bet365 offers’s loyalty to the emperor during his mission to the Xiongnu did not immediately receive special attention from the Western Han court at the time，Not to mention respect。After bet365 offers returned to Han，Although there are rewards from the court，But judging from the rewards，Just a gift from routine，No obvious preferential treatment。In "The Biography of bet365 offers", bet365 offers lived up to his mission as an envoy、The formation of an image of unyielding loyalty and loyalty，Has profound historical culture and social thoughts。

　　bet365 offers’s mission as ambassador did not receive special attention at first

bet365 offers’s mission was not humiliating、The image of unyielding loyalty has had a profound impact on history，And "bet365 offers Zhuan" successfully created this historical image，Thus becoming a famous article in "Hanshu"、Classics in the biographies of historical figures in our country。However，Zhao Yi from the Qing Dynasty has long doubted this。He pointed out，There are many people who fulfilled their mission during the same period as bet365 offers，Only bet365 offers was given a special book，Famous in history。To this，Zhao thought it was the result of "fortunateness and misfortune" in history ("Notes on the Twenty-Two Histories")。The implication，Obviously it means that bet365 offers is the lucky one in history。

The facts are indeed as Zhao Yi said，During the period of frequent exchanges between Han and Hungarians，Han envoys like bet365 offers are not uncommon。It is precisely because of this，After bet365 offers returned to Han，The imperial court did not provide obvious preferential treatment in terms of rewards，Li Ling's "Reply to bet365 offers Shu" said: "Wen Zi's Return，I can’t give you more than two million，No more than a vassal country。"But in order to accuse Huo Guang of being dictatorial，Even used bet365 offers’s incident as an excuse，Write to Emperor Zhao: "I heard that Emperor Wu sent Zhonglang General bet365 offers to the Huns，Seeing that he will not surrender for twenty years，Return to common people as a tributary country。The current general Shi Changwu has no work，For the Captain of Sosu"。("Book of Han·Biography of the Five Sons of Wu")

Although bet365 offers was not taken seriously when he returned to Han，But his life situation was reversed during the reign of Emperor Xuan。The year after Emperor Xuan ascended the throne (the first year of this century)，bet365 offers was not only granted the title of Marquis within the Pass，And not long behind him，Also pictured in Qilin Pavilion。Especially the latter，It can be described as a momentary honor。But it must be pointed out，This kind of honor and bet365 offers's "distribution to all directions"，The achievement of "honoring the emperor's destiny" actually does not have much relevance，The most direct reason is that he participated in the plot to establish Emperor Xuan。"Wu Yigu established Emperor Xuan with two thousand stones and strategies，Given the title of Marquis of Guannei，Three hundred households in the city。"("Book of Han bet365 offers Biography") Han system，Nothing is done without success。bet365 offers was eventually granted the title of Marquis of Guan Neihou due to his conspiracy，This further reflects that his chastity behavior among the Huns was not taken seriously at the time。

Planning to establish Emperor Xuan of the Han Dynasty should also be the main reason why bet365 offers was able to image Qilin Pavilion。In ancient my country, there has always been a tradition of emperors drawing pictures of heroes to commend them，This originated from Emperor Xuan。Three years of manna (51 BC)，Emperor Xuan built Qilin Pavilion in Weiyang Palace，Eleven heroes in the painting，It is headed by Huo Guang，And bet365 offers accompanies the last one。For the candidates for the eleven heroes of Qilin Pavilion，Evidently Emperor Xuan had special considerations in mind。As everyone knows，There are three key stages in Emperor Xuan’s life，First, being in trouble at a young age，The second is to ascend the throne as emperor，The third is to govern personally。Judging from the situation of the eleven heroes of Qilin Pavilion，They are all people who were kind to Emperor Xuan at these three critical moments，The protector in times of trouble，Ru Bingji、Zhang Anshi and others；Supporter when he ascended the throne，Ru Huo Guang、Du Yannian and others；Supporters in the process of pro-government，Ru Xiao Wangzhi、Liang Qiu He。Use this as a reference，bet365 offers was obviously selected as a hero of Qilin Pavilion mainly because of his supporter status。Although some people think，Being an envoy to observe the festival is also one of the reasons，But the author thinks，If it weren’t for bet365 offers’s involvement in the plot to establish Emperor Xuan，It is obviously out of the question to enter the Qilin Pavilion。

