The international order after World War II was built around American -style democracy and intricate institutional networks。The United States is not only the original creator of the network，and constantly use power to maintain the rules network centered，and to a considerable extent, grasping the right to formulation and interpretation of the rules of the game。

　　bet365 live casino games

The reasons for the international rules system 

Based on open、The hegemony governance method based on multilateral international rules network allows the United States to obtain excess income from hegemony，The premise is compared with other international acts，The relative strength of the United States has an overwhelming advantage and unilateral control ability。With the development of the development of China and emerging market countries,，The status of unilateral hegemony in the United States is loose，The decline trend of relative strength is obvious，The ability to control the world in the United States is no longer back.。For the interdependent liberal international order that is shaped by one hand，The United States no longer has wealth and authority that is sufficient to dominate it。

The decline of relative strength makes it difficult for the United States to open through traditional openness、Multilateral international rules exercise hegemony，This is the main reason why the United States adjusts its international rules and strategies。On the one hand，China Effectively use the development of international multilateral rules、The facts of growth，Let the United States start to re -position the function of the international rules system。Especially after adding international organizations such as WTO，China ’s adaptation to existing international rules exceeds US expectations，Although the existing multilateral exchange channels and rules have bet365 live casino games not caused developed countries and emerging market countries、Developing countries are on an equal competitive platform。On the other hand，Rise with strength，Emerging market countries are mostly required to increase the proportion of their own interests in the system and the right to speak，Promote adjustment of unequal distribution methods in the existing rules system，Requires more fair and reasonable international rules arrangement; relatively powerful US control openness、Multilateral international rules network and communication、The difficulty of trading channels is increasing。Based on this，The United States began to re -evaluate its dominant open、Multilateral international rules system in consolidation of American hegemony。

　　The United States via the "Club" mode 

hedge multilateralism 

The United States is unable to continue to bear the fiscal burden of the world's dominance in the single world，However, it cannot be weakened by its dominant position due to the rise of the majority of developing countries。In the relative decline stage，The strategic goal of using and shaping international rules in the United States，First, reduce the control cost of multilateral mechanisms that are currently huge and many constraints; the second is to reduce the benefits of damaging competitors in the rules system，Increases the benefits of the major developing countries such as China in the rules system，Equipping its development momentum。This has led to the logic of the United States' treatment of international mechanisms and rules. From the perspective of mutual dependence, mutual benefit to zero and competition ideas，The positive and game of the positive and game that previously seemed to be in economic cooperation and competition will be replaced by the zero -sum game that is designed to compete and seize the scope of power。

In military、Finance、International division of labor、High -tech、Energy and strategic resources and other core areas，The main forms of the United States leading international organizations and rules have changed bet365 best casino games from an open "global model" to semi -closed "club mode"，From diversified encouragement, the transformation is transformed into the US standards and needs to be admitted for condition。The idea of ​​adjusting this strategy is，Set a high standard entry threshold by setting up at the starting point of participating in the game rules，Absorbing the formulation of the rules of members who consolidate the status of the US hegemony and realize the benefits of their will，At the same time, the major developing countries such as China are excluded outside the rules system。The transfer process of "Global Model" to the "Club Model" reflects the two major adjustment directions of the US's international rules strategy。On the one hand, in the coverage area，The focus of the United States is to control international multilateral organizations and rules networks，Gradually transformed into a reconstructed area and cross -regional cooperation mechanism and rules，Then we dock and integrate it in accordance with US standards and global strategic layout。On the other hand, in terms of participation，The United States no longer encourage most countries to enter the new "club"，Instead, selective selection and restrictions to members through certain standards。Adjustment through the above，The United States strives to re -establish and consolidate its absolute dominance in the field of core rules，Ensure that the new mechanism and the efficiency of the international rules network in consolidation of hegemony。

　　US International Rules Strategic Adjustment 

A reflection on the policy of China 

With the strength of the strength of China and the United States, the change of each other，The development of the United States in the field of integration of China in the field of international rules is developed，Its main functions have transformed from a win -win framework for mutual benefits to the use of international rules to be targeted to suppress China's zero sum mode。

