Marx criticized the mystery of Hegel’s philosophy，Leading to its specific material concept，Therefore it can be said that Marx’s materialist stance was separated from Hegelian idealism，rather than a direct adoption of French materialism or Feuerbachian materialism。We generally regard modern materialism as an independent source of Marx’s philosophy，So we have to face the problem of the combination of materialism and dialectics，And if we show that Hegel’s philosophy contains the possibility of an underlying materialist position，Then "materialism" and "idealism" must be understood as the two basic factors of dialectics，So as to avoid the external combination problem of the two。bet365 bonus code 2023 means，Marx inherited more than just dialectics from Hegel’s philosophy and even the entire classical philosophical tradition，And also includes the gene for materialism。Whether it is Hegel or Marx，We all understand the concept of material from the perspective of the subject’s intermediary activities，Marx’s critical work mainly presents the material concept wrapped in the mysterious shell of Hegel’s philosophy。

If we understand matter from an intermediary perspective，The Marxist view of matter must logically go back to Kant’s thing-in-itself。Although Kant claims that things in themselves cannot be touched by any means of knowledge，It is absolutely unknowable，But after all, he "defined" the thing-in-itself in a negative way，That is, the thing-in-itself is an "inevitable" setting of cognitive rationality，Therefore it can also be said to be a necessary condition for the possibility of knowledge。The German idealists after Kant regard the elimination of things in themselves as their fundamental task，Strive to let things in themselves dissolve in the activities of the subject，In other words, it is to dissolve things in themselves into various forms of mediation，To explain how matter is produced from intermediary activities，In other words, how its "freedom" stipulation was abandoned。If the thing-in-itself represents the direct aspect of knowledge，Then idealists strive to have bet365 bonus code 2023 directness understood through indirection or mediation。The key to the problem is the productivity of intermediary activities，Because of the problem of letting things in themselves dissolve in intermediary activities，Essentially, it is the question of how things in themselves arise from intermediary activities。bet365 bonus code 2023 is the core logic of German idealism，From Kant’s “I think” must be accompanied by all its “representations”，That is, along with all its "objects"，To Fichte’s “Self-set Not-Self”，Going to Hegel’s spiritual “determination” of things in themselves，Could bet365 bonus code 2023 be a reflection of bet365 bonus code 2023 logic。Marx defined the concept of material through social productive labor，Although it leads to a materialist stance，But its logical continuity with German classical philosophy is already obvious。

The end point of German idealism is Hegel’s absolute idealism，And at this peak，It is not difficult for us to see the materialistic qualities it contains。The spiritual direction of Hegel’s philosophy is substantive knowledge，Rather than empty knowledge，But in order to harness the materiality of this knowledge，We have to set an "absolute" spirit，Although the "absoluteness" of this spirit and the "substantiality" it desires are mutually external。In this regard we can distinguish the two motivations of Hegel’s philosophy，The first is the absolute appeal of idealism，This starting point will inevitably lead to the conclusion that subjective activities unilaterally produce objects，The second is the desire for substance that has been reflected in Hegel’s criticism of Jacobi and Fichte，This desire requires absolute spiritual immersion in its concrete experience。The appeal to absoluteness therefore requires separation from experience，The substantive appeal requires close integration with experience，These two opposing motives are strangely combined in Hegel’s dialectic。This contradictory motivation itself is a real bet365 bonus code 2023 activity，Or an abstract expression of social productive labor。Hegel advocates the unity of subject and entity，Advocates that spirit is a living entity，With Marx’s understanding of bet365 bonus code 2023 beings as real、Perceptual and natural existences possessing the essential power of objectivity，is internally consistent。However，Marx did not consider this unity to be an aspiration to be achieved，With the development of productivity，Becoming one of the most significant facts in modern society。Marx actually actualized the second aspect of motivation in Hegel’s philosophy，Make it a prerequisite for philosophical thinking and even bet365 bonus code 2023 real-life activities。Based on this premise，We can understand history as the process in which man and nature generate each other through labor。This process is "intuitive、Irrefutable” proof，In other words，We are already between humans and nature、In the dialectical relationship between subject and object，Then the reality of nature，Already "actual" and "intuitive"。

