Tubo was a local kingdom in the Qinghai -Tibet Plateau in ancient China，Tuhuo Luo is an ancient Central Asian country (the center is in northeast Afghanistan)。From the perspective of geographical location，Tubo and Tuhuo Luo are connected with the Pamir Plateau，It can be said to be near，Easy to travel。From the perspective of national origin，Tuhuo Luer includes the nomads of the nomads who once lived in the Hexi Corridor in my country，The formation of Tubo and the hair of the westward、Tang Yan, etc.，Both of them belong to the broadly scholars recorded in the history books。In terms of religious culture，Both are the core areas of the influence and spread of Buddhism。So，Discuss the exchange of Tubo and Tuhuo in religious culture，It is of great significance for studying the internal and exchanges of exchanges and foreign cultural exchanges within the study of the Chinese nation。

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About the origin of Tuhuo Luo、Migration and the establishment of the country，It is a popular topic in the academic community at home and abroad，Despite the controversy for nearly a century，But there are still many problems that have not yet been solved。From the perspective of the relationship between vomiting and Chinese history，There are two main points。The first view is considered，Tuhuo Luo is related to the "Yueshi" recorded by Chinese historical books。Where，After the Moon's Westward moves，Established Da Xia and Guizhuang，The history books from the Wei and Jin dynasties to the Sui and Tang dynasties are called "Tomoro"。"Yue's" who stayed in China is called "Xiaoyue's"，That is, after the relocation of Da Yue's west; when the Wei, Jin to the Five Dynasties of the Sui and Tang Dynasties was called "ox、White Horse、Onion 茈 茈 茈 茈 "" Zhongyun "," Nanshan ", etc.，Qilian Mountain to Scalling Ridge in the Hexi Corridor。The second point of view is considered，"Tuhuo Luo" and once moved in northern China、Later, the "Daxia" related to the onion ridge in the west，and bet365 Play online games have no direct relationship with Yue's (Xu Wenkan: "Commenting Wang Xin's New Book" Research on Twishable Robe "，"Shilin" 2003, No. 4)。

The author is inclined to "vomitoro" and "Yue's" related，This is a slightly mainstream point of view。Tuhuoluo belongs to the Indo -European people called by Western scholars，AD 3000 BC originated in West Asia or Southeast Europe。The family later moved eastward，By late 3 century BC，A branch of the Indo -Europeans，Tuhuo Ren has been distributed in a large area of ​​the Central Asia to the Hexi Corridor of China，It is called "Dunhuang、Qilian Jianyue "Yue family。About the middle of the 2nd century BC，Yueshi is broken by the Huns，Most of them move to west of onion Ridge。When this is，The Kingdom of Barkria ruled by the Greek is in the inside and outside the trap、When the wind and rain flutter，Da Yue who moved over the west across the Sir River and the Amu River，End the Greek rule in Bark Ria，Create East Stupid onion Ridge、North from Iron Gate、North from Iron Gate、Country to Daxue Mountain (Xingdu Kush Mountain)，Take Lanshi City as the capital，It is called "Da Xia" in Chinese literature，and is called ToChari in national literature。1st Century BC to 1st Century，Yue's people go south to India，Partial part of entered rest。to around the 2nd century，Yue Family established a powerful empire from Central Asia to North India "Guishuang Dynasty"，Guo Yan and the rest have continued until the end of the 4th century and early 5th century。Downside to Sui and Tang dynasties，You can also find the trace of Tuhuoluo，Xuan Zang once visited "The Hometown of the State of the Cash on the State of the State"，There were more than ten small countries at the time of fashion，The big will be more than a thousand miles on Wednesday，Small people hundreds of miles，Center in the north of Afghanistan today (Ji Xianlin, etc.: "Note of the Tang Dynasty Western Regions"，Zhonghua Book Company 1985 edition，Page 100-101)。

　　Tuhuoluo helps benzonians into Tubo

Just move west in the Dayue family、Cross the Sir River and Amu River，End the Greek rule in Barktria and establish Da Xia、Guishuang，Until the historic span of the hundred -year -old historical span until the Sui and bet365 live casino games Tang dynasties，Tubo and Tuhuo on the Qinghai -Tibet Plateau have communication and communication。Some scholars think，The Tho Gar of one of the "Masan Nine clan" ruled by the legendary era，Perhaps it means to vomit Huoluo。From some records of benzonic literature，Indeed, there are clues to find。

