The rulers of the early Song Dynasty in order to stabilize the political situation，Established "Political Political Affairs for Face，The Institutional Principles of the Law of the Country "。Especially after Song Taizong's movement in the outside world was frustrated，Focus on steering internally，Makes the bureaucratic group permeate the conservative atmosphere。Reflected in ideological and academic，Official Confucianism with the dominant status of the early Song Dynasty，It is still a note with the characteristic characteristics of the chapters and sentences，"Five Classic Justice", etc. It is a legal textbook，Lectures，A book here。But there was also a far -reaching measure at that time，is Chongwen suppressing martial arts、The policy of morale as a nutrient has always been emphasized，and become the basic national policy of the Song Dynasty。to the middle of the Northern Song Dynasty，This policy is finally blooming and result，Revolutionary revolution in the field of ideology，The rise of the new Confucianism。From the perspective of classics，Calculating New Confucianism is "Song Xue" more accurate。It starts with the rule of law、Announcement of the method of interpretation，It is caused by the negation of the learning of the Tang Dynasty。Then develop into the theme conversion and academic update of traditional Confucianism in many fields，Completed the study of the study of the righteousness to the heart of the heart、The change of sexual science。Because of this，The academic and thought of the Song Dynasty has a new weather that is different from the learning of the Han and Tang dynasties。

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The Fourth Kuoguan ministers of the Qing Dynasty first proposed the Han in the history of classics、Song of Song，"Summary of the Book of Siku Quanshu" Volume 1 "The General Seduction of the Ministry" stated: "Since Hanjing，Two thousand years ...，If you are not sinister、Song Xue's two to win each other。"" and distinguish between sinology and Song Xue with emphasis on research or emphasis on righteousness。Dai Zhen said: The Word of the Sage is in the Six Classics，Han Confucianism gets the number of systems，Song Ru's righteousness。Later，Jiang Fan wrote "The Study of the Chinese Dynasty Sinology Division" and "The Study of the Song Xueyuan of the Guo Dynasty"，Differentiated by Sinology and Song Xue distinguished the previous scriptures，received widely recognized。

Han and Tang Dynasties The study of Shuxian uses chapters and sentences、Famous research evidence is the explanation of the scriptures，The method Bet365 app download of admission to family learning as the method of preaching。The end of its abandonment of the classics，separation and cumbersome，Deading Teacher said，Specialist recitation and no invention，The vitality of Confucianism is increasingly exhausting。Puxi Rui commented in the "Five Classics of Justice" and said: "，Said mutual differences，Quest Note，Miscellaneous 谶。... name is Chuangding，It is still the cause still。"Chen Yinque also pointed out:" Tang Taizong advocates Confucianism，To rule Huaxia，But the so -called Confucianism，Non -inherited the chapters of justice, righteousness and sparseness since the Northern and Southern Dynasties。”

The concept of revitalizing Confucianism，can be traced back to the middle and late Tang Dynasty。Han Yu's pain in the weakness of Confucianism，With the article "Original Road"，Push Mencius，I believe that Mencius has the original passage of Confucius，advocates revitalizing Confucian Taoism，The purpose of emphasizing Confucianism is to have something to do。On the one hand, he rejected Buddha、Old，On the other hand, I also put a lot of Buddhist factors in my doctrine。Three articles of "Reunion Book" in Li Yan，Drawing from Buddhism to explain the doctrine of Confucianism，The color of the Buddha's theory is stronger。In the field of classics，help、Zhao Kuang and Lu Chun's new "Spring and Autumn" rise，The gains and losses of the "Three Chuan" in the "Three Chuan"，advocates Li Zhong as teaching、Original love、The thinness of the leather ceremony、The thinness of the leather ceremony，Kai Song people's classics become ancient。

