In the practice of marine history，Place it under the global historical framework or perspective，or at least in the issue of marine research issues, global connections，It is relatively easy to operate。The book "History of Ocean History in Global History" that the author is about to publish，Take this method。This book is divided into three parts: "China and Southeast Asia", "Indian Ocean and Pacific", "Global History and Ocean History"，Is about the history of various "connections" in the world，both include Southeast Asia and China、The interactive content of the two major vertical and horizontal latitude of the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean，It also involves the time found under the framework of marine and global history、Space and Personnel，Analysis of theoretical and materials of research on Nanhai research、Competition and conflict of expansion in East Asia in the early days、Interaction of China and Southeast Asia、Writing Mode of History of Indian Ocean、The world system centered on the Indian Ocean、East Asian Maritime Trade World、The concept of the Pacific era、Immigration of Pacific World、Division of Chinese History and World History、Research orientation、Conceptual changes，The issue of marine history runs through the issue of the history of the history of the history of the history of the ocean，viewing angle and care of global history。Write marine history in this way，Although not every article is related to global history，But as long as you always maintain global contact or regional comparison consciousness，can be better combined with the global history of the two to write a practice of the ocean。

　The combination of marine history and global history

Combination of marine history and global history，Bet365 app download That is the use of world history or global (not "global history").。The layout of the book "Ocean Global History" in the aforementioned Norteut is worth learning from。The book starts from "Discover the Ocean"，Follow Beihai、Baltic Sea、Black Sea、Red Sea、Arabia、South China Sea，Show us a picture of human offshore connections in the early period of the Middle Ages for us。Turn into modern，Start from the Mediterranean again，Reveal North Sea、Baltic Sea、Indian Ocean、Atlantic、Trading between the Pacific Ocean、Competition and plunder，Finally cut into globalization with modern technology and challenge。

Trip of this kind of work about marine history from the perspective of world history，It is not difficult to find that if you adopt the "Star Fighting" style of writing，Discuss the history of marine development from all over the world，Not only suspicion of not being unhappy, but also the suspect of flowing water，Not even the "Global History" pursued by contemporary scholars。If a single -point origin discussion or communication angle is adopted，Can't help but fall into the West or Oriental Center。The way of "History of Transfer" and "History of Contact"，Grab high grasp of writing requirements and scale。

In ancient society，People think that the ocean has always existed with frightening cross -border power。Before Athens obtained maritime hegemony，Crete Island has a daunting "Minos" (King of Crete)，Become the center and hub of the states outside the island。The native generation of the Crete Island mode，Dang Kikikraz Islands，The ancestors of the ancestors there are connections between the islands and the continent。The connection between humans and the ocean is both natural，It is the result of continuous strengthening in the later period，and this process in the later later is not inevitable，People from all over the world connect with the depth of the ocean。

The research of marine history in the scope of bet365 live casino games world history，If you want to overcome the straight narrative of the history of the history of the general history，It is important to focus on which transfer or connection is important。The Valanians of the 8th Century use Northern Europe as a stronghold to move south or plunder Byzantine，Activities of the 9th Century Viking or the Sea、The interference mode of the Black Sea can be described as the same，This kind of navigation and expansion map helps to change our lady to Slaw、Person、The stereotypes of the crowds from the Nakaa from Finnish to the Wolga River。After two centuries after two centuries，Fostert (Cairo Old City) Jewish Tibetan Scripture Pavilion's letter also showed the medieval Jewish and Muslim merchants from the Mediterranean、Red Sea、The scalpel from the Arabian Sea to the Indian Ocean。From the 14th century,，The expansion of the Mamimuk dynasty and the Ottoman Empire in the East China Sea and the Black Sea，It has completely changed the political economy and ecology of the Western Mediterranean，Both the strong discourse narrative of Venice or Genoa will change under the perspective of Ryante's emerging trade power。The Dutch's investment in South Europe and the strong intervention of the shipping industry occurred before its Asian expansion，The expositions of the monopoly of the pepper and spices of the East India Islands to break the monopoly of Venice or La Fante are worth careful on the time node。France began to squeeze the Netherlands in the Ottoman market in the late 17th century.，Greek ships and captains Zhou Xun in Ottoman、Russia and Western European countries，will become the "subtitaling flow" that has been in the Mediterranean and its world since the 18th century，Impact and to this day。These seemingly "alternative" marine history is also Portuguese、West、Lotus、The emergence of iteration of the British Ocean Power and the powerful supplement of the European expansion writing mode。

bet365 live casino games These transfer or contact are used in the Indian Ocean、Pacific and Atlantic research also established the same。Discourse in the Indian Ocean seems to be more in the expansion of East India Company and the coast of India and Portugal、Ying、method、The entanglement generated by the lotus; the historical writing of the Pacific Ocean is focusing on the islands and sandalwood of the South Pacific、otter (fur) and sea cucumber; the writing of Atlantic Ocean has always been with the sugar industry、Pirates and infamous slave trade are linked。Except these important issues and content，Except those ignored coasts and people and things on the shore, of course, the responsibility of historians。Some connections and transfer reconstruction significance is very significant。For example，Malacca as a node，Because of Portugal、Lotus、British battle，By dependence on Western materials，Like the Dutch East India，It is often attributed to the History of the Indian Ocean or extended，instead of the Pacific side delineated by modern geographical nodes; the early economic and personnel of Lima were part of the history of Atlantic (the protagonist of the large sailing trade was still Akaphko)，Only when the history and discussion of Japanese and Chinese immigrants introduced in the 19th century，Only to contact the Pacific Ocean。changes in materials and perspectives on the impact of historical understanding and writing can be seen。other，Whether it is Abbas、West of Sumatra is still the "Papua New Guinea" as the edge zone，or Lawrence Davidson and Hubet Hogo (businessman、Pirate、Fugi、Navy commander、Business station supervisor, etc.)、The activity runs through the three oceans William Danpier (farmers、Businessman、Examiner、Pirate、Scholar)，The issue of marine history research can always give these alternative connections more vitality，to show the writing of global bet365 live casino games historical methodology。We look forward to these issues and practice can be richer and more diverse，Marine History and Global History Research can also be parallel together、constantly crossing，Finally brewing new understanding。

　(This article is the National Social Science Fund's unprecedented learning special "Three Treasures and the Research on the History of Chronicles of Jingliwen" (20VJXG002) phased achievement)

(Author is an associate professor at the School of History and Cultural Heritage of Xiamen University)