Tibetan literature "The Sacred Law Spectrum" in "The Sacred Law of Tibet" is worth noting，Its cloud，One of the Benzi -Churning Department of Xin Rao, one of the Benzi -Benzi Penzonians, Nanmuji Du，In Wuda、Bo Lu and Tuhuoluo Place，Uniforms Xing Monster Monster、Devil Nandaluna, who is harmed and animal, and animals，and spread the doctrine of benzuism in these countries。For this，King Tuhuoluo dedicated the entire kingdom to Nanmuji Du。Later，The invitations of the descendants of Nantu Saiji Du and the king of the sheep and the king，Come to Tubo，Get as a guru。Results，All the land of Yangtong and Tubo is under the jurisdiction of Bo Lu (Karmei，Wang Yao、Chen Guansheng Translation: "Selection of the History of Benzowe"，"Collection of" Collection of Tibetan Studies abroad "series 1，Tibet People's Publishing House 1985 edition，pp. 271-272)。Based on this，The origin and spread of benzbenism seem to have a relationship with Tuhuoluo from the beginning。

Another saying is，Bonbuilder Scriptures were first spread in large foods，Later, it was passed on to the same as sheep by six large food translators、India、Gaidi Miro、THOD DKAR、Brezer's benzhi，Then it spread to Han Di、Gesar、Su Bi、Tubo and Mu Ya (Xiacha · Tashi Jianzan: "Tibetan Bon Church Source Stream"，National Publishing House 1985 edition，page 151)。"Big Food" is the transliteration of Persian Tazi，The name of the Persian Tribe of the Persian Tribe，After the Arabs conquer Persia，The history books of the Tang Dynasty were called the Arab Empire in the east as "big food"。"Big Food" is spelling TA ZIG in ancient Tibetan，or more Tibetanization and writing Stag Gzig。But the "big food" as the source of the benzbnism seems to not be able to have an Arab Empire painting with the history books in the Tang Dynasty，It can only be understood as a place between Iran to western Tibet today，Therefore, the Bon teaching Bet365 app download scriptures appeared only in the big food place and then introduced in Tubo。

Penoist scriptures，Around 100 AD, the eighth -generation Wang Zhigong Zanpu, the eighth generation of Tubo，Aponement of Bon religious ancestor named Xinrao Miwhel in the same place，A combination of an outer path from the big food from the west of India，Created a new classic "VKHyar Bon"。This new benzben education is different from the original benzbnism，The main difference is that you do not recognize the previous life and the later generations，But still thinks that there is the existence of ghosts and gods (Dongga Lausann Chilie，Guo Guanzhong、Translated by Wang Yuping: "On the Tibetan Political and Education Cooperation System"， Tibet People's Publishing House 2008 edition，pp. 6-7)。Tibetan literary and historical records "Sage Banquet" specifically described in the first section of Zhigong Zangpu: "At that time，GU RAN WA TRA from the junction of Tianzhu and Great Food，Get Va Zha (VA ZHA) benzonist。They soar in the air，Trees cut into strips，Lobbing stone is gravel，and often worship ghosts with wine and meat，Wang worshiped these benzatans as guru。"" (Pakistani Zura Chenwa，Huang Yan、Zhou Runnian Translation: "Sages Happy Banquet -Tibetan History Translation Note"，Central National University Press 2010 edition，Page 8) Similarly，We have reason to understand this "Tianzhu and Big Food" as the place of Tuhuoluo。

Some scholars think，Since the 3rd century, the binary theory of the Monicism and Evilism in Persia has had a certain impact。The dual theory of the good and evil of Mani religion said: The original original of the light and darkness as good and evil，The opposition between the Kingdom of Light and the Dark Kingdom，You can get happiness after the death，The wicked must fall into hell after death。In the doctrine of benzbnism，These two opposites also occupy a dominant position，"A miraculous pregnancy appears through two beams of light (one white and one red)"，Master of benzeneronic, Xinrao Moviss, was born; the emergence of one white and one black beam，Turned into the "black hell" of making evil and "owners who love existence"。Shi Tai'an thinks，Maybe this phenomenon can be bet365 best casino games regarded as the influence of Manny or worshiping the flames (Shi Tai'an，Geng Sheng translation: "The Civilization of Tibet"，China Tibetan Studies Publishing House 2005 edition，267、268、272、273 pages)。