The rise of Song Xue，About the Song Renzong period。With the awakening of scholars' self -consciousness，The field of science appears.，The new fashion of saving the way to save time。Compared with the learning of the Han and Tang Dynasties，The new Confucianism in the Song Dynasty has several main characteristics: first，Not specializing in the old Note of the Confucianism，Emphasize the trace of the source，Pay attention to explain the purpose of the sutra，It has strong suspicion of ancient colors; second，Not restricted in the chapters and sentences、Methods of the Classics of Famous Items，Emphasize the learning of righteousness，more speculative than Sinology; third，Confucianism is not limited to the governance，Pay more attention to self -cultivation，Promote positive and sincere，Through your own swimming understanding and practical practice，To the domain of the sages; fourth，Pay attention to the discussion between free lectures and teachers and friends，The necessary prerequisite for the recovery of the Confucianism as the Everbright Saint -Sacred Portal; fifth，Remove the Bet365 app download Buddha、Old，Highlighting Confucian orthodox status while，Also pay attention to absorbing the essence of each family; sixth，Emphasize the use of Ming Dynasty、Tongjing to use，Guided by the learning of saints，Serving national society。

Fan Zhongyan advocates that the academic must take morality as the first，Taking the Scriptures as the main，Emphasize kinship、俟 time、Jiwu、Shoucheng Four Unified。Hu Yan advocates the learning of "use of the body"，Created "Shen Qian、Tujia、mellow、and Yi Yi "learning style。His "Hong Fankou Yi" "All Note，Self -expressing experience。Detailed method of "Zhou Guan"，Developed eight politics，There is no derogation，Special precise。... Although the essence of the sage is obtained in the same level "，"Zhou Yikou Yi" Bold Scriptures，Independent new solution，It is the pioneer of Song Confucian understanding of "Yi" with righteousness。Sun Fuzhi "Spring and Autumn" added to Lu Chun and added new meaning，Deep discussion，Deep discussion，There is no derogation，It has to create the Song of the Song Dynasty,、Fashion that specializes in the explanation of justice，It is lost in self -made saints，Breaking speculation。Liu Yun Botong Confucianism，Especially good at ritual，Govern "Spring and Autumn" advances and retreat，Determination of Classics，Xun Shi is too far than Sun Fu。The "Seven Classics" with the Seven Classics is also widely respected。Shi Jie "Scripture Boshi，Discussion is firm，With supporting famous religion as its own responsibility "，Deliven to reject Buddha、Old，Opening the new Confucian gong。

Ouyang Xiu is not only the leader of the ancient movement，Also a unique creator。He was the earliest questioner in Song Confucianism，Think: "He Dudu's" Fairy Ci "焉，"Classical Chinese"、"Saying Gua" and lower，None of the works of saints，And the public says confusion，It is not a person's words。Those who studied "Yi"，Miscellaneous speeches，Say non -family，Is the same or different，or or non -，It is not fine，To the world to confuse the world。"This theory had the role of deafening at the time。At the same time，Ouyang Xiu did not deny its value because of the "Yi Zhuan".，He sensitively realized that the interpretation system of the Book of Changes is constantly moving towards abstraction、The process of philosophicalization，Think of the successive presentation of the "Yi Zhuan"，It is a reflection of this process，It is also the basis for establishing the reasonableness of "Yi" learning。He also believes that "Spring and Autumn Three Biography" cannot be fulfilled，"Book of Songs" Mao、Zheng's notes are mostly errors，"Zhou Li" is also the endless book，an important Bet365 app download impact on the formation of the Song Ru's abandonment and even the wind of suspected scriptures。

　　Do not fear floating clouds to cover the eyes on the highest level

Cong Jiayou、Starting during the year of Ziping，The development of new Confucianism enters the second stage。Song Ru is doubtful biography、Disclosure，Instead of immersion in the inspections and discussion of "mind", "sexual theory" and "heaven"。The change of this academic purpose，Not only reflects the impulse of Song Confucianism，It also reflects the time when they reconstruct the heavens and people、Defending the strong mission of Confucianism。

