bet365 sign up offer refers to a person’s legal qualifications and status as a national or citizen of a certain country，A person with the bet365 sign up offer of a country has a solid legal connection with the country of bet365 sign up offer。Based on this connection，He (she) accepts the jurisdiction of the laws of that country，Enjoy and bear the rights and obligations stipulated by the laws of the country for its citizens。At the same time，bet365 sign up offer is also the basis for a country to exercise diplomatic protection for its own people。Late Qing Dynasty，Chinese people are gradually realizing the importance of bet365 sign up offer in the modern sense and the necessity of bet365 sign up offer legislation。The late Qing government was based on its own cultural traditions and national conditions，Learn from foreign bet365 sign up offer knowledge，Formulated and promulgated China’s first bet365 sign up offer law, the Qing bet365 sign up offer Regulations and its implementation details。

　　Translate and disseminate bet365 sign up offer knowledge

Generally speaking，Nationals and foreigners，Can pass external characteristics，Such as appearance、Differentiate by language, etc.。Therefore，Who is a native of this country、Who is the foreigner，Often well known、Clear at a glance。But，With the transformation of nation-states, there are close exchanges with people from all over the world，The phenomenon of changing bet365 sign up offer due to moving to a foreign country is increasing，It has become important and necessary to define a person’s bet365 sign up offer in a legal sense。It is under this circumstance that bet365 sign up offer knowledge is formed and developed，And it was mainly spread in the late Qing Dynasty through international legal translations。

Opium War Period，The Western international bet365 sign up offer book "Prohibitions of Various Countries" translated by Lin Zexu，Although there are issues involving the exemption of foreigners from military service in their own country，But how to distinguish the status of nationals and foreigners in a legal sense and their different rights and obligations，No more explanation。Period of Westernization Movement，Jingshi Tongwen Museum、Jiangnan Manufacturing Bureau Translation Office and other government agencies have translated a large number of international bet365 sign up offer works，Including "bet365 sign up offer of All Nations" (1864)、"Xing Jin Zhi Palm" (1876)、"Public bet365 sign up offer Notes" (1878)、"Public bet365 sign up offer Association" (1880)、"On the Public bet365 sign up offer of Negotiations between States" (1895)、"On the Conventional Laws of Negotiation between Countries" (1895), etc.。

In these translations of international law，Knowledge of bet365 sign up offer is often discussed as a component of knowledge of state power。"The Public Law of All Nations" in "On the Natural Rights of Nations"，Involving a country that has the power to allow foreigners to naturalize，“Any country that is independent and self-reliant，Everyone has the right to allow foreigners to naturalize as citizens of their country，And it can be granted with the rights of the indigenous people。Maybe the person was born in a certain country，You will not be able to abandon the jurisdiction of your country for life，If convicted in your own country，Wherever you are，We should always obey the law”。"On the Negotiation of Public Laws among States" is in "On the Power of Managing Persons"，Proposes that the people of a country are divided into two types: one is the original natives，The second is to live in the country for a long time、Foreigners applying for naturalization。In addition，These translations also introduced the relevant content of the bet365 sign up offer laws of Western countries at that time，As well as the composition of immigration and naturalization regulations entered into between countries，Specific include: obtain、Loss、Methods and procedures for restoring bet365 sign up offer。

Translation and dissemination of these international law works，Made people in the late Qing Dynasty gradually realize the importance of bet365 sign up offer legislation，The concept of bet365 sign up offer in the modern sense of the late Qing Dynasty was gradually brewing。

　　All sectors of society are concerned about bet365 sign up offer issues

The Reform Period of 1898 is generally regarded as the beginning of China’s modern academic transformation。During this period，Chinese people have a deeper understanding of Western bet365 sign up offer knowledge，Start learning from related content，Try to propose several ways to solve domestic bet365 sign up offer issues，To safeguard national sovereignty。

The twentieth year of Guangxu (1894)，Wu Yinsun of Ningshao Daotai, Zhejiang Province proposed the topic for the summer project of Shanghai Gezhi Academy。One of the questions is: "Since trade，Huayang Miscellaneous Place，Migration of Chinese and foreign businessmen and people，Or marry each other，Or residing in other countries。Now the maritime ban has been exempted from the ban by Xue Xingshi，People who return to China after that are of foreign bet365 sign up offer，The population and industry include those who are still abroad，Those who have returned to China，How to consider domestic and foreign situations，Enter the regulations on the period of time for changing one’s bet365 sign up offer and returning to one’s bet365 sign up offer，There are differences between those who are affiliated with China and those who are affiliated with foreign countries，Those who divide the land and govern the people should not let it be hidden。”

