Promote the development of bet365 refer a friend code
December 30, 2020 09:35 Source: "Chinese bet365 refer a friend code" Issue 2080 on December 30, 2020 Author: Zhang Guanzi

As a discipline that has emerged and developed in the field of humanities and social sciences since the late 19th and early 20th centuries,bet365 refer a friend code is the extension and “interpenetration” of traditional law and traditional anthropology。It is mainly from the perspective of mutual understanding between different cultures,To discuss the status and role of legal systems in different civilizations in early anthropology and the study of the dynamic nature of law,Later it was more and more widely used in the legal system of contemporary society、Research on order norms and even legal culture。The broad research horizons and microscopic research approaches of bet365 refer a friend code can not only broaden the traditional legal history、Discussion space for legal culture research,It can also help us gain a multi-dimensional and in-depth understanding of contemporary China’s rule of law practice。But so far,Legal anthropological research in contemporary China has not yet formed a more systematic knowledge system、Conceptual system and research methods。To advance this research,The author thinks,At least we need to focus on the following four points。

Handle the boundaries and tensions between law and anthropology。The so-called boundary issue,That is, which research objects、The content can be included in the scope of bet365 refer a friend code。Reviewing famous experts in bet365 refer a friend code、Masterpiece,The first problem that must be considered or solved is,What is “law” in the sense of bet365 refer a friend code。Traditional jurisprudence has very clear definitions of law as well as the connotation and extension of law,It has become unpublished。“Law” in the sense of bet365 refer a friend code must not be limited to the understanding of traditional jurisprudence,And we should maintain an open vision。But the field of vision cannot be too broad,For example, some bet365 refer a friend code research has included cultural anthropology、Political Anthropology、Issues in the fields of economic anthropology and social organization and control are included in the discussion。Although this kind of research has broadened our academic horizons,But at the same time, it generalizes the definition of "law",bet365 refer a friend code loses its specificity or uniqueness。The reason why bet365 refer a friend code is the anthropology of law,The object of study must possess some basic elements and characteristics of law,Don’t lose the main thread of “Dharma” because of your broad academic vision。So,This requires dealing with the tension of research objects in bet365 refer a friend code,It cannot be limited to the research fields of traditional law,It cannot be confused with other branches of anthropology or interdisciplinary subjects。

Clarify the research context and academic interests of bet365 refer a friend code。The development of bet365 refer a friend code and the entire history of Western thought、Social trends and even philosophical trends are closely related。This research can be traced back to the three major ideological liberation movements in Europe。For example,In Montesquieu’s huge ideological system,We can get a glimpse of the emerging academic interest of bet365 refer a friend code,That is, law and the climate of a country、Soil、Geographic factors such as territorial area are closely related。Savinny, a representative of the historical legal school, also believes that law is the expression and embodiment of the national spirit。It can be seen from this,bet365 refer a friend code attaches great importance to law and the present in its embryonic stage,With this country、This region、Relationships in this era。Entering the second half of the 19th century,With the expansion of colonial movement and imperialism,Navigator、Explorer、Missionaries began to have the opportunity to explore non-Western societies in depth and on the ground。1926,The publication of Malinowski's "Crime and Customs in Barbarian Society" marked the birth of bet365 refer a friend code in the modern sense。Then,Hobel、Grackman、Bo Annan、Legal anthropologists such as Pospisir have also published several classic works。After World War II,A major transformation has taken place in Western thought circles,In addition, many colonial countries have become independent,As a result, bet365 refer a friend code began to turn its attention back to the country,Beginning to pay attention to practical legal issues in Western society。After the 1960s and 1970s,The research perspectives of bet365 refer a friend code become increasingly diverse。For example,Laura Nader focuses on the discourse and practice of state power,Conley and Obama study communication in American courts、Access to justice,Engel Meili is committed to paying attention to women and domestic violence from the perspective of international human rights law。It can be seen from this,The academic vision of bet365 refer a friend code has undergone two transformations,Start from the homeland first,Towards non-Western societies,Finally returned to Western society,Refocus on the current and local legal world。

Establish a problem awareness with the characteristics of bet365 refer a friend code。As mentioned above,The research topics in bet365 refer a friend code today are very broad。From religious issues to gender issues,From marriage and family to inter-ethnic relationship issues,From legal language to judicial discourse,Covering almost all aspects of legal issues we can imagine。These issues not only come from daily social life,It is also closely related to the changes of the times。Compared to traditional law,One of the characteristics of bet365 refer a friend code is its expertise in fieldwork research methods。It advocates reaching out to a community、A region、A long-term in-depth observation of a society,Through this empirical study,Problems can be discovered gradually、Research Question、Conscious awareness of problem solving。At the same time,bet365 refer a friend code can also go beyond case studies,Seeing the big from the small, adhering to a historical vision and overall care。It requires that "law" be placed in the entire society、History、Coordinate and grasp culture,Change the time、Location、Social conditions、Social forms are included in the scope of investigation,Thus revealing the diverse legal characteristics and manifestations。The traditional subject division system is actually cut down、Hinders the integrity of our understanding of society as a whole。For that matter,bet365 refer a friend code can address fragmented knowledge、The subject system is sublated、Reorganization and integration,Research on restoring what should have been a whole to its integrity。

Maintain a good sense of distance between the researcher and the research object。Related to the third point,As a participatory academic activity,bet365 refer a friend code attempts to take an immersive observation of the research object,To obtain more detailed research materials。This requires the researcher to be familiar with and master the language and culture of the research object,Understand the local legal practice and legal culture from the local perspective as much as possible。But at the same time,Researchers must also be prepared,You can jump out of this observation at any time。For example,Legal anthropologist Hoebel once proposed the idea of ​​"closeness and separation",meaning,It is necessary to go deep into society、Cultural Internal,Can’t fully commit to it,It is easy to lose objective judgment if you are completely involved。Then,How to maintain this sense of distance between "I" (observer) and "participant" (observed)?First,Before making observations,Cannot preset the premise,Don’t rush to judge,The object of study should be regarded as what Rawls calls the "veil of ignorance",Exclude the researcher’s own cultural bias as much as possible。Secondly,We should adhere to the combination of emic perspective and etic perspective。On the one hand,Respect the cultural terms and conceptual expressions of the research objects,Overcome the understanding bias caused by the cultural differences between the researcher and the research object to the greatest extent。On the other hand,We must maintain a neutral analytical stance,Understand the law of the research object from a comparative perspective of different cultures。

  (Author’s unit: Institute of Historical Theory, Chinese Academy of bet365 refer a friend code Sciences)

Editor: Chen Jing
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