Wang Anshi is a political reformer，Another outstanding scientist。In the middle and late Northern Song Dynasty，Except for Zhezong Yuanyou years,，His "Three Classics" has always been the legal textbook of official education and imperial examinations，Jinggong New Studies also live in the status of official learning for a long time。In terms of academic temperament and method of governance，Jinggong New Studies are the inheritance and development of the learning of the righteousness of the Song Dynasty，Proposal to use the world to use，Break the atmosphere of superstitious ancestors' family laws with "the Word of the King"，Implement a wide range of social and political reforms。He said, "The scripture is the world’ s work，"The purpose of his governance，Most of them are mediocre，Therefore, the worldly thought that the scriptures cannot be performed in the world。"The purpose of his governance，The first is to use。At this point，He and Li Yan pay attention to "Zhou Li"、According to the king system, social and political ideals、The governance manager of designing a rich country and strong soldier blueprint is a vein。

During the reform，He is based on the Confucianism，Zhang Mu for its reform measures。Give full play to the "same customs in" Book of Rites · King "，One morality "thought，Create the "Three Classics"，Try to unify ideological public opinion，Differential changes in the world at the same time as the scholarship。All these，Both the natural product of the development of the classics of the Song Dynasty，It is also a political product that cooperates with the reform movement。

At the same time，Wang Anshi also emphasizes his own learning，Most of the doctrine in human nature and moral science，Become the study of the learning of the Song of the Song Dynasty to the heart of the heart、An important part of the change of sexual theory。Hou Waulu commented: "The learning of moral life，Talking from the Song Taoist，In the academic thought of An Shi，Open a different ‘Pioneer’，Also facts。”

Wang Anshi believes: "The so -called morality of the first king，The theory of life is just。"He has a diverse sexual bet365 live casino games litigation since ancient times、Analysis of the issue of love relationship，Think of sex、Love is a physical relationship，Only internal and external，There is no difference between good and evil。Sex is a pseudonym，Love is the real sense of existing。sex、Love in love，Use it as a bow of Gongya。sex、The good and evil of love，Use it as a broken，Being proper and improper reason，The result of use，Inherent in the non -ontology。Scholars have always been with sex、Love is two things opposing，Advocate the words that have their own love and raise their sex，Is the original original。He said with no good and evil，Not to offset people to go evil and good、The enthusiasm of Huayu for wisdom，but to emphasize the importance of hard work the day after tomorrow，Propuling the moral consciousness of Confucians，Prepare to assume a major social mission。He played Mencius's whole mind、Species of self -cultivation，I think the gentleman stands in school，The way of serving the sage，Can't win the way。Only this，Only when you can keep the Tao，The way of change。Quoting "Fairy Ci"，The way of advocating the sector lies in one，The self -cultivation is Chongde。Only the unity of one to one and the use，Preface to Tao、The journey of self -cultivation can be renewed in the heart。

After Wang Anshi，"The meaning of the original morals，Sight of the Life ""。Song Xue is also doubt、Different Lord、The initial stage of the right name enters the subtlety of gradually involving the mind、Reconstruction of the mature period of the Holy System。In this profound ideological change，Wang Anshi is undoubtedly one of the characters of the momentum。

　　Heart inherit the Confucian Confucianism after Confucianism and Mencius

In the Song Dynasty, it was also called "Taoism"，It is the product developed to a higher stage of Song Xue。The so -called Taoist，The learning of Taoism，It is the inevitable theory of heaven and earth，Of course, the rules of Linkao。The so -called Taoist Tong，is the sage of inheritance truth。is the sage of inheritance truth，Before the Biography of Confulin。Study in the same way with the Qingli、The genres are compared with，New Confucianism from Broadcom to subtle，From the perspective of transit and transit, pay more attention to the discussion of the theory and mind -mindedness，from the complexity and rich movement to standardized standard，The academic system becomes complete and mature，The level of speculation is significantly improved，Therefore, the most important ideological results in the history of the Song Dynasty。