Yang Yuhui, a student from Dabu County, Chaozhou Prefecture, Guangdong, was the first place in this exam。His analysis of this issue，It was the people of the late Qing Dynasty who were the first to learn from Western bet365 sign up offer knowledge、An important example of envisioning China’s bet365 sign up offer system。In his opinion，The maritime ban policy is abolished，If the Chinese citizens who go abroad and return to China do not formulate regulations for changing their bet365 sign up offer and returning home，There will be four disadvantages: 1，If returning Chinese citizens become foreign nationals，Once there is a case，Seek foreign consular protection with former foreign citizenship，Hua Guan’s decree will inevitably be hindered and cannot be implemented。Part 2，Huamin with foreign bet365 sign up offer、Xi Guan as a talisman，Avoid accountability and severe punishment under Chinese law，It will lead to overseas Chinese people rushing to imitate，Making domestic civil disputes unable to be resolved。Part 3，The boundaries of naturalization are unclear，Not only is it difficult to divide the land and govern the people，It will also cause disputes between China and foreign countries。Fourth，Any Chinese who commits a crime can flee to a foreign country to avoid punishment，It is difficult to eliminate social chaos，Hidden social dangers。Based on this，He referred to international law works translated during the Westernization period，Learn from Western bet365 sign up offer laws and systems，Drafted fourteen articles of the charter，The number of years of residence required for Chinese citizens to change to foreign citizenship、Age、Program，Restrictions on changing membership、Property distribution after registration change、Problems of living in China、The conditions for returning to China to restore Chinese bet365 sign up offer and the distribution of property will be stipulated one by one，In particular, it is emphasized that Chinese citizens must not evade the sanctions of Chinese law on the pretext of becoming foreign nationals。The curriculum of Gezhi Academy is concerned about the issue of Chinese bet365 sign up offer returning to China，Explains that the issue of bet365 sign up offer change has become a hot topic in current affairs between China and the West，Attention from the intellectual community。

After the Sino-Japanese War，Zheng Guanying, a representative of the reform faction, wrote the article "Naturalization"，Compiled into "Warnings in a Prosperous Age"。This article combines knowledge of Western bet365 sign up offer，Recognize that Western countries except the United States allow Chinese naturalization、The fact that Chinese can change their bet365 sign up offer。In addition，He learned from the laws of Western countries on allowing foreigners to naturalize，Advocate allowing foreigners to naturalize in China，Thus establishing China’s jurisdiction。He proposed，Foreigners must obtain Chinese bet365 sign up offer，Fang Zhun buys land and builds a house in the mainland；If not naturalized，Not allowed to buy property in the Mainland except in concessions。If you use it in the name of visiting the mainland or preaching，Buy real estate in the Mainland、Purchase and stocking situation，It will be regarded as the same as the people who are naturalized in our country，Allow him to settle down，And must be under the jurisdiction of Chinese local officials，Do not borrow consuls from far away。Another late novelist, Ma Jianzhong, wrote the article "Household Registration"，Citing Western bet365 sign up offer laws，Point out that although household laws apply to registered citizens，Also outsiders，Need to distinguish the difference in responsibilities between resident and resident，Try to introduce the bet365 sign up offer dimension into the old household registration concept。

The seventh and eighth days of February in the twenty-third year of Guangxu，Zi Lin Shanghai News serialized "Tactics for Chinese Citizens in the United States to Change Their bet365 sign up offer and Return to Their Hometown"，Focus on the issue of Chinese bet365 sign up offer returning to China。The "key strategies" mentioned in this article include creating a register to strictly inspect and determine the age limit、Quasi marriage to show compassion、Issue a license to check transactions、Recruiting jobs for education、Set up special officers for protection。The author pointed out，The bet365 sign up offer of the Chinese returned to China is unknown，Difficult to picket，It is urgent to create a register to register the bet365 sign up offer and identity of Chinese citizens。Dingzhu can be divided into foreign nationalities、Two types of Chinese，Details must be stated when registering，including age、Three generations of existence and death、Overseas countries、Place of employment、Number of male and female population；If you are a foreign citizen，You must indicate the time and country of affiliation。Hang house numbers outside each house，Those with foreign origins use both Chinese and foreign characters，So Chinese、The difference between foreigners can be seen at a glance。

　　Consciousness about bet365 sign up offer legislation is gradually emerging

Entering the 20th century，Chinese people are calling for the Qing government to legislate bet365 sign up offer even more loudly。The 32nd year of Guangxu，"Beiyang Official News" serialized "On Urgent Provisions on bet365 sign up offer Law" in Issues 1227 and 1229。The article points out，Civilized countries must have national laws，This method is uncertain，Many obstacles to domestic and foreign affairs。Therefore，my country’s reform of laws must first establish a bet365 sign up offer law，Based on blood principle，Using jus soli as an exception，Awakening the patriotism of the Chinese people。Not only that，This article analyzes the key points and contradictions among legal experts in discussing bet365 sign up offer issues.，Analysis is divided into two aspects: "positive resistance" and "negative resistance"。This kind of rational analysis，It is helpful to deepen the awareness of bet365 sign up offer legislation among Chinese people。

