Marx's "real community" thought does not reach a scientific theoretical height once he appeared，Instead, I have gone through a transition process from humanistic to materialist history。Accurate grasp and system showing the foundation of materialist history of Marx's "true community" thought，It is important to our theoretical research and practice exploration of the common community。

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In the article "Evaluted by the Prussian King and Social Reform" written in July 1844 "，Marx proposed the concept of "real community" for the first time。He said: "The community that the worker is separated，Regardless of its practicality，Still as far as its scale，It is completely different from the political community。... The essence of a person is the true community of a person。"" here，Marx refuted the "one Prussian" (Luger) the community only as the political community with the conclusion of "the essence of human nature is the real community of a person".，It is undoubtedly a certain reason。but also to see，Marx's understanding of "real community" also has obvious defects。Logically,，Based on human nature, define the "real community"，First of all, it is necessary to clarify what the essence of human beings，and Marx did not explain this in this article。Refer to Marx's related discussions in the same period (such as "the fundamental human is itself", etc.) can be found，His understanding of the essence of people at this time has a distinctive humanistic color，That is to separate the specific social relationship of people and only expand analysis at the essential level of human species or class。This humanistic analysis is only discussed with people and God、The relationship between the relationship between people and animals can only be exactly meaning，Once encountering specific social relationships，The abstract side will be exposed。In fact，Marx at this time, the reason why people's nature understands Bet365 lotto review the nature of people，It is because of the influence of Ferbaha，As Engels pointed out in his later years，During this period，"We all became the Ferbaha faction for a while"。Since Marx's understanding of human nature at this time is humanism，So the proposition "The essence of a person is the true community of a person" is a humanistic proposition。

When Marx once again discussed the "real community" in "German Ideology"，His thought has shifted from humanism to the historical view of materialism。When explaining the relationship between the division of labor and the development of the community in this text, he pointed out: "The false community combined by everyone in the past，Always independent relative to each person; because this community is a combination of one class against another，Therefore, for the ruled class，It is not only a completely illusory community，And is a new 桎梏。Under the condition of the real community，Each person obtains his own freedom in your own union and through this combination。"" Obviously，Marx's concept of using the "real community" here is no longer to distinguish between the political community，but to distinguish between false communities、Unreal Community，Political community is just a false community、A kind of unreal community。Marx thinks，The reason why the previous community has falseness、illusion，Because they are based on division of labor and private ownership，There is an individual confrontation in it、Class struggle、Division of interests; opposite to it，"Real Community" is based on the high development of productivity、Universalization、Based on the division of labor and the demise of private ownership，Therefore, the false nature of the community in the past、Unrealism gets abandoned here。

In "1857-1858 Economics Manuscript"，Marx uses the "real community" concept again when analyzing the problem of personal gradual isolation in the historical process。He said: "In a bourgeois society，Workers have lost their object conditions，He just exists on the subject; and things that are opposed to him，Now it becomes a real community，Swallowing it Bet365 lotto review in the workpower，But it swallows the worker。"" here，Marx depicts the upside -down attributes of the capitalist society with the "real community"。He thinks，In a capitalist society，Generally exchanging and eliminating the necessity of "group"，Individuals go to isolated，It is no longer an individual who maintains the community，but currency and capital，"Currency is the community of reality at the same time"。This is a reversed community，It must be reversed to form a "real community"。Analysis method of this political economy indicates，Marx's "true community" thought at this time has entered the specific stage of the specifically use of materialist history。

　　Marx on the basis of materialist historyInterpretation of "Real Community"

Since Marx's "real community" thought has the above transformation process，So when we are grasping this idea，The main objects should be based on the content he explained on the basis of the historical view of materialism。Our understanding and control can be expanded from the following aspects。

One，What is "the real community"。"Real Community" is not the essence of abstract people，Not an abstract community，It surpasses all the past false communities、Unreal Community，Is the community of future communist society。Where in Marx，"Real Community" is equivalent to the "Liberty Unite" and "Liberty Kingdom"。

Its two，The historical coordinates of "Real Community"。In the humanistic stage，Marx believes that communism is "real possession of people through people and for the essence of people"，The historical coordinates of "Real Community" are in the recovery stage of the essence of human category。After creating a historical view of materialism，Marx emphasized that "the real community" is "a" free man consortium that replaces the old -bourgeois society that exists in the old and bourgeoislas of class and class，Its historical coordinates are on the other side of the capitalist production method。

Its three，Basic features of "Real Community"。"Real Community" has abandoned the falseness of the previous community、illusion，authenticity、The true character is its basic feature。This characteristic is that there are no more individual Bet365 lotto review confrontation in the community、Class opposition、Division of personal interests and public interests，The dominance of the individual no longer suffers from material，Realized freedom and comprehensive development。

