In today's era，We especially need to review the common points of Chinese and Western culture。In addition to respecting the elderly、Pay attention to life、Putting to loved ones and many other cultures shared by the basic moral standards for the common ethics，Chinese and Western countries have other common value concepts，That is to attach importance to academic inheritance，It is also willing to invest in resources to maintain and continue academic traditions。

Both Chinese and Western society are willing to accept historical experience and academic authority，and find solutions for contemporary problems on the basis of these views。In the operation of the above society，Production and state of professional knowledge、Social management is closely related。This guarantees that important decisions need to be more or less needed to pass through professional review to pass，Dangerous opinions that do not meet historical experience and academic consensus will mostly be rejected，Therefore, it provides a guarantee for the survival of most people。Respect for professional knowledge is an important common value concept in Chinese and Western culture。But sometimes it is because this is the concept of being recognized by people，So it is easy to be ignored，People will think that this is taken for granted，No need to reflect on it。

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Around the 5th century BC，China began to experience major historical changes，The development of the iron smelting industry has promoted the increase bet365 Play online games in population、Urban expansion，The entire social system is changed quickly，Noble rule began to be replaced by bureaucratic rule。The philosophical tradition represented by the pre -Qin sons produced in this historical environment。The sons of the Warring States Period no longer speak for high -level nobles，Instead, an independent sound is made。They represent the new type of "Shi" class，That is, the asset is not a lot，But can get educational resources，Those who love academics and eager to participate in social management work。At that time，The social status of "Shi" is not the highest，But because of the work of writing and inheriting the literature, they are mainly completed by them，At the end of the Warring States Period，The writing of historical documents is almost exactly based on its concept。For example，When we mentioned that the founding monarch of the Shang Dynasty became soup，I will think of his courtiers Yi Yin，King of Wenwen in the Zhou Dynasty、There is also Zhougong beside Wu Wang、Taigong and other characters who reflect the ideal of scholars。The concept of the monarch is inseparable from the scholar is Confucian、Mo Jia、Taoist and other documents can be seen，It can be said that the consensus of literati in the Warring States Period。

Deeply embed the image of scholars into the critical moment in history，Perhaps the most important contribution of the "scholars" in the Warring States Period to Chinese social consciousness。Due to the significant effect on the production of common memory，They can shape the future to a certain extent。"Tsinghua University Tibetan Warring States Bamboo Slip" has a very interesting literature that describes the blueprint of social transformation，Known as "The Way of Governance" and "The Way of Governance" Bet365 lotto review (although there are two title，But the two are really a literature，"The Way of Governance" published in the ninth volume is the beginning of the literature，"The Way of Governance" published in the eighth volume is the end)。This ancient documentation of this ancient document is comparison of beautiful "past" and falling "today"，The system describes the method of returning to the ideal system of the ancient "Emperor"。The content of this literature is not particularly novel，Many of the details can be seen in books such as "Mozi", "Mencius" and "Xunzi"，But its comprehensive description allows us to from macro、On the perspective of the overall perspective, the social ideals of the "scholars" class in the Warring States Period。In fact，The "past" in the text is not the past，but the author's dream at the time，It is also its pursuit of future society。

The author of the literature thinks，Many political problems at the time，Including violent foreign affairs、overestimation of military merit、The rulers do not listen to the opinions of the virgin、The hiring of senior officials depends on the preferences of the aristocracy or the preferences of the rulers instead of Cai Hua and merit、superstition affects political decisions、The well -being of the people has not been valued。To solve these problems，The ruler first needs to believe that he has the subjective，The success or failure of national governance depends on the rationality of the policy instead of the view of the heaven or ghosts and gods。Leaving superstition is the prerequisite for responsible rule，is the beginning of the professional bureaucracy。In a social system，Scholars should be active participants in social management，The academic tradition is to make national governance bet365 live casino games more professional、More moral、More self -cognitive power，instead of being a passive tool for accumulating knowledge and experience。From a historical perspective，"The Way of Governance" and "The Way of Governance", the social transformation blueprint reflected in the paper is not the emptiness of talked on paper，Instead, it reflects the superstition of the Warring States Period、Based on the ruling concept of noble "Wude" to rationality、Represents the transformation of the concept of governance of the bureaucratic "Wende"。China after the Warring States Period has largely realized the description of the ideal society in this literature。Although China has experienced many political changes，But the literati who inherit the academic tradition has a high position in the social management system for a long time。Now，Origin in the "Shi" class of the Warring States Period、Confucian ideas developed in Qin and Han dynasties，It still gets inheritance in China。Although the system has changed，But the ancient ideas about regime and academic tradition did not disappear。

