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How to understand the status of labor and its status in the historical view，It is a major theoretical problem for Marxist research。Western Marxist Habermas has transformed Marx's labor concept into Weber -style "purpose tool activity"，It is believed that "Marx's social labor concepts are suitable for distinguishing between the purpose of the spiritual long destination and the lifestyle of the primitive person，but not suitable for the reproduction of human unique lifestyles "，Therefore, it is proposed to rebuild historical materialism。and Pu Shuyong specializes Marx's labor concept into a labor form unique to the capitalist society，It is believed that "Marx theory should not be understood as a commonly applicable theory，but a critical theory specially targeted at capitalist society "，to create a break from the theory before and after Marx，Negative historical materialism as a historical concept。This can be seen，The correct understanding of labor and its status in the historical view of materialism is a major theoretical problem related to the future and fate of materialist history，You need to clarify further。

Marx's labor concept is essentially a philosophical concept，Can't from pure economics、Anthropology and other social science senses grasp。Marx's criticism of philosophy, especially Hegel's philosophy, discovered the value of labor concepts on realizing its philosophical revolution，He pointed out that Hegel "grasped the essence of labor，Objective people、The reality is that the real person understands the result of human own labor "，This improves human practice as a "objective activity" essential rule。Criticism through political economics，Marx's abandoned idealism of labor as a philosophical concept，Starting from the real concept of material production bet365 best casino games activities，Breaking through Hegel's philosophy understands practice only as "spiritual labor" and Ferbaha only understands "the expression of humble Jews"，Practice as "the activity of the perceptual person"。So，The subject is no longer abstract、Able spiritual subject，but a person engaged in material production activities，and the object is not intuitive or free，Instead of nature as a labor object、Naturalization of people who are constantly involved in the world of people。But，This is just one aspect of Marx labor concept。If you just understand it，It is inevitable that Habermas and others are accused of labor as a "purpose tool activity"，No grasp of communication activities。Actually，The point of view of the objective activity between people and nature，Based on the labor of the isolated individual criticized by Marx，instead of real social production labor。Social production labor is a general social labor。It is in the overall social production labor，It is manifested as the object of labor in the vertical structure，The relationship between the subject and nature of the person and the nature，Social relationships that are involved in people to associate with people in the horizontal upwards。So，The practical concept enhanced from the "overall" social production labor constitutes the theoretical cornerstone of Marx's materialist history and even the entire philosophy，It contains both the objective relationship of the main object，It also includes the social relationship between the main body，The former constituted a criticism of Dialectics of Hegel，The latter constitutes a criticism of Ferbaha's abstract person's abstract person's materialism。As Marx's own claim，"philosophers just explain the world in different ways，The question is to change the world "，Marx did not build its own philosophical system，Instead, turn around immediately to study the practical form of practice, namely material production or labor。It is from the labor of the concept of philosophy，Marx directly pointed out in "German Bet365 lotto review Ideology"，"Production of Life，Whether it is to produce your own life through labor，Still produce the lives of others through fertility，Immediately manifested as a dual relationship: on the one hand, a natural relationship，On the other hand, social relations "。It is also from the dual attributes of the nature and society of labor，Marx proposed and clarified the most basic concept and principle of the historical view of materialism，to reveal the basic laws of human society，and guide this as a guidance to achieve the purpose of "changing the world"。

Marx elaborates from the dual attributes of labor to explain the two most basic concepts of productive and production relations.。In "German Ideology"，Marx is based on the natural nature of labor will be unified with criticism of German philosophy, especially young Hegel, and political economics.，Put forward your own productive concept。Marx explicitly pointed out，"As long as you understand the real face of things and the situation of the occurrence of things，Any esoteric philosophical problem ... It can be simply attributed to the facts of some kind of experience。The important issue of the relationship between people on nature ... is an example，This is a question that produces all ‘mysterious and unpredictable skills’ ‘mysterious and unpredictable work” about ‘entity’ and ‘self -awareness’。But，If you know how to have the well -known ‘people and nature’ & uniform ’，And this unity continues to change in each era with the slow or fast development of the industry，Just like the "struggle" of man and nature to promote its productivity on the corresponding basis，Then the above problems will disappear by yourself "。Marx is the relationship between the relationship between the people and nature contained through the material production activities or the "industry".，Then clarify the essential connotation of the concept of productivity on the basis of philosophical criticism，This is the dialectical relationship between "struggle" and "unity" between man and nature，This "struggle" is manifested as dynamic bet365 Play online games productive forces，and "Unification" is manifested as static productive forces。But no matter what，Productivity is always the object of human essential power，Therefore, the concept of productive forces that is equal to wealth creation in national economics has been criticized by Marx's philosophy，Discovery is a human labor。Marx also reveals the most fundamental relationship in real social relations from the social relationship of labor。Marx criticized Ferbaha, although the recognition of the person is also a "perceptual object"，But he did not think of people as "emotional activity"，In other words，No one regards people as a person who is engaged in real material production activities or labor。So，in Ferbahara，In addition to religious love and friendship in daily life，There is nothing else to do。and Marx is from "all the live emotional activities of individuals", that is, labor departure，reveals the realistic social relationship between people from its social aspect。This is the social relationship between people who formed in the labor process or material production process，is production relationship。This can also be evidenced by the text of the word "relationship" in the later Marx，He pointed out，"Anyone where there is a relationship，This relationship is all for me，Animals are not right ‘relationship’，and it doesn't matter at all; for animals，It does not exist as a relationship with his relationship "。Marx's analysis of this relationship is obviously based on the concept of labor，Because he has clearly pointed out in the front，Labor constitutes the standard for distinguishing people and animals，The reason why animals do not happen to have a relationship，The root cause is that its activity is not labor，Social relationships formed in the process of labor that constitute a real relationship that is truly different from the animal world。