There can be a continuous transition from Hegel’s philosophical stance to Marx’s stance，And many basic concepts have also changed，If we say that the transition from spiritual consciousness activities to real bet365 bonus code 2023 labor is the realization of subjectivity，Then the bearer of this subjectivity becomes an unavoidable issue。First of all, bet365 bonus code 2023 beings are no longer a being of the spirit，And "directly a natural existence"，It is a natural existence that expresses its own "life"。Man and nature generate each other in the process of bet365 bonus code 2023 production and labor，Labour should first be understood as a natural force。Labor as a force of nature，First of all, it means that it is an activity based on the bet365 bonus code 2023 body，Manual labor is a substantial extension of the bet365 bonus code 2023 body to nature with the help of tools，Mental work is a symbolic extension of concepts to nature。Through this extension，Humans have expanded the scope of humanized nature，And nature has become the inorganic body of bet365 bonus code 2023 beings。Visible，bet365 bonus code 2023 beings are not just natural beings，And it is a "bet365 bonus code 2023" existence，It is a "kind" existence。Natural objects，Nature, including bet365 bonus code 2023 beings, does not exist directly according to bet365 bonus code 2023 standards，The creation of man and nature also means the transformation and creation of man and nature。In this process，“bet365 bonus code 2023” ability appears as a universal and intermediary ability，This is the key for direct natural objects to overcome their directness and individuality。Whether it is a concept or a tool，Or an advanced form of machine as a tool，They all give universality to individual things，Activities that give them a stamp of civilization。bet365 bonus code 2023 labor is based on nature，So it is not as bourgeois economists and philosophers maintain，Pure labor is the source of all wealth。

Universality also contains an intersubjective dimension，This concept also has a material premise in Marx，And occurs in material activities-division of labor。First，Division of labor is an inevitable requirement to implement the universality of labor。If tools represent functional extensions of the bet365 bonus code 2023 body，Then division of labor means the functional extension of bet365 bonus code 2023 groups，Instrumental behavior means that certain parts of the bet365 bonus code 2023 body establish necessary and universal connections with certain parts of nature，The division of labor means that specific parts of the population establish universal and inevitable connections with specific parts of nature，Both are the unity of generalization and specialization。Division of labor can also be understood as the realization of the functionality of tools in bet365 bonus code 2023 groups。Division of labor leads to specialization，And specialization creates sociality。This aspect is the systematization of society itself，The other aspect is economic exchanges，The core is commodity exchange。This kind of sociality is essentially the essential requirement of bet365 bonus code 2023 beings，It can also be said to be the objectification of “bet365 bonus code 2023” life。It satisfies the need for personal life to escape its immediacy，But there is the danger of becoming alienated and becoming a purely natural or quasi-natural object。

The premise of bet365 bonus code 2023 activities also means the limitation of bet365 bonus code 2023 subjects，means the conditionality of subject freedom。In subject-object、In the object relationship between man and nature，Realistic individuals act under natural conditions and create history，The free purpose of the historical subject is organically combined with the inevitable laws of nature，“Natural history” and “bet365 bonus code 2023 history” are inseparable，Restrict each other。In the process of real life，Nature generally means that people have prerequisites that must be met in life，Restricted by material conditions，Following the principle of "things"；History means the creation of bet365 bonus code 2023 freedom，Create according to the "bet365 bonus code 2023" scale。Here in Marx，Freedom can be understood from two aspects，The first is the possession of external nature，First, the essence of one’s own class、Possession of one’s own nature。These two aspects promote each other，Also mutually restricted。bet365 bonus code 2023 beings externalize their own essential power to nature，Incorporate humanized nature into your own wealth，This process is also a transformation and possession of one’s own nature。We can understand this process as a self-sustaining process of the bet365 bonus code 2023 subject，That is, bet365 bonus code 2023 beings have to form their own identity through external objects，And there is always the danger of losing yourself in this process。Therefore，The core of bet365 bonus code 2023 nature is essentially the tension between an object relationship and a relationship with oneself，bet365 bonus code 2023 beings always overcome the alienation of object relationships through critical actions，To maintain one’s own identity。This is the essential structure of freedom。From "Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844" to "German Ideology"，Back to "Das Kapital"，Marx was always clearly aware of the boundaries and tensions between the two，At the same time, we are always exploring the specific forms of bet365 bonus code 2023 intermediary activities，Whether it is alienated labor、Division of labor is still labor that produces exchange value，These are all ways of relating to the material world as envisaged by Marx，It is also the way to overcome it and achieve freedom。

　(Author’s unit: bet365 bonus code 2023 Science Research Center, School of Marxism, Hainan University)