　　Start of the European Eshelling Age

From the perspective of some scholars，The literature of the Warring States Period will help understand Chinese history，But the contemporary world association with Western civilization is not strong。In fact，Modernization and change experienced by European society in the 16th to 18th century is very similar。Canadian scholar Charles Taylor described in detail in the book "A Security Age".。There are many thinkers behind this world of European society，As a Christian，What they advocate is not to abolish religions，Instead of receiving people's responsibility to the world、The subjectivity of an open person，Solve social problems in a rational way，Including very important war and peace issues。Modern bet365 live casino games Europe still has not given up religion，but no longer God、The saint is regarded as the power that can directly affect the society，Therefore, the sense of responsibility of the world has been strengthened。

Like the Chinese in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period，Europeans who have experienced long -term religious wars in the 16th -17th century realized the importance of ease the conflict in a peaceful way。The secularization transformation has changed the mainstream concept of European society: the world that God and man participated in the past became the responsibility of human beings，God will only assist their creators from indirectly from distant places，I will never directly interfere with the operation of its creatives。This process is called "Disenchantment".，You can also see it in the Spring and Autumn and Warring States Period in China。"Shang Shu", "Spring and Autumn", "Zuo Zhuan" and other early literatures have many examples of examples，People at that time believed that historical development (more precisely the existence of the country) depends on the arrangement of the heaven and ghosts，and people can only try their best to cooperate。"The Way of Governance" and "The Way of Governance" oppose this point of view，Proposing national events is the responsibility of the rulers，Sacrifice、Divination and other activities cannot play a decisive role。

　　Chinese concept affects European secularization transformation

The secularization of European society has similar development trajectory as the Chinese Warring States Period of 2000，This is not only historical coincidence，And there is a certain causal relationship。Taylor described in Taylor, which occurred in the European era of the European Jesuit missionaries to start studying China。Their published about Chinese Bet365 app download political philosophy、The works of the ruling system and the translation of Confucian classic works received great attention in Europe at that time。At the end of the 17th century，German philosopher、Mathematologist Geterfed William Libnitz reads Jesus missionary works、How to communicate with it or face face -to -face，I got a lot of information related to China。He believes that China is "practical philosophy" (that is, the country、Social Management) There is an advantage，and advocate that the "missionaries" sent by China through two -way missionary reinforce Europeans' shortcomings in this area。We can see，China's system based on professional management provides an important reference for the transformation of European society。

The secular change of European society has its own development logic，But the understanding of China has deepened the trust of Europeans' rational management。The close exchanges in the past hundreds of years have taken the distance between Chinese and Western，It has formed a lot of common concepts。When we observe different human cultures，I often pay attention to surprising differences，What is worth cherishing，Many times "escape" our sight。Maybe it is because we gradually become the same，Therefore, I no longer pay attention to the role of the other party in their own culture。Responsible、Reasonable、Social management methods to respect professional knowledge，The common value concept that Chinese and European and American society had paid a lot of cost，It is a manifestation of cultural integration and development，It is also an important guarantee for us to look at the future。

　　(The author is a special associate researcher at the Humanities and Social Sciences Institute of Zhuhai Campus of Beijing Normal University、Beijing Normal University -Hong Kong Baptist University United International College Chinese Culture and International Communication Professional Assistant Professor)