Only from the dual attributes of labor can we deeply understand the dialectical relationship between productivity and production relations。According to the basic bet365 live casino games principle of historical materialism，The dialectical relationship between productivity and production relations manifests that productivity is the ultimate determination force to determine social development，Productivity Decisive Production Relations，Production relationships are counterproductive for productivity。In the past, we often abstracted this principle as，It seems that there are two independent things in the development of human society，That is productivity and production relationship，Then the two interaction。In fact, this is two aspects contained in the material production activities of human society，That is the relationship between man and nature and the social relationship between people。Human society has produced the relationship between "struggle" and "unity" between "human and nature" through material production activities，It is the contradictions and laws of shaping the internal operation of social productivity during this dialectical movement，The contradiction of the "dead labor" of the current person and the ‘dead labor’ that has coagulated into a social productivity structure，Both adapt to each other and promote each other "。But "living labor" drives "dead labor" through certain social relationships，So，"Dead labor" constitutes the material carrier of social relations，From this social relationship, transform the social relationship of materialization，Converted into a real force for dominating productivity，So as to transform into a real social production relationship。So，The productive forces determine the production relationship is essentially achieved through materialized labor，That is, through materialized social relations or creating material carriers for social relations;，Social relations based on "dead work" (that is, social relations) affect social productivity structure，to achieve the countermeasure of productivity。This can be seen，Dialectics between productivity and production relations can only be deeply clarified by material production activities or labor。

The basic laws of human society revealed in the historical view of materialism bet365 Play online games can be called a objective law that is different from the laws of nature，Also because of the production of social material production that is, labor can be explained。Marx pointed out，"Our product aggregates is a rule of rule、Not controlled by us、Make our wishes cannot be realized and made our intended material strength，This is one of the main factors in historical development so far "。The key to the question is why "our product" is the product of the main force，Can be a kind of not controlled by us、What about our objective material power? Although the behavior of human society is subjective，The subjective consciousness of the person and the dominance of the subjective power，But not all social consciousness and will into social behavior and strength。This consciousness and will must be objectized and materialized by practice (mainly through labor)，Once this transformation is performed，It will form an objective material force that does not take the individual subjective consciousness and will as a transfer，This objective material power has its own、Do not use personal consciousness and will as a transfer、Objective operating logic and laws，The dialectical relationship between the productivity and production relationship revealed above is the embodiment of this logic and law。It is the dual attribute from the concept of labor，can better reveal the subjective and objective of human society、Dialectics between freedom and inevitable。

Marx explicitly pointed out in the first volume of "Capital"，The dual attributes of labor contained in the product "is the hub of understanding political economy"。This sentence indicates the core position of the dual attributes of labor in political economics，But it has been misunderstood or one -sidedly understood as the dual attributes of labor only have important status and value in political economics，and its status and value in Marxist philosophy and materialism of materialism are ignored intentionally or unintentionally。According to the above interpretation, you can clearly identify，The dual attributes of labor are not only the hub of Marx's criticism Bet365 app download and understanding of its political economy，It is also the hub of understanding the historical view of materialism。If the dual attributes of labor are only regarded as the hub of understanding political economy，It is considered a special existence of a capitalist society，Then it will deny that historical materialism is the same as Pushu is a general view of history，Therefore, it cannot be used as guiding ideology for socialist social practice。This can be seen，The dual attributes of labor are the important dimensions of understanding and grasping the historical view of Marx's materialism。

(Author Unit: College of Marxism College of Capital Normal University)