As a non -traditional safety type of emerging infectious diseases，New Crown Pneumonia not only challenges domestic and foreign social governance order，It also provides a opportunity for reflection on health governance for global society。Central Committee of the Communist Party of China、The "Healthy China 2030 Planning Outline" released by the State Council in 2016 proposes to "force from the supply side and the demand side，Coordinated society、Industry and Individual three levels，Forming a strong joint force for maintenance and promotion of health "，Realize the health of the people in a "co -construction sharing" manner; and emphasizes that "health is an inevitable requirement for promoting the comprehensive development of people，is the basic condition of economic and social development "，Clarified the responsible subject of health governance，is an individual aimed at "people's comprehensive development" and a country and society aimed at "economic and social development"。In other words，The vision goal of "Healthy China" and the realization path points to different responsible subjects and topic orientation of health governance。

Individual level，Responsibilities of health governance Establishment need to focus on individual empowerment，means that the individual obtains the knowledge and skills of self -health governance，The ability to fulfill the responsibility of individual health。Individual responsibility of self -health，This concept originated from the rise of individual health responsibility awareness in the 1970s，and the Larongde Report released by the Canadian Health Department in 1974。This report is proposed，National health is not only determined by medical services，Also ecological、Bet365 lotto review Environment、Lifetime、Cultural habits and other influences。Therefore，Individual ability to control the body (including physiology and psychology) through various self -training techniques is particularly critical，The advocates of individual healthism even believe that "physical health is the most important goal of individuals，is personal responsibility，Not the government's responsibility "，Running、Bodybuilding、The rise of popular fitness campaigns such as yoga，is the practice of individuals for this concept。These movements revived with the development of neoliberalism in the 1970s，Gradually become an international fitness trend。More and more people are involved in this kind of movement，Learn the knowledge and skills of self -health management，On the one hand, self -rule through the "unfinished" body，Get the physiological control of "My body, I am the master"; on the other hand, through a healthy body exhibition，Practice individual ethics that "live for yourself"。but，Individual as a member of society，Self's physical supervision is not all the responsibility of individual health。According to the data from the World Health Organization，On the so -called male "adult mortality"，The United States ranks 50th among 194 member states。A person's health level，Whether it is to obtain health income through self -physical supervision，It is still the level of hygienic levels that improve through economic development，All are just one of the "controlive" evaluation items。More other factors include his killing、Suicide、Car accident、Infectious diseases、Nature and human accident、Drugs、Alcohol, etc. are all risk factors facing individual health，and in different stages of different communities and social development in the world，Construction and redefine our so -called "daily life"。Just as Engels's attribution to workers' health problems in "British Bet365 lotto review Workers Class"，He believes that the rapid development of the city is an objective factor for workers to suffer from various diseases，Alcohol、Poor diets and other bad lifestyles are subjective factor for workers' health problems。For individuals，In the face of the "daily life" that is constantly overturned and rebuilt，Not only the health management of physiological significance，It also needs psychological self -empowerment，Then get self -adjusting ability to deal with various risk factors。

Social level，Responsibility for health governance Establishing a community -oriented social support network construction，You can refer to the "Construction tolerance proposed by the United Nations Sustainable Development Objective" Sustainable City and Community "、Security、Cities with risk resistance and sustainable cities and human living areas "，For individual and others、Social environment realizes benign interaction and support for social roles。Emphasis on individual empowerment of individual health is important，It seems to indicate that individuals can control life，Freely make choices that meet health expectations; but in fact，There are many behaviors behind the many behaviors of individual decisions.。For example，A saying a saying in New York, USA, "The smaller the size of the skirt, the smaller the size of the skirt，The larger the residence, the greater the residence "，Social gradient determines the incidence of obesity in a universal way; the suicide rate of local adolescents in British Columbia, Canada is 5 times of the average of all young Canadians，"North America's population is well known for being the poorest community on this continent.，Their unemployment rate is the highest、Education is the most insufficient、The shortest life and health are the worst "，Comparison of comparison，"Those can adhere to their cultural history，Promoting Bet365 lotto review their own future communities "suicide rate lower suicide rate。Therefore，Public welfare organizations and community organizations in the health field will sustain the community and community toughness as the action goals of various advocates projects。For example，There is a community project called "Family Health" in the Health and Social Service Center outside the main urban area of ​​Wellington, New Zealand，It aims to help locals, especially young people, "can manage themselves，Live a healthy lifestyle; fully participate in society，Participate in the world of the Maori people confidently; economically guarantee，Successful participation in wealth creation，There is cohesion、Restoration Power and Cultivation Capability "，So as to build a sustainable community and recovery force。A follow -up study of the "Seattle Social Development Plan" community intervention project，This project has long -term help young people develop and school、Contact between communities，Make young people from reducing drugs、Outside of alcohol and tobacco，Also involved in the crime，and smaller probability to suffer from psychological diseases。The field of the community as an individual daily life practice，Not only a physical category，It is a psychological category。Construction of a sustainable community (tough community)，Not only does it require top -down power，For example policy、specification、Funds、Technical and other external support intervention; also requires community residents from the bottom to the bottom to move，Participate in community governance through organizational channels such as voluntary service，Open the support network within the community; these two forces cooperation，Social support network -oriented social support network，benefit everyone in the community。