　Tuhuo Luo translator assisted Buddhism into Tubo

From the perspective of historical culture，From the end of the 2nd century BC to the beginning of the 1st century,，Da Yue people have believed in Buddhism，Guishuang also enjoys a good reputation with faith in Buddhism，This has been an unearthed building site、Sculpture and Guishuang Coin confirmed (Wang Zhilai: "History of Central Asia"，China Social Science Press 1980 edition，Page 120-126)。Tombo Luo, which has emerged after Guidi frost，Until the Sui and Tang dynasties, it was also a country that believed in Buddhism。Xin Luo monk Huichao returned to the Tang Dynasty through the Kaiyuan years，Passing through Phakashuo、Wu Changguo、罽 Bin Guo，Then "to Tuhuo Luo Kingdom ... the leader of the king and the people, etc.，Respect Three Treasures，Foot Temple Foot Monk，Walking Marshal "(Zhang Yi:" Five Days Zhu Guo Zhi Demonstration "，Zhonghua Book Company 1994 edition，p. 96)。The above record indicates，Before the Sui and Tang dynasties, from the so -called Da Xia、Guishuang to Tuhuoluo，Actually it is the central area of ​​Buddhist communication，It is completely possible to spread Buddhism from the Pamir Plateau and the Qinghai -Tibet Plateau from this center to east.。

In this context, the role of Tuhuo Luo in Buddhism into Tubo is logical.。It is generally considered，There are two stages of Buddhism into Tubo，First, the beginning of the day of the year (the time for the reign is about the middle of the 4th century).，Second, Songzan Ganbu (in the first half of the 7th century) gradually became scale。In the previous period，There are also two theories of "Heavenly Holy Holy" and "Tianzhu Pass"，The Tibetan History Book of Nama Teaching Law in the 13th century "History of Nama Teaching Law" is the last statement，Qi said: "When the saints (La Jiannianzan) Bingzheng，Translator Rosencuo, a translator of Li Tianzi and Thod Dkar，From Tianzhu, please come to Ban Zhida scholar Li Jing to teach the scriptures to the bet365 Play online games king，Because there was no text at that time at that time，Can't receive it，"The Buddha said that the Mahayana Mastest King Sutra" (book on yellow paper)，Write the six -character mantra with gold powder (Sanskrit)，Wooden fork handprints on the top，One of the one with the king; and said: ‘to the holy relics、Transfer、Dedication，I will get something，What blessing if I want to ask for，All can be obtained，Yu in Tubo for a long time is not beneficial。'After that, go to Han soil。"" (Zaba Meng Lan Luo Zhuo，Wang Yao、translated by Chen Jian: "History of Naiba Teaching Law -Ancient Tan Hua"，"Chinese Tibetan Studies" 1990 Issue 1) For "Li Tianzi" in the text，Tibetan literature and history book "Qing History" is also known as "translator"，Guske is regarded as Yu Xun in the Western Regions; "Translator Rosencuo" was named the name of vomiting fire，The meaning here is to emphasize that the introduction of Buddhism into Tubo is also available in 阗、The role of the western countries such as Tuhuo Luo。

Tuhuo's role in Buddhism into Tubo，Another time to write a time, although it was earlier, only translated in recent years、published version，It is seen in the Tibetan Cave Tibetan Wallwen in the early days of Tibetan Buddhism (11-12 centuries)，called "The Top of the Palace of the Kings of Aikukut, the Grand Palace of Charletla"。Among them, the same story is narrated: Tibetan Zanpura Ji Nianzan Times，Tu Huo Luo Meridian brings Buddhist scriptures、King Kong Pestle、Buddha statues, etc. presented to Nie Chinan Zanzan，Return to Tuhuo Luo Kingdom (Deji Zhuoma: "Passing from the Tibetan Wall Tuber of Tibetan Caves"，"Tibet Research" 2022, No. 2)。

The Tuhuo translator recorded in the above literature assisted Tianzhu's Ban Zhida to bring the Buddhist scriptures、Buddha statue、The legend brought to Tubo，and Tuhuo Luo Meridian directly dedicated it to Zanpu，The Buddhist scriptures during the Lajin Year praise period recorded by the Tibetan literary history book "Qing History" fell from the sky、The statement of Buddhism starts at the beginning of Tubo，Provided another version of the comparison of capital。These different records and sayings，For us to study Buddhism for a long Bet365 app download time、Multiple position、The process of multi -channel transmission into Tubo has an important enlightenment function。

In short，In the introduction of Buddhism and some Central Asia、In the influence of the ancient religion of Western Asia，Tu Huo Luo played an important role because of its special geographical location and itself as one of the central areas of Buddhist culture.，Therefore, it is recorded by Han and Tibetan literature。These historical facts can be regarded as an important part of the relationship between the relationship between the communication and cultural exchanges between the ancient China and the outside world。

　　(This article is the National Social Science Foundation's major project "" Dunhuang Ben Tuba Historical Document "related nation、Character、Incident Research and Focus Classification Notes "(17zda212) phased results)

(Author is a doctoral student of Southwest University of Ethnic University in Southwest University for Ethnic University; Professor 2 of Southwest University of Ethnological Research Institute of Southwest University for Nationalities)