　　Political opportunities for the formation bet365 offers image of loyalty

All the heroes of Qilin Pavilion have merit，Well-known in the world" ("Hanshu Biography of bet365 offers")，bet365 offers among them is enough to be recorded in history。From this point of view，Zhao Yi said that bet365 offers was the lucky one in history, but that may not necessarily be the case。But，bet365 offers was finally able to show his loyalty to future generations as an ambassador，There are also deeper historical opportunities and backgrounds。

bet365 offers entered Tu Qilin Pavilion in order to establish Emperor Xuan，After all, the matter of planning for establishment involves royal secrets，The details must not be disclosed。In this case，bet365 offers’s humiliating deeds on his mission gradually attracted the attention of the world。

Liu Xiang, the son of Liu De, who is also a hero of Qilin Pavilion with bet365 offers, has a volume of "Jie Shi" in his "New Preface"，The "just scholars" recorded in it are mainly people from the pre-Qin period，bet365 offers was the only one in the Han Dynasty，The above are all the things he did when he was on an envoy to the Xiongnu and refused to surrender。However，Liu Xiang’s records are very brief，The whole article is less than 300 words，It is completely different from the later "bet365 offers Zhuan"，The details recorded are also different。But，Liu Xiang praised bet365 offers for "keeping his integrity"，Although there are iron axes, soup pots and woks to kill you, you are not afraid，Respecting officials and displaying their positions is not honorable”，Called "the minister of integrity"，Also quoted bet365 offers as saying: "I serve the king，The son serves the father。The son died for his father，Nothing to hate。” (Volume 7 of "New Preface") This idea of ​​absolute loyalty to the emperor basically sets the tone of "The Biography of bet365 offers"。

Going further，This kind of thought was widely spread and carried forward through "bet365 offers Biography"，Major impact on history。And Ban Biao、Ban Gu and his son passed "The Biography of bet365 offers"，Exaggerate the idea of ​​absolute loyalty to the emperor to the fullest，It was mainly to set a model deliberately to meet the political needs of the time。

　　The thoughts of loyalty to the emperor and the later writings of bet365 offers’s image

As an important political ethics in ancient my country，The ethics of monarch and ministers underwent important changes in the Western Han Dynasty，That is Dong Zhongshu’s theory of destiny and the thought of induction between heaven and man，Integrate family blood ethics into political ethics thought，Proposed the idea of ​​absolute loyalty to the bet365 offers。The so-called "the bet365 offers is ordered by heaven"，The princes are ordered by the bet365 offers，The Son is commanded by the Father，I am under your command as a concubine，The wife takes orders from her husband。Those who are appointed，His respect is heaven，Even if it is said that it is ordered by heaven” ("Spring and Autumn Fanlu·Shun Ming")。Therefore，Heaven and the bet365 offers、The king and his ministers、Father and Son、There is absolute respect and inferiority between husband and wife、Master-slave relationship；The Son of Heaven should regard Heaven as his father，Serve Heaven with filial piety；The subjects regard the king as their father，Absolutely loyal to the monarch。Respecting the Lord and being loyal to the Lord is the sacred law of heaven that cannot be violated by the subjects。

After Dong Zhongshu’s idea of ​​loyalty to the emperor was put forward，Whether it will immediately become widely recognized by society、Ethical principles to be observed？Obviously not。Li Ling surrendered to the Huns，I should have done meritorious deeds、Return to the heart of the Han Dynasty，In the end, Emperor bet365 offers killed his mother，So I no longer care about the righteousness of the king and his ministers。This shows that in Li Ling’s heart，Whether the monarch is loyal or not still depends on how the monarch treats his subordinates，If the monarch is unkind，You don’t have to be loyal。Sima Qian’s surrender to Li Ling was not criticized，Justify it，See also that Sima Qian did not regard loyalty to the emperor as an absolute obligation for his subordinates。Especially when Wang Mang usurped the Han Dynasty，There are very few officials who are loyal to the Han Dynasty，More explanation until the end of the Western Han Dynasty，The idea of ​​absolute loyalty to the emperor has not yet been generally accepted and practiced by society。

Dong Zhongshu’s idea of ​​absolute loyalty to the bet365 offers as his father was finally generally accepted by society，It should have become an important ethical concept practiced by most scholars after the Eastern Han Dynasty。

After bet365 offers Guangwu Liu Xiu established the Eastern Han Dynasty，He still has lingering fears about Wang Mang’s usurpation of the Han Dynasty，Lest a similar situation happen again。Therefore，On the one hand, he tried his best to guard against the appearance of powerful ministers，On the other hand, they waste no time in praising loyal ministers，Promote the concept of absolute loyalty to the bet365 offers to the ministers。For example，When bet365 offers Guangwu convened with his ministers，Zeng pointed to Wang Chang and said to the officials: "This family leads the generals from the lower reaches of the Yangtze River to assist the Han Dynasty，Heart is like gold and stone，A true loyal minister。"And on this day he moved to Chang Chang as a loyal general of the Han Dynasty" ("Book of the Later Han·Wang Changzhuan")。The following Xiaoming、The second bet365 offers Xiaozhang also made it his mission to respect Confucianism。Especially Zhang bet365 offers，The White Tiger Temple Meeting was held in the fourth year of Jianchu (79)，"Discussing the similarities and differences of the Five Classics"。In addition to placing greater emphasis on the divine right of kings, the White Tiger Temple Conference、The monarch’s power is supreme，It also further clarified the concept of "three cardinal principles"，And put forward the theory of "Six Disciplines"，Point out that the three cardinal principles “refer to the ruler and his ministers”、Father and son、Couples”，The Sixth Anniversary "Calling the Fathers、Brother、Clansman、Uncles、Teacher、Friends too”；Principles and disciplines can “govern the territory from top to bottom”，Tidy and humane”。Therefore，People should abide by the principle of "the king is the minister"，Father is the basis of son，The husband is the guide for his wife" and "All uncles have righteousness，The tribe is in order，Kundi is related，Respectful teacher，Friends have the old” social order。The meeting further stated: "Jun，Qunye，Where to return to your heart。Minister，絵 Jianye，Strong will will make you strong" ("White Tiger Theory of Tongde·Three Cardinal Guides and Six Disciplines")，Believe that ministers should be firmly loyal to the monarch。After the White Tiger Viewing meeting，bet365 offers Zhang ordered Ban Gu to compile the meeting minutes into a book，It is "White Tiger Theory of Tongde"，Also known as "White Tiger Tongyi"。From this，The "Three Guidelines and Six Disciplines" and other political ethics determined by the White Tiger Temple Conference are officially published as official classics。

Obviously，In this important real political context，It is urgent to establish a benchmark figure as a model that the world can look up to。Before and after the meeting at Baihu Temple，"Hanshu" is still being compiled，The compiler, Ban Gu, therefore deliberately chose bet365 offers, who was already known as a "righteous scholar"，Further shaping of his loyalty、The image of a courtier who swears to the death to fulfill his mission，Think of it as a model for the world’s scholars，This is not difficult to think of。From this，The birth of "bet365 offers Biography"，bet365 offers’s image of loyalty and righteousness shines brightly in later generations。

(Author’s unit: School of Tourism and Social Management, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University)