Zhou Dunyi、Zhang Zai、Erwar inheritance and carry forward the idea of ​​Mencius.，Combined with "Zhou Yi" and Buddha、The ontology factors in the Taoism Thought，Proposal bet365 best casino games of heaven and humanity，Inner saints are the foundation of the outer king，The ontology of the body is dedicated to digging and building Confucian moral ethics，Make traditional Confucianism change temperament、Born and bone。

In terms of classic selection，The importance of "Four Books" also exceeds the Five Classics。In their opinion，"The Analects of Confucius" describes the words of the sage，Observation can be obtained by the purpose of preaching; "Mencius" is rich in mental theory and king thought，Profitting to reverse and sincerity，Destiny of Confucius; "University" is positive and sincere、Knowledge of the grid、Xiuqi Zhiping、"The Gate of Entering Morality" connecting heaven and man;。The Word of the Holy Man is in "Four Books"，The nature of "丈 权 权"。"Zhou Yi" and "Shangshu · Hong Fan" as the basic classic for building the Confucian heaven system，Also received special attention。In terms of theoretical depth of the classic interpretation，They pay more attention to the interpretation of philosophy on the basis of righteous understanding。Treatment of Confucianism and Buddha、The relationship between the road，Most of them have bloggers、Entry and exit、The experience of returning to the Confucian scriptures，To the Buddha、Dao Second Education adopted an attitude that was both exclusive and absorbed。

At the beginning of Xining，Two -way is also "the same customs，One moral "enthusiastic supporter，Awarded the idea of ​​unifying the ideas of the country with orthodox science theory，Through the reform education and imperial examination system，Practicing its ideal of revitalizing Confucianism。When Jinggong New Students' Residents are in the official orthodox status，Because "All the students are using the Wang family as a teacher"，Taoism is in a suppressed position。Despite this，They still insist on apprentice lectures，Pay attention to overcome the disadvantages of the new learning itself，Achieve the increasingly serious lesson of ideological dictatorship and utilitarian tendency during the new school independence period，I have proposed a lot of targeted insights，Not only makes your doctrine increasingly refined，and formed a complete set of validity、Unique educational thoughts and methods，Passenger Taoism can be passed on，continuously。to the Southern Song Dynasty，Dao Xue has been suffering several times，But can open the road with tenacious vitality，Finally ushered in academic Changming、The situation of the prosperity of learning。

The rise of the new Confucianism in the Song Dynasty，Adaptation to the social needs of the reconstruction of the dynasty rule and the ethics of the outline of the ethics after the bet365 best casino games departure of the chaos in the late Tang Dynasty。In the external environment of the strong neighborhood，Scholarship devoted themselves to the Classical Classic of Fuxing Classical Tradition，helps enhance the concept of orthodox national and cultural unity and cohesion，The initiative of its ideological culture and politics，More than the previous Han、Tang and Yuan Yuan、Ming，Created the situation of the prosperity of the Wenzhi of the Song Dynasty。But the development of the socio -economic development of the Song Dynasty did not guide the modernization process，The focus of the new Confucianism is not to open a road for the new system，Instead of rebuilding the inherent cultural tradition，and the results of this thought itself constitute a new traditional part。Although Taoism finally won the status of the mainstream ideology，Make great progress in the reconstruction of moral rationality and internal order，But the national spirit has lost Han、The magnificent and pioneering weather in the Tang Dynasty。After the Song Dynasty，Acting method、chastity、Filialism and other concepts are popular，Ethnic standard Cultural benefit and strengthening。During the imperial examination, the Wenwen occupied the spiritual life of the scholars，The creativity that allows them to pursue and explore new knowledge is becoming increasingly dull，This is one of the reasons that lead to long -term stability in Chinese society but fall in a state of stagnation。

　　(The author is a researcher at the Institute of Ancient History of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences)