As a long -established sociological research branch，Urban sociology has gone through about a half -century journey。Researchers from the late 19th century (such as Charles Bes、Fedannan Tengnice、Georg Zimeier、Max Weber) By the Chicago School in the early 20th century，Urban sociology formed its own unique research field，Social behavior in the urban environment。From this，Urban sociology further evolved out of urban space differences、Urban imagery、Urban Culture、Urban Life、Urban regional development and other more detailed themes。So，How will such a highly mature discipline develop?

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It should be said，The development of urban sociology has always been interacting with the development of the city。Urban researchers are observer of their era，Their research is exploring the impact of changes in the urban environment on people，and try to explain all kinds of problems that trouble the city。Booth's poor London poor research reflects the urban poverty problem accumulated in the Victorian era; Tengnis's community thought is an election of rural life in the urbanization era; and Zimeier fully shows the urbanization pair of pairs The influence of human spirit; as for the various surveys of the Chicago school in the cement jungle of the city，is the footnote of American cities in the "progressive era" of high -speed expansion。At the post -industrial period，Harvey is concerned about the new loop form of capital in the process of operating the city，And Castor explained informatization cities with his magnificent "Internet Age Trilogy"、Emerging urbanization bet365 best casino games phenomena such as online cities。Similarly，Ask the development of the next step of the sociology of the city，It must also be combined with the current urban situation。

Urban evolution of thousands of years always has the most basic social background，is urban -rural relations。Deep level，The relationship between cities and rural areas determines their respective development models。The prototype of the early cities is a large village or a settlement，Nature is also the resident of the tribal chief or the leader of the tribal alliance。After these locations are expanded into cities，Manager uses the city as the rule of rule. It is logical。It can be said，Starting from ancient times，The city will exercise the function of "governing the society"。This is the word "governance" in a broad sense，That is, whether it is a political city、Commercial city or military fortress city，Mo Neng，It's just that each uses political power、Economic power and military power。The object of urban governance is of course the rural areas around the city，Use various means to draw food and raw materials from rural areas，Various handmade products in the process of rural areas。

In the agricultural era with underdeveloped productivity，The relationship between urban and rural governance and governance determines the opposition between the two。They develop under their respective constraints，City relies on tribute、Business、Culture and handicraft industry to maintain your status，Rural is relying on land、Flowing and natural environment to maintain survival。But this kind of opposition is also a kind of interdependence，Because the city is far from reaching the degree of absolutely losing society，At least the fact that most people live in the countryside。

The advent of the industrial era not only improves bet365 live casino games the level of human productivity，It also fundamentally changed the urban and rural relations。Early industrialization phase through rural urbanization，The city finally became the leader of industrialization。Cities in the late stage of industrialization have super production capacity，A large amount of resources from rural areas，From regional development center to growth pole。Urbanization phenomenon is both the expansion process of the city，It is also a transition process for rural reborn bones，The rural areas converted from simple governance objects into urban industrial partners，Urban and rural areas have achieved common development in the process of industrialization。So，We have seen this unprecedented phenomenon in urban and rural integration，Its basic manifestations are the differences between cities and rural areas constantly decreasing，Even disappear。

　　Urban and rural integration to promote urban and rural research integration

Under the state of urban and rural integration，Rural villagers even live in rural areas，Its life hardware and software are also changing according to the city standard。For example，Home appliances commonly used by urban citizens、Digital equipment，Large -scale high -priced supplies such as cars are also popular in rural areas; new housing in rural areas is in the appearance、Decoration and aesthetics is getting closer to urban housing，It is even exactly the same; the construction of village and towns constantly emphasizes unified planning，Public sanitation、Parking、Street management and other traditional rural areas that are relatively weak and even scarce; e -commerce、Network Social、Online entertainment and other behavioral mode is generally generalized，enable villagers to integrate with the external world in a fast and seamless bet365 Play online games way。And this objective situation at least proposes the integrated theme of urban research and rural research to the current urban researchers。

