2013，Xi Jinping proposed the initiative to build a community of human destiny for the first time。With the continuous expansion of the friendly cooperation between China and countries around the world，This concept has been recognized and supported by more and more countries and people，and was written into important documents of the United Nations。Build a community of human destiny，For China，is the sincerity of socialist diplomacy with Chinese characteristics in the new era; for the world，It is an ideal target provided by China for global governance。As this initiative gradually transformed from concept to action at the operating level，Structured and systematic research from the theoretical level，So as to provide basic theoretical support for increasingly richer action。Social anthropology as a science that studies different social operations，In this regard。Explore its commonality by studying the diversity of human society，It is the academic mission of this discipline，It also largely meets the path exploration of the path of building a community of human destiny。A century -old journey of Chinese social anthropology，Witness every step that this discipline moves towards its own mission，It also confirms the target that has been approaching several generations。

Looking back on the development of Chinese social anthropology，Just as Fei Xiaotong accepted the "Marinovsky Commemorative Award" in the United States in 1980, he made a speech on the title of "Anthropology to the People"，The subject goals of the world's human academy on "the basic consistency of human society and culture" and the discipline goal of "common prosperity of all ethnic groups in the world" and the consensus formation of field surveys Bet365 app download of field surveys，Not the "self -confidence"，but the results of the joint efforts of human scholars in different times in the world，China also。Social anthropology as a modern science development in China，About 20-30 years is a development cycle。Study on a local society represented by the village community before 1949，Ethnic Social Studies represented by ethnic identification and surveys in the 1950s and 1960s，Until 1978, the discipline reconstruction process uses folk customs as a focus point of discovery and understanding Chinese society，So far gradually moved to the world and began to respond to the general issue of human society。Although the development of Chinese social anthropology at different time periods is rooted in a specific era background，But in general, a clear durable development context still presents。

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The beginning of Chinese social anthropology can be traced back to the 1920s，and in the 1930s and 1940s, a development climax in the history of discipline。The first generation of study abroad scholars as the main actor of academic research and discipline construction，Taking "local society" as the research object，Practice field survey method，Lile the foundation of the development of social anthropology in China。

This period，Chinese human scholars in North China、East China、South China、A large number of field surveys in ethnic minorities and Han people in the Southwest and other places，I have accumulated rich survey information，A large number of research results have been produced，For example, "Flower Basketball Yao Social Organization", "Qinghe Village Community", "The Research on the Proter", "Golden Wing", "A Chinese Village: Shandong Tutou", "Sanshuihekou Lumin Survey Report", "Life of Chinese Farmers" "Yicun Hand Industry"。These studies are based on the field work of less than 4 months and 7 years.Bet365 app download ，Targeting "Book of Sutra" as the goal，Description of the details of the various "locality" and "locality" in local society，It also observes all aspects of society and the integrity of the culture; in the research method，Followed the academic norms of the field national history that the international anthropology community at that time.，At the beginning of the pioneering of Chinese social anthropology, a tradition that attaches importance to practice，The solid foundation has laid the solid foundation for the development of the discipline from academic norms。

　　National Society: Location of Chinese Social Anthropology

Established by the People's Republic of China in 1949，The development of Chinese social anthropology enters the period of socialist transformation。In view of academic introduction, there are two titles: "anthropology" and "national science"，The subject name of the discipline that has not been resolved during the beginning period，After entering the new development context，Temporary consensus is reached in a way of choosing an era，That is, anthropology is canceled during the restructuring process of colleges and universities in 1952，and ethnicology can be retained。This period，A specific historical context has weakened the "locality" of the beginning of Chinese social anthropology，Instead of focusing on "nationality"。

During 1956-1964，The academic community has carried out a called "Chinese National Academic Positioning"、Large -scale ethnic minority surveys，More than 1,400 participating scholars，Footprints are all over the country nation -regions。This big survey，1 is to complete national recognition，The basic pattern of 56 ethnic groups in China，Laipan scientific foundation for the establishment of the autonomous system of my country's national region。Second, a survey of the historical and historical status of ethnic minorities，Collect a lot of literature、Interview、physical (cultural relics) Bet365 lotto review and video information。Starting in 1958，Each investigation team began to compile the "Three Books of National Issues" (later increased to five)，Editing work has gone through 30 years，By the 1990s, Qi Qi，Total more than 400 copies、about 80 million words。Large -scale investigation practice during this period is different from a separate way of acting in the field of anthropological fields、Carrying out long -term surveys，But this method of team survey also enriches the knowledge base of world anthropology to some extent。

　　Folk Society: Chinese Social Anthropology Reconstruction

1979，Yang Yan、Gu Jiegang、Zhong Jingwen and others jointly proposed the "Proposal of Establishing Folklore and Related Research Institutions"，"Folk Study Fever" appeared in China in the 1980s，Chinese social anthropology enters the reconstruction period。From the end of the 1970s to the beginning of the 21st century，Chinese social anthropology re -discover and understand local society with folklore as the starting point，Research content involves marriage customs、Taboo、Relative title、Life ritual、Many aspects of local ethnic groups and urban life。

Disciplinary consensus reached by Chinese social anthropology in this period，During the development of the entire discipline, the role of inheritance and post -opening and post -opening。About the research object，Discussion on the conceptual titles of "nation" and "ethnicology" and "anthropology" through the academic community，Roughly formed two types of views。One type，Research nation is forming、Development、Specific features in the historical process of changes and dying，Politics between different ethnic groups、Economy、Culture and other aspects of interdependence and the laws of their relationship development and changes。Another type of view that the research object of anthropology should be "culture"，It is believed that in different bet365 best casino games society and its different development stages，People have their own cultural selection，Anthropologists first discover and describe these cultural forms，Followed by discovering the universal laws between different cultures。Controversy with different perspectives，The academic community has gradually reached a consensus on the research objects，is the division of human biological attributes and social attributes，Clarifying that social anthropology is scientific research on people with different social attributes。In terms of research methods, the field survey is the basis of the methodology of the discipline，That is, long -term direct observation of the specific behavior and activities of human society，Analysis of the relationship and structure behind the behavior，The general law of exploring human behavior，and scientifically explain human behavior and social activity mode。

　　Human Society: New Period of Chinese Social Anthropology

2002，Cai Hua won the annual "French National Gold Award" awarded by the French Academy of Sciences with the book "No Father -No Father -Non -Woman -China's Na".。The book is based on two and a half years of field work，The system surveyed the Na Ren who lived on the border of the Dianchuan and Sichuan, China，Through exquisite national description and rigorous theoretical analysis，redefined the basic concept of the relative system and the basic structure of the relationship between relatives，Unravel the marriage and family paradox proposed by Levi Strauss more than half a century ago。The academic community believes that this award is "the second spring of Chinese anthropology has finally appeared"，It also means that Chinese social anthropology has entered a new period of development。

Chinese social anthropology research in this period is relative、Economy、Politics、Religious four basic topics for orientation，Gradually evolved into multiple issues; and gradually Bet365 app download surpassed the local society in the research field、National and folk society，Discussion on the related propositions of "human society"。Studies of different types of topics，There are two common features in existence。First of all, all or partially upholds the basic principles of the survey of anthropology fields，That is, the field survey time of more than one year、Using the language of the object investigated、spectrum analysis of more than 500 people。Followed by producing some influential series of research results，For example, the "field and discovery" series of ethnic history with the theme of the relative system，The "Tibetan Yi Corridor" series series with the theme of regional research，and the "Overseas National Chronicle" series of "overseas ethnic history", which aims to "go global" in Chinese anthropology，greatly enrich the global view of Chinese social anthropology research。

General Secretary Xi Jinping's speech at the 70th UN General Assembly quoted the "Book of Rites" in the "Book of Rites"，The World is the annotation of the community of human destiny; and the research path of social anthropology from social diversity to the common nature of human society，To some extent is the exploration of "Avenue"。Introduced from the initial discipline and rooted in Chinese fields to understand and transform society，until the national identification and survey serves national decision -making，Then re -discover and explain local society with the opportunity of folklore research，Development to explain domestic from the perspective of diversified issues、Foreign society; research on the field of perspective，Follow the local society of local society、Nationality、"One aspect of the Chinese" of folk customs，Gradually look at the "common aspects of human beings" that gradually look at the laws of human society; by studying different Bet365 lotto review local society in the world，Find a possible path for building a community of human destiny，This is the subject mission of social anthropology，It is also the unique significance of this discipline in the context of today's era。

　　(Author Unit: Institute of Sociology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences)