An uncertainty and risk of uncertainty and risks based on the era of the post -financial crisis era,Revisiting the basic methods and theoretical insights of Marx,Explore the alternative plan of human society for the capitalist system,Seeking a more fair and reasonable way of global governance,Become the new historical agenda and theme of the new foreign Marxist Marxism。Dan Schiller, a critical communication scholar in the United States、British Marxist communication scholar Christian Fuchs、Canadian Marxist communication scholar Dallas SMYTHE and others, such as Western left -wing scholars, criticized the communication political economy of contemporary capitalist digital gaps and hidden control,presents the global digital governance crisis from different perspectives。Analysis of Schiller、Fox、Critical Critical Criticism of Marxism, such as Smesi, etc.,It is conducive to presenting a digital gap under the logic of contemporary capitalist social capital、Hidden control and new risks brought to global governance,Revealing technology、Capital、The super power formed by the integration of power to intensify the inequality between the country,Discuss public data sharing、The future significance of network space security for the new form of global digital governance and human digital civilization。
Bet365 app download The process of equalization has a profound impact
When the digital technology is combined with the capitalist system,Become a tool for capital accumulation and the indispensable motivation for capitalist survival and development,Human experience and being experienced,is Schiller's digital capitalism,Its typical features are reflected as: the information network penetrates all aspects of capitalist economy and culture in an unprecedented way and scale。Some Western scholars think,Digital technology can surpass the old capitalist structural inequality,Revolutionary changes that cause resource sharing and joint creation,Even asserting that digital technology will create "friction -free capitalism"。Different from this view,Isler、Fox、Western left -wing scholars represented by Smesi and others, they have a critical perspective,Exploitation and inequality of digital capitalism,Inspired discussion,and concluded that the possibility Bet365 app download of digital technology brings the possible development of social space,It does not mean that social inequality and differentiation have disappeared,Instead, it becomes more and more serious。
Fox revealed how "productive consumers" (Internet commodity users) as consumers,Share the work again、Vote、Evaluation and other online participation methods,Provide free labor for Internet companies,And this free "freedom" labor,It is easy to cover the unequal relationship between capital and labor。In his opinion,multinational digital capital fully uses various production methods of previous capitalism,and the dominant capitalist production method,Acceleration、Strengthen the exploitation of digital workers in various forms,Maximum profits in the international scope,Then created a "world" that exploits global digital labor。
Schiller also pointed out,Digital capitalism brings radical social and technical changes,but not reduced,It may increase inequality and the rule of capital。When people generally hope in the digital transformation of the information and communication industry in the 1970s, when the capitalism can help capitalism get rid of the crisis,He gave a frustrating answer: digitalization will not only slow the capitalist economic crisis,The gap between reduced economic inequality,Reduce labor exploitation,opposite,Digital capitalism is increasingly showing the trend of "digital decline"。Digital networks on the embedded impact on the stagnation crisis in 2008 and since then to this day,Specific performance as further deepening of the market system。
By analyzing the market、Technology、Education and other fields related changes,Schiller pointed out,Under the influence of new liberalism or market -oriented policy,The telecommunications system has been given a new social purpose。This drama has enhanced the strength of the multinational company,At the same time, it also exacerbated the existing social inequality phenomenon。Not only that,The Internet and the entire telecommunications system that is inseparable from it,The primary feature of the multinational economic activity,multinational networked production not only plays the role of new liberal policy reform,Positive threat to weak sovereign countries,and have a profound impact on the global labor market and world labor division of labor。The welfareism of public services is increasingly replaced by new market logic,Social inequality is becoming more serious。
So,Digital capitalism bet365 best casino games not only does not eliminate,Instead, it has increased the instability and disadvantages of the market system,That is inequality and weaken with strong。New imperialism dominated by the United States is based on digital technology,Taking financial capital as the master,Realize its economic hegemony by dominating core technology and network processors,Data hegemony has a huge impact on the economic, social and international political and economic structure。Correspondingly,Knowledge monopoly has also become a new way to digital imperialism plundering world wealth,Digital imperialism is intensifying global inequality。Visible,Under capitalist conditions,Digitalization does not mean that class confrontation and exploitation have been eliminated,opposite,"Marriage" Bet365 app download of digital technology and capital,Make digitalization as capital occupation of labor products,and transform it into a privately accumulated tool。In the real world,Some people and prolazed people、The connected and unconnected,There are huge number of unequal numbers everywhere。
Brief words,With the popularity Bet365 app download of digital technology and global flow of capital,New society inequality appears,The exploitation tendency of the Internet is intensified,The "digital gap" between data ownership and data control is increasingly deepened。Structural numbers that cause social wealth to flow towards the ruling class,Disadvantaged groups are not only facing huge challenges,And because of the limitation of the ability of digital technology, it was deprived of a series of basic needs。other,Digital gap may also give birth to different forms of power,This can cause social uncertainty and anxiety。Formation of the Digital Empire,It can even compress the two ends of extreme inequality in the same space field,So as to create a big capital of the big capital of the disadvantaged group。
Conscious industrial production and stealth controlChallenge for the democratization process of global governance
If Schiller、Fox mainly reveals the profound impact of digital capitalism on the process of global governance equality.,Smetes' conscious industrial production and invisible control,It reveals the illusion of democratic potential of network technology,and its challenge to the process of global digital governance democratization。Simi Simi has risen digital labor into a conscious industry to understand。According to Sima's discussion,Development of wireless technology based on spectral Bet365 lotto review (spectrum),Time and space disorders that can overcome the workplace separated from entertainment venues,People can obtain the network equally anytime, anywhere,and get any data and information required through the network,The prosperity and democracy of the Internet,Blogening value is based on the value of use value。The so -called "conscious industry",In Smeti, it mainly refers to a communication ability that emphasizes productivity and comprehensive management of consciousness itself。
In the production of the conscious industry,The audience of the product is important。Free labor paid by the audience for advertisers,Overall ensuring the sales and consumption of goods,But because this free labor is hidden in entertainment、Behind the appearance of leisure,Therefore,The fantasy of the audience's democratic potential of network technology can easily cover a fact: in digital capitalism,The exchange value of information is overwhelming value。In other words,The continuous medium of digital network technology to our lives,A invisible digital monitoring has quietly implanted people's daily life,Not only the individual in this invisible digital monitoring is reduced to free cultural labor,And the social relationship between people is increasingly facing the danger of being reduced to capital proliferation tools。
From Foucault's "punishment society","Control Society" to Dellez,Then go to Han Bingzhe's "Transparent Society",The control of the people is no longer based on the institution,but based on the body of the activity、On the basis of continuous surveillance of emotion and capital flow,People are interpreted from information,Become the object of "Analysis"。Even what Han Bingzhe said: If Foucault once described the rules of individuals in modern society with a panoramic prison,So current,We didn’t experience the end of the panoramic prison,but a brand new、The beginning of the non -perspective panoramic prison。From Han Bingzhe's view,Characteristics of interpersonal communication in "transparent society",Individuals through self -display and self -exposure,Participate in the construction and operation of the "transparent society"。When people are no longer based on external compulsory,Instead, when it is spontaneous to expose yourself,When leaked the concerns and fear of personal private areas,When letting you show your needs,Monitor society becomes perfect。
"Surveillance Capitalism" is the concept proposed bet365 Play online games by Shoshana Zuboff in the book "Monitoring Capitalism",If "monitoring capitalism" expresses the order of the free market order、Social democracy is threatened、A series of digital conditions such as the crisis of individual survival,So,Han Bingzhe's "Transparent Society" further revealed the deeper digital psychological dependencies from "monitoring" to "voluntary display"。No matter what,Capitalism in the Digital Age,It does not seem to be able to provide equality -based、Democratic vision of trust,Because trust can only exist between "knowledge" and "unknown","Transparent" is a state that eliminates all "unknown",Therefore,It does not leave any space for trust。So far,In reverse meaning,The more transparent,The more I don't trust。Highly transparent society,It is precisely a highly unwilling society,Is a vulnerable society with a vulnerable foundation。Due to the increasing trust of trust,Society rely more on monitoring。