The city studied in the Institute of Sociology of Traditional Urban is clearly different from the rural areas，This also produces the division of urban sociology and rural sociology。In the era when the difference between urban and rural areas，Due to the two settlements of urban and rural areas,，Each has its own unique social phenomenon and development laws，This distinction is reasonable。But in the era of urban and rural integration (at least in areas where urban and rural integration has occurred)，Under the fact that the integration of urban and rural areas has become a fact，The reduction of urban and rural differences or even disappear makes the combination of urban research and rural research become an inevitable trend。

For example，To study the flow of population in the city，The condition of the rural areas flowing out of these people is a variable that must be included;，Do not consider the economic conditions and working methods of their parents in the city，It must be unreasonable; to study the current status and prospects of the development of rural tourism in a certain area，Most of them cannot be separated from the traffic conditions and customer sources of the surrounding cities.，Fusion of surrounding villages and towns is also a theme that must be considered。

Integrated urban and rural research requires the idea of ​​giving away the academic ideas that deliberately split the city and rural areas，Fusion from urban and rural areas、Interdependence、From the perspective of common development，Incident in related rural elements when studying urban issues，Incident in related cities when studying rural issues。Form a "broad" city research paradigm，That is, urban Bet365 app download research is no longer limited to the narrow urban area，Instead, it is expanded to the area under the "urban influence"，Look at the current city with a more overall and global perspective。

　　Explore the new direction of urban sociology

Urban and rural integration is actually the result of high urbanization development，The basic manifestation is that more than half of the world's population lives in the city。In developed countries and regions，Urbanization rate even reached 80%(for example, Japan's urbanization rate in 2017 has been around 93%)。For these high -urbanized areas，Urban and rural integration brought them into the post -urbanization era。But urban and rural integration is also a process of dialectical evolution，Introducing urban civilization into rural areas，Make more people enjoy the benefits of productivity development，Also bring a series of problems that have to be faced。For example，If the urbanization rate reaches 100%，What is the state of society? That is，Urbanization rate at 100%this end，Does the human settlement only have a form of the city? Does it mean that the countryside disappears forever?，But in the case of high urbanization rate，The countryside is shrinking to the degree of human intervention to prevent death，Or will there be new opportunities for self -development?

In addition to the decline facing rural areas，There is also differentiation in the city。During the integration of urban and rural areas，The most beneficiary is large and medium cities，Small town as a whole is at a disadvantage (except a very small lucky child)。For example，Studies by the Brookings Society of American Think Tank，The economic pressure resistance ability of small cities in the United States is obviously not as good as big cities，The growth rate of small cities in the employment population、Personal income bet365 live casino games growth rate、Labor participation rate、Economic output and other indicators were completely overwhelmed by big cities。The thinking caused by it is: Will the trend of the big city winners always continue，How to seek the road of development。

The phenomenon mentioned above，There are already different degrees of performance around the world，This has opened a new development channel for urban sociology。In the era of urban and rural integration，With the gradual diluing of urban and rural differences，Even in the countryside, there are still stay in the countryside，But maybe urban and rural relations will no longer be in the core position of urban research，Big、Middle、The relationship and structure between small cities will become the focus of urban research。Population flow between cities in different sizes will become more important than population flow between urban and rural areas; big、Middle、The significance of division of labor between small cities will exceed the significance of urban and rural division of labor; big、Middle、Population between small cities、Funds、Technology competition will become a common phenomenon for a long time in the future。The impact of "urban nature" on members of society will reach new heights and breadth，In the case of the general urbanization of the entire society，"Rurality" will continue，It is also an unavoidable problem。

In short，The advent of the era of urban and rural integration is not just more and more cities、getting bigger and bigger，The transformation of the work and lifestyle of the whole society，Reconstruction of the space consciousness of citizens and villagers。This is a significant turning point in the history of human settlements for thousands of years.，A response to this is a new task for urban sociology，It is also the only way bet365 live casino games for discipline transformation。

　　(Author Unit: Department of Sociology, Public Management College of South China University of Agricultural University)