National level，Responsibility for health governance needs to pay attention to social inequality。"Bet365 lotto review Healthy Global: Challenges from the Unexpected World" Book quoted in a group comparative study discovery，"狒狒 and cultural staff have revealed the obvious social gradients in the biological marks of diseases and poor health"; new recent research in neuroscience also confirmed，People’s brain can be shaped，Social inequality For individuals in different social gradients，Not only does social bad consequences，and cause physiological health damage。For example, children's development，Social gradient affects parents' education methods，and affect the physical development of children through parental education methods、Thinking cognition and social emotion，Then build a contact with social inequality of social health and mental health in adults。According to the World Health Organization's analysis of the cause of the global population death，2016，More than half of the deaths in low -income countries are caused by the so -called "first type" disease，Including infectious diseases、Reasons for pregnancy、The diseases and nutritional defects occur during pregnancy and childbirth;，78%of non -infectious diseases in the world occur in low -income and middle -income countries。A global illness burden on "Liuye Knife" in 2010 discovered，Infectious diseases、Reasons for pregnancy、Causes or risk factors of disease or risk factors such as pregnancy and childbirth and nutritional deficiency diseases，Including sanitary conditions、Diet、Water source、Medical resources, etc.，Most risk factors are related to the social environment of people。In other words，Social status or class determines the degree of health risk of individuals。Therefore，Common "benefit the whole crowd" and the durable "healthy China" construction，Pay attention to the contradiction between "the overall insufficient supply of health service Bet365 app download supply and the growing demand is still prominent，The coordination of development and economic and social development in the field of health needs to be enhanced. "，The health and equality of the whole people may become a national strategic level coordinating the solution of health -related health、The cornerstone of long -term problems。

"Charter of the World Health Organization" defines "health" as "a body、Status of spirit and society (not just without illness or weakness) "，Emphasized individual physiology、Psychological、Social Triple Time Time。That is to say，The healthy governance goal of complete meaning should be，Individuals can achieve physiology at the same time in their social system、Psychological、Alex state at the social level，This is not only the core essence of "healthy China"，It also constitutes the basic topic of different responsible subjects。but，The modernization process of human beings is becoming "self -opposite"，Daily increasingly becoming its own theme and problem，Action issues of healthy governance also expand，For example, to the environment、Ecological、Climate、Extension of issues such as food industrialization。Continuous expansion with ethical boundaries based on human self -knowledge，The connotation of health is also expanding from human centered to non -human population，and Ecological and Environment。If the main body of narrow health is human，So the main body of broad health and health extend from humans to all species，Human beings are just one of the habitats in the earth's ecosystem。Development of this ecological ethical boundary，Establishing the basic logic of the ability to regulate my adaptation in risk and social context。But as the General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out，"Promote the formation of a green development method and lifestyle，It is a profound revolution bet365 best casino games in the concept of development "。In this multiple risky intertwined "Deep Revolution of Development"，Everyone's vulnerable traumatic experience and the responsibility to others，Is the two aspects of the world risk，It also constitutes a new issue for health governance，"Everyone enjoys health is the common vision of all mankind，It is also an important part of the community of human destiny community "。

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