The American elite class realizes，In the relatively declining stage, the United States, the ability and policy space for China'Bet365 app download s strength to continue to rise。So，The focus of the United States for China's use of rules and strategies is not to eliminate China's strength through the competition of rules，Instead of manipulating international organizations、The international rules and the international community evaluation system to restrict the space and effects of China's use and exerting strength，Prevent China's transformation of the rise of rising into the corresponding international status and influence，Containing China's development in the international rules system。Specifically reflected in the following three aspects: one，In the existing multilateral international mechanism，Targeted energy -saving emission reduction、Environmental Protection、Technical standards、Modification or reshaping rules in the fields of intellectual property rights，Reduce China's competitive advantage;，outside the existing global organization，Build another regional or cross -regional mechanism with substantial discharge，Remove China from the rules system;，Explanation of the rules and international public opinion through manipulation rules，Weaken the legitimacy of China's rise。

　　The United States is destroying existing existing 

Multilateral Globalization Rules 

　　and the international division of labor 

Due to the above -mentioned US strategic adjustment at the international rules，The current international order presents two trends: First, after the Cold War, based on free institutionalism，Especially the existing international order on the basis of global multilateral mechanism is facing unprecedented slump，Global and regional governance systems may face transformation; second, in the field of global division of labor，The existing global and regional industrial value chain led by the United States has been severely impacted，Reconstruction process accelerates。

The biggest challenge of the open multilateral world in the world comes from the United States itself。The existing international multilateral mechanism is actually serving the United States，or at least Bet365 lotto review the interests of the United States。But，With the "eastward rise and west" of the world economic pattern，The income of hegemony brought by the existing rules to the United States is gradually reduced，Therefore, the willingness to maintain the existing international mechanism is relatively weakened，Leading vacuum phenomenon in the global governance system。The spread of the new crown epidemic accelerates this trend，The paralysis and inefficiency of global governance and regional cooperation mechanism exposed in this public safety disaster，further impact the existing governance system。Facing the global epidemic，Regardless of the United States as a world leader，Still the World Health Organization、EU、ASEAN's multilateral organizations have not played a due role。The United States not only does not show the responsibilities and responsibilities of the great country，Even doing behaviors that destroy international epidemic prevention cooperation。

Trump administration period，The United States publicly play the "U.S. Supreme" slogan，Public "refund group" from multiple international multilateral governance systems，great impact on the international order of multilateralism。Although the Bayeng government came to power，The United States gradually returns to the global governance system，But its governance effect is not ideal，More on the "commitment"，and rely on its centered small multilateral system and alliance system，Its actual purpose is to serve their own interests and suppress it、Excience China and other countries。foreseeable is，When there is a significant difference in the global governance concept of China and the United States，With the continuous deepening of the competition between China and the United States at the level of international rules，Lack of global and regional governance systems that lack great powers may face transformation。

Except for the global and regional governance system，The global and regional industrial chain that affects the world economic structure and economic globalization bet365 best casino games has also been severely impacted，presents the end direction of the global industrial chain、The regional industrial chain regional agglomeration and the trend of "de -Chinaization" in the Western national industrial chain。Under the continuous pressure of the United States，Western countries have gradually "decoupled" in China in high -end industries，Many Western countries, including the United States, are based on "national security"，"Safety" of the division of industrial labor，Intentionally reduce dependence on China's supply chain，Pay more attention to the localization of the industrial chain、Regional development and dispersing countries such as India and Vietnam。

China has to face an American -led Western rule system during the rise。The main focusing object of the US reconstruction international rules，China's first need to adjust the idea of ​​looking at international rules。After adjusting the strategy of using rules in the United States，China continues to grow its own space through the American -led international organization and rules.。Facing the US offensive of the United States in the field of international rules，China needs to focus on bilateral relations with potential development，This helps to break the monopoly situation formed by the United States through the "club" mechanism in terms of national trading channels。At the level of multilateral cooperation，China needs to surpass the perspective and dimension of traditional areas，Positioning partners globally。In this process，As a representative of developing countries and emerging market countries，China needs to propose the issues of issues that truly represent the common demands of China and these countries and the concept of international order。Compared with the concept of hegemony in the United States，China has always adhered to the concept of global governance and sharing，Put forward the concept of the community of human destiny and the global development initiative。China's development benefits from the global mechanism Bet365 lotto review that is truly open and multilateralism，This global governance system is in line with the vision of China's building a community of human destiny。So，Promote more fair and reasonable international cooperation and maintain real openness、Multilateral stage，is the key to breaking the United States in the field of international rules。

　　(The author is deputy director of the Latin American Institute of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences、Researcher)