November 26 of the same year、Twenty-seventh，The Times published a series of articles titled "Tianchi" and "Today's bet365 sign up offer Law Should Be Decided"，Advocates that the late Qing government wanted to take back domestic rule，Deciding the bet365 sign up offer law first。This article popularizes to readers the two basic principles of bet365 sign up offer legislation in Western countries: one is jus sanguinis，Advocating that someone follow the bet365 sign up offer of their parents，No matter where you grew up or lived in for a long time；The second is birthplaceism，Advocating that someone was born or lived in a certain country，All should have the bet365 sign up offer of the country。The author further discusses，The law of indefinite bet365 sign up offer in our country has been implemented，If the bet365 sign up offer law is determined，Of course it is better to follow blood doctrine，At the same time, the bet365 sign up offer law should be based on the principle that one person is not allowed to have two nationalities。This article was reprinted by "Oriental Magazine", Volume 4, Issue 2 of the same year。Visible，The intellectual community has reached consensus on the urgency of Chinese bet365 sign up offer legislation at that time。

Late Qing officials also negotiated with China and foreign countries based on national conditions，Proposal to enact a bet365 sign up offer law，To safeguard national sovereignty。July 18, the 32nd year of Guangxu，When Yang Shu, the minister in Japan, was negotiating with the Japanese consul about the application of eight Chinese businessmen to Japanese citizenship，Point out that our country does not have a bet365 sign up offer treaty，Could not handle the matter of Chinese businessmen changing their registration，And once outsiders ask questions，There are often no examples to support，Thus causing differences in each port、Disadvantages of mutual differences。Therefore，Yang Shu’s letter to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs，Can the Minister of Law be consulted to formulate measures for Chinese nationals to change their bet365 sign up offer to foreign countries。July 26，The Ministry of Foreign Affairs sent Yang Shu’s opinions to the Minister of Law，Consultation on the establishment of a bet365 sign up offer law。

February 20, the thirty-fourth year of Guangxu，Liu Shixun, the minister stationed in France, reported to Emperor Guangxu regarding the regulations on immigration and naturalization。In the "Regulations on the Proposal to Propose the Naturalization and Citizenship Regulations for the bet365 sign up offer of Subjects"，Liu Shixun follows bet365 sign up offer and safeguards sovereignty、Execution of current treaties、The political status of overseas Chinese、The four-level relationship between citizens’ rights and obligations，Emphasis on the importance of bet365 sign up offer legislation。He thinks，It is very important to define the bet365 sign up offer relationship of subjects，The country urgently needs to formulate regulations to build the country’s foundation and protect its sovereignty。Liu Shi Xun Memorial, please get approval，Revision of Law Office officially launches bet365 sign up offer legislation matters。

Formulation of the "Qing bet365 sign up offer Regulations" and its detailed rules

The first month of the first year of Xuantong (1909)，Revised Law Office completed the translation of eight bet365 sign up offer laws of various countries，Including "British bet365 sign up offer Law", "U.S. bet365 sign up offer Law", "German bet365 sign up offer Law", "Austrian bet365 sign up offer Law", "French bet365 sign up offer Law", "Portuguese bet365 sign up offer Law", "Spanish bet365 sign up offer Law" and "Romanian bet365 sign up offer Law"；Two bet365 sign up offer regulations: Articles of the Italian Civil Code on bet365 sign up offer、Measures regarding foreigners after the revision of the Japanese Treaty；Three monographs on bet365 sign up offer law: "An Examination of Similarities and Differences in Naturalization Laws of Various Countries", "Comparative Naturalization Law", "Outline of bet365 sign up offer Law" and the Investigator's Opinion。

February 14th of the same year，Revision Law Office completed the drafting of the bet365 sign up offer Bill，Submit to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs for countersignature；February 18，The Ministry of Foreign Affairs will make revisions on this basis，And regulations are planned to be implemented。After review by the Constitutional Editorial Office，The "bet365 sign up offer Regulations of the Qing Dynasty" and its implementation details were promulgated on the seventh day of the second lunar month at the request of the Minister of Constitutional Affairs Yi Kuang and others。It’s worth noting，"Memorial of the Minister of Constitutional Affairs, Yi Kuang and others in compliance with the decree on proposing the bet365 sign up offer Restoration Ordinance"，The country is based on winning the people，People are based on written records；Those registered as Zilaiyan，It’s just a matter of looking at the few，Distinguish between old and young，To pay tribute，Just for official service；The law of bet365 sign up offer governs entry and exit，It is related to the gains and losses of national power，Compliance with the will of the people of Xiaguan。This fully affirms the importance of bet365 sign up offer legislation at the national level。The memorial also pointed out，The original legislative meaning of the "Qing bet365 sign up offer Regulations"，There is no need to focus on attracting loyalties，It is more important to protect your migration。Therefore，According to the situation of the country，China’s bet365 sign up offer legislative principles adopt an eclectic approach that focuses on bloodline，The implementation details refer to the negotiation situation over the years。

The "bet365 sign up offer Regulations of the Qing Dynasty" and its implementation details were based on the late Qing government's own cultural traditions and national conditions，Learn from Western bet365 sign up offer knowledge，To safeguard national sovereignty、China’s first bet365 sign up offer law implemented in response to bet365 sign up offer issues negotiated between China and foreign countries，It is also an important symbol of the formation of the modern concept of bet365 sign up offer among the late Qing people。

　　(The author is a doctoral candidate at the School of History, Renmin University of China)