Its four，The real subject of the "real community"。After creating a historical view of materialism，Marx believes that the subject of the community is not an abstract individual，but the personal personal。"Real Community" is also composed of real personal personal composition，These real individuals get rid of alienation status，Get "free personality"。

Five，The inner principle of "Real Community"。Marx thinks，In the previous community，A person's dependence、The dependence of things constitutes the internal principle of the community。In "Real Community"，Labor products lose the exchange value attribute，The relationship between the subjects gets rid of the dependence on the object，The free joint relationship based on this constitutes its internal principle。

Its six，The foundation of the ownership of "Real Community"。Marx thinks，In the history of human development，"Because the private ownership gets rid of the community，The state has gained coefficients with civic society and existing independence outside the civic society. "，Unreal community born from this。"Real Community" is both a positive abandonment of various communities in the past，It is also a positive abandonment of the previous private ownership，Personal ownership reconstructed based on the joint possession of the means of production，constitute its ownership basis。

Its seven，Dialectics of "Real Community"。The relationship between individual and community constitutes the basic structure of all communities。In a community formed natural，Individuals naturally belong to the community，"The community is entity，Personal is just an accidental factor "; in a modern capitalist society，Relative to the individual and the community，Only "general useful system" that individuals are included in capital weave can become a member of the community; in the "real community"，The relationship between the individual bet365 live casino games and the community is dialectical: on the one hand，"Only in the community can have personal freedom"; on the other hand,，"Everyone's free development is the condition of all people's free development"。

Its eight，"Real Community" implementation method。In the humanistic stage，Marx regards the abandonment of alienation labor and the repetition of the essence of the class as the implementation of the "real community"。After creating a historical view of materialism，Marx realizes that alienation is not the root cause of private ownership，Private ownership is the root cause of alienation。Based on this，He develops from high productivity、Universalization、Private ownership and division of labor、The proletarian revolution and other aspects discussed the implementation of the "real community"。

　　Marx's "real community" thoughtContemporary Significance

Faculty of materialistic history of the "real community" thought of the system of accurate grasp and system showing the foundation of Marx，It has important enlightenment significance for the current theory and practice。

First, it helps to correctly use Marx's "real community" thought。Marx's "real community" idea does not reach a scientific theoretical height as soon as he appears，When we are quoting the thought，Based on the views he explained on the basis of the historical view of materialism。If we cannot accurately grasp the foundation of the materialist history of this thinking，The "real community" idea of ​​Marx humanism in the study as the main cither，So not only our academic efforts are difficult to achieve the expected effect，It will also greatly reduce the explanation of Marxism in contemporary theory and reality、Insight。

Second is to help accurately identify the relationship between "true community" and "community of human destiny"。On the one hand，"Real Community" is different from "Community of Human Destiny"。The essence of the former、Historical coordinates、Basic features、Reality subject、Inner principles、ownership foundation、Dialectic structure、Implementation method, etc. As mentioned earlier; the latter is the global development community of today's era，Historical coordinates on the shore of the capitalist Bet365 app download production method，Basic features are co -construction and sharing，The main body of reality is the ethnic state of the era of globalization，Internal principles are the common interests and common values ​​of all mankind，The basis of ownership is the global ownership structure that coexists in capitalist private ownership and socialist public ownership，Dialectic structure, that is, the relationship between the individual and the community is still based on the dependency relationship of objects，Implementation method is the global reasonable division of labor allocation based on the rapid development of productivity。On the other hand，"Real Community" and "Community of Human Destiny" are closely related。The former is the long -term goal of the latter，The latter is the realization of the former's realization of the foundation，We cannot simply cut the relationship between the two。

Third, it helps to reasonably promote the construction of contemporary communities。Current，Whether it is creating a community of social governance，Still build a community of human destiny，All need to follow the basic principles of Marx's "true community" thought: First, the principle of reality。We can’t understand the community at the essential level of abstract people，Promoting the construction of contemporary community cannot just resort to the power of rationality and morality，Instead, it is necessary to rely on the real material practice of reality。The second is the principle of dialectics。In the construction of contemporary community，To dialectically treat individuals and communities、Personal interests and public interests、The relationship between personal value and common value，Maintain the necessary balance between the subjectivity and the public，Avoid moving towards extreme individuality and abstract integrity。Third is the historic principle。Entering "Real Community" is a historic cause，It is necessary to gradually create conditions for human society。We cannot historically treat the relationship between "false community" and "real community"，In the construction of contemporary communities, it cannot bet365 live casino games be separated from historical conditions to blindly target the "real community"，Instead of maintaining a reasonable tension between "doing its best" and "doing force"。Fourth is the principle of energy。"Real Community" is the inevitable prospect of the development of human society。So，We are in the current now、Practical Construction of Contemporary Society Community，Also full of confidence in its long -term goals，Perseverance to promote contemporary communities in the direction of "real community" in a dynamic practice。

(Author Unit: Department of Philosophy of Suzhou University)