"In our era，Everything seems to contain its own opposite side ... All our inventions and progress，It seems that the result is to make material power a wise life，And the life of a person turns into dull material power。"Marx's comments in the middle of the 19th century are still very appropriate for the current intelligent society。Sean Ceerz believes in "Marx and Alien"，As one of Marx's most well -known concepts，"Alienation is one of the few concepts that are still commonly used in daily life，It is also misunderstood and misuses the deepest terms "。Alienation is understood as dissatisfaction with capitalist society and a sense of meaningless life，The generalization of this concept has weakened the critical edge of the theory of alienation。But，Alienation is an inseparable from Marx's capitalist criticism and the theory of communist revolution，You need to return to Marx's original work to clarify its original connotation。

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A large number of discussion in the early works of Marx involves religion、Money、Labor and alienation themes，He concentrated on the general alienation fate of the people under capitalist production in "The Manuscript of the Economics Philosophy of 1844"，and propose "Communism is a positive discardment of private property, that is, the self -alienation of people,"。The economic crisis in 1857 is the first time that capitalism has a worldwide crisis，The revival of the economic crisis and the workers' movement bet365 best casino games directly inspired Marx's creative enthusiasm for "summarizing my economic research all night"。Marx's discussion of alienation and crisis is to achieve transcendence，He believes "with the development of this alienation，On its own basis，People try to eliminate it，The formation of the world market also contains conditions that transcend it "，This comes from revolutionary struggle rather than a process that can be automatically achieved。Critical criticism of alienation or materialization is reappeared again in some chapters of "Capital"，Persons who are designed to propose comprehensive development have proposed their social relationship under common control。

In recent years，Research on the theory of Marx's alienation at home and abroad gradually deepen。In addition to the works of Sayeus and others，Herte also launched "Protective: New Opinions on the Old Concept"，Try to interpret materialization as "recognized forgotten"，By distinguishing between objectization and materialization, the contemporary meaning of Marx's alienation theory。The theoretical research of alienation in "Capital" and its manuscripts is also being promoted，Division of materialization and objectization，To explore the evolution of alienation theory in different periods of Marx，Deepen the subtle features reflected in the transformation of Mark ideas。Generally，The common purpose of the above research can be attributed to the criticalness of highlighting the theory of Marx alienation。It can be said，Although the term related to alienation in the Marx theoretical system is becoming more and more complicated and systematic，But in general, the human creature is separated from its own control and in turn dominate bet365 Play online games the person，Marx connects alienation with capitalist production methods，and transcending alienation first lies in surpassing the capitalist society itself。

　　In the era of intelligence, facing the loss of labor objects

The vitality of Marx's alienation theory lies in the interpretation and criticism of contemporary western society。In a sense，The theory of alienation as a social critical tool has experienced three stages。The early industrial society in which Marx was located in the early presentation of alienation，Can be called the first stage。and Western Marxists in the 1950s and 1960s often use "alienation alienation" to describe the alienation of rich society，They tend to discuss the self -alienation of "normal pathological" as "normal pathological" in daily life from the perspective of existentialism，Under the shape of capitalist consumer culture，Individuals become a kind of homogeneous and hollow -up consumer animal，This can be called the second stage。Alienation in the intelligent era can be considered the third stage of alienation。The risk social theory discussed by Baker and Gadenus is a kind of alienated critical pioneer，They think in the ecological crisis、Gene engineering and other fields，People are facing the unprecedented structural consequences and global risks brought by the capitalist "victory"。With the advent of the new scientific and technological revolution and the era of artificial intelligence，The impact of this kind of technology alienation is becoming more and more obvious。

In a sense，Technology alienation and its abandonment is the logical clue of "Brief History of Future History" in the world in recent years。In a sense,，Marxism is an important source of ideas for "Future Bet365 lotto review History"。Herraley depicts the social transformation that is happening in the era of big data and various worrying future scenes。It shows the characteristic of current technology alienation from two dimensions。On the one hand, the angle of labor，Labor alienation theory has an important position in Marx's philosophy，It "regards labor as the essence of self -confirmation of people"，That is, the fundamental condition of self -satisfaction and implementation of work and career as a person。But the rise of artificial intelligence makes the substitution problem of work imminent，Human beings are facing the loss of labor objects。If most people do not work in the future, they can engage in，Obtaining emotional satisfaction through 3D virtual world may prevail。The Hollywood blockbuster "Number Player" in 2018 shows us this possibility，The bustling and lively in the virtual world in the world in 2045 is in sharp contrast to the lonely formation of the real world，The role of people play in the virtual world becomes the main source of accomplishment。On the other hand，The Internet of Everything is becoming a mysterious force that is alienated and even dominated。Frankfurt School's foundation "Enlightenment Dialectics" emphasizes how the Enlightenment is going to the opposite。"The fundamental goal of enlightenment is to get rid of fear，Establish autonomy "，But quantitative and unity becomes enlightenment standards。Capitalism gives all aspects of the society in a rational form，But the whole of society is increasingly presenting an overall irrational。Herraley pointed out，Biology fully accept mathematical tools，Reasonableization is changing from quantitative object to quantitative bet365 Play online games self -transformation，Human emotions、Feel，and even various freedom decisions are considered to be able to restore into various electrochemical reactions，So as data into the system。The construction of the Internet of the Internet began to be unblocked by information and the convenience of human beings，Once this kind of interconnection system becomes an autonomous system，Freedom of information and enforce everything to the system will become the highest ideology，This system will be transformed into the master of the world，and humans have become chips or programs that are forced to provide information。

　Western theoretical industry worry about technology alienation problems

As Marx said，"The body of the capital can change frequently，But it will not make the capital change at all "，Capital is the key force for shaping the alienation of today's social technology。Herraley emphasized "research history is to get liberation"，Regardless of the historical contribution of capitalism and the long discussion of their disadvantages，still reveal the role of capital in today's technology alienation，He has used Marx's analysis tools or has inherently inherently connected with Marxism。Perhaps this kind of communication has certain inevitability，Another best -selling book "21st Century Capital" is the same。Pikieie and Herram are trying to present the development path of human society in history and future from a magnificent perspective，and Marx may be the greatest grand narrativeist for human history and the future，Contemporary society is still within the perspective of Marxism，The new grand narrative must be to a large extent with Marx's thinking.。

Generally speaking，The criticism of the two people above the contemporary Bet365 app download capitalist society reflects the worry that the intelligent era brings to people to a certain extent，and also actively seeking answers in theory。But from a deeper perspective，This demand is generally still on the level of explaining the world，New exploitation of capitalist society、Technology alienation and other issues can not be mentioned feasible ways，Although they tried to follow the revolutionary spirit of Marx transforming the world，But still stay at the level of governance to apply some restrictions to the wayward capital。In this sense,，Derrida's criticism in "Marx's Ghost" still has timely effect，He believes that the trend of returning to Marx's return to Marx is worthy of attention，"But to prevent a philosophy -literature -based backing back to Marx's occupation，It is nothing more than the neutralization of Marxism，Keep the political instructions of Marx's action to transform the world "。Marx's alienation theory is not just a criticism of morality，It is also necessary to call on people to act to break this alienation situation，So as to realize the society of "free development of all people"。This is also contemporary Chinese Marxism、The essential attributes and internal requirements of Marxism in the 21st century。

　　(This article is a major theoretical issue of Xi Jinping's major theoretical issues in the new era of Xi Jinping (18zda002) phased achievement)

(Author: Department of Sociology and Culture, the Department of Sociology, Culture and Research of the Party School of the Communist Party of China、Cultural Development Innovation and Cultural Zhejiang Construction Research Center)