In addition,A transparent society fully follows the logic of a performance society,"Thoroughly illuminating" means "extremely exploit"。Christoph Kucklick (Christoph Kucklick) pointed out in its book "Gragon Society",Digitalization era is trapped in a governance paradox: highly opaque digital machine,is creating the transparent transparent。The governance problems arising from the paradox of the governance are manifested as: how to make the program become transparent、At the same time of reviewing openness,Do not ignore the legitimate appeal of the company and the country for confidentiality。The country is stressed,On the one hand, protect the people,It is not injured by the dazzling light;。This opaque and transparent paradox,It also triggers our reflection on smart machines and its inner algorithms。One aspect,A new、The power that is almost impossible to control can be ruthlessly perspective and calculated on us; on the other hand,,We are facing "invisible machines",Digitalized machines get rid of our control,Have huge power。This power is deeply rooted in culture and society with the logic of its invisible domination and rule,Become a stereotype,Shape people's belief system。
I believe that data can solve all ideological illusion,Further cause the "de -political" trend of digital governance,Digital imperialism with the help of this hidden "big data empiricalism",Monitor and pick up global digital information,Seriously threatened the political and cultural security of various countries。Herbert Bet365 app download Schiller proposed the concept of "geopolitics of information",Emphasize the impact and control of information on physical space。He thinks,The impact of the algorithm on the geopolitical network of network space,It is mainly reflected in the two aspects of digital gap and international information manipulation caused by algorithm power。Digital gaps under the blessing of the algorithm,The differences between the differences between developing countries and developed countries in the network space are increasingly obvious。Control through algorithm,Developed countries can deliberately spread misleading information on the social media network,Use a digital algorithm -based communication mode to manipulate public opinion。
Global Digital GovernanceNew Vision with Human Digital Civilization
With the in -depth development of global digitalization,The digital economy has become an important direction for the development of the world economy。However, from the perspective of globally,Unbalanced development of the digital economy,New digital governance rules have not been established,System supply seriously lacks,The traditional global governance mechanism is impacted,Protectionist、Unilateralist thoughts look up,The traditional global governance system can no longer meet the development requirements of the era of digital globalization,Governance deficit presents an intensified trend。
The government should consciously respond to the risks and challenges of the Internet era,Promote the establishment of open、Fair、Non -discriminated digital business environment,Cracking the current global digital governance deficit,Especially to formulate international rules of network space、Improve global governance capabilities、Promoting the sustainable development of economic culture and society、Eliminating digital gaps and digital barriers is the main goal。The global digital economy is open and closely connected for the whole,Cooperation and win -win is the only positive way,Closed to him、Apotic splitting will only enter the dead alley。
The acceleration Bet365 app download of digital technology may exacerbate global inequality,It may also be a catalyst that reverses global inequality,That is to say,If you cannot get rid of the dominance and fetters of capital interests,The accelerated development and application of digital technology will undoubtedly deepen the existing digital gap,Social tear that causes fragmentation and centrifugation,Bet365 lotto review Finally destroying the benign development process of digital technology; instead,If you are constantly innovating、Perfect the use of digital technology,Always consciously consider how to deal with possible risks and inequality challenges,Consciously abandon exclusion、The values of control and competition,On behalf of tolerance、Sharing and reciprocal values,Reduce the inequality that may be expanded,may guide the digital gap、Strengthen the beautiful prospects of human digital civilization with global heart power and cohesion。In the journey of opening a new era of human digital civilization,China will undoubtedly play a more important constructive role,firmly practicing "dialogue without confrontation、tolerance without exclusion,Efforts to expand interests convergence、Global governance view of governance,Stimulate the potential and vitality of digital economic cooperation,benefit the people of the world。
(This article is the general project of the National Social Science Foundation "The Study of Contemporary Capitalism Criticism of Foreign Marxism in Global Governance" (20BKS162) in the phased achievement)
(Author Unit: The College of Marxism University of Tianjin University)
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