The most common problem with the study of social science experience is the "two skin" phenomena of theory and experience。One of the reasons for this problem is that the researchers regard the theory as "truth"，Looking forward to reality running according to the theoretical logic，thus caught in the principalistist。Once the reality does not match the theory，They think this is not a theoretical problem，Instead, the system and actors in reality do not operate in accordance with the theoretical standards。Harm for the principalistist，Some research claims to dialog with existing theoretical dialogue，Use realistic experience materials to "modify" or "fill" theory。Obviously，This path recognizes that theory is relative，It is to follow the logic of experience。But，Many experience materials still cannot directly form self -consistent theoretical and experience，The problem of "two skin" in theory and experience in a large number of studies is still serious。

The fundamental，The real logic of the researcher's failed to enter the experience materials，No "Experience"。The so -called experience，It can realize the overall understanding of experience，The complexity behind the phenomenon that can be associated through several decentralized experience and the logic of the experience itself，and thus form the ability of the researcher's problem consciousness。Professor He Xuefeng from Wuhan University，Experience is similar to speech sense，Similar to the balance of cycling，It is a kind of ability that can be obtained after long -term training。

Many students do the dissertation，Find a theoretical framework first，Then collect "materials" or "data" related to this theoretical framework，Finally, use these materials to fill the theoretical framework。But any "material" or bet365 live casino games "data" is actually a small piece in the overall experience，There is a "complete story" behind it。If we don’t understand the "complete story" behind a single material，Then the income is just a fragment、individualized、Crocas such as a trusted material。and，Experience materials collected according to the theoretical framework are just to serve the logic of theory，Ignoring the logic of the experience itself。In fact，The logic of the experience itself is often inconsistent with the pre -set theoretical logic，The materials collected by the theoretical framework are easy to withstand the questioning of others，Can't effectively correct the theory or propose a new theory。

So how can we achieve overall experience? Avoid two misunderstandings。

First，Don't take field research as simply collecting information。Surveys collected data -based research often means that the researchers have theoretical presets and research conclusions，Just go to the field to find the information that can support its theoretical presets and research conclusions。This kind of survey is difficult to understand the logic of the experience itself，More difficult to form "asking questions in experience、The ability to find associations in phenomena。In fact，Researchers' problem consciousness is formed in the interaction of theoretical and experience，It is difficult to have this interaction without entering the experience itself，It is difficult to ask new questions。For example，Investigation in the county -level government departments，The easiest information for collected is all kinds of public institutional documents and work plans。but，The real logic of the grass -roots government's operation often does not fully rely on these institutional documents and work plans，Once in depth its real operation process，The correlation between the institutional document and the actual operation and the story behind the two。

Next，Can't expect sporadic research to obtain the overall understanding Bet365 lotto review of experience。Research in government departments，If it is only a few days of discussion or a few visits，Often you can only see some surface phenomena，I heard some cases that displayed results。Compared to the village，A field survey in the government is not only a higher threshold for "admission"，And more closed，The trust between researchers and research objects is lower。Even the vertical topic，Entry through the official official introduction，It is also difficult to hear or see experience phenomenon outside the formal process，This kind of survey is also easy to evolve into finding issues related to topic，Fragmentation of experience，It is difficult to obtain the overall understanding of experience。

Different from the above misunderstanding，For the purpose of understanding "what is"，Research that immersed in experience for a long time，It is an effective way to gain experience。Research on the purpose of understanding "what is"，It is the expected results of no clear results in advance，I just want to know what your research object is like，How to act。The inspiration of writing comes from a problem or phenomenon found in the research process，Then follow this question or phenomenon to find questions。For example，When I do a master's dissertation，I don’t know what to do at first，I only know that it is necessary to do issues related to political sociology，Government -related topics。To find specific questions，Go to a township government for summer vacation。That is the first time I entered the government for investigation，It feels very shocking: the government's operation and the theory I read in political books、The concept is completely different。"What is the government"，It seems to be a common sense problem，If it is only in the sense of concept and definition，Government all over the world represents national will，Public organizations that realize social governance。What needs to be questioned is: why governments in different countries show bet365 Play online games different operating characteristics、Operating mechanism、Operating logic? so，Understand from the experience logic, "What is the government，What kind of properties and characteristics have "is the first step in government research。We can only figure out "what is the government"，Only know "What kind of government should be built"。In fact，Understanding "What" is also an important prerequisite for theoretical construction。The theory is amended in the experience of constantly pursuing "what is"、Development and Promotion。If the premise of "what is" is not clear，Can't discuss "why" and "How"，Then the conflict of conceptual confusion and the contradiction of the theoretical logic。

Investigation for the purpose of understanding "what is" requires researchers to be curious for exploring the unknown world，and the patience and perseverance of long -term insistence on research。Investigations that are anxious to discover are often difficult to find，Real discovery is sometimes "accident" inadvertently during the survey，It is the "Ran Ran Looking back during the long -term investigation、Suddenly realize "。For example，In order to figure out the question of "what is the township"，I decided to go to a township (Orange Town in Later thesis) to wait for a year。The goal that the first two months of the first two months is to let everyone know me、Accept me。So，In the past two months, I position myself as a newly -employed township cadre，Active work、Participate everything。The advantage of eating and living in towns is easier to integrate into everyone，For example, eat with everyone in the cafeteria，Take a walk after meals，Watch TV together at night、Chat，Follow them to enter the village during the day。Actually，Whether you eat together、Walking or chat，For me，All the fields of the field，All are doing research。When I have doubts about a question or phenomenon，I will interview cadres alone。We almost interviewed every cadre of Orange Town，Some people have bet365 best casino games interviewed separately many times。Different information with different people，So we generally interview multiple objects on the same issue，Confirmation of each other，make the "story" more objective and complete; for sensitive topics，Inadvertently involved in the formation of an answer by observing or chatting，From the incorrect interview。

In short，As long as people are present，"Fields everywhere，Experience everywhere "。Investigations for the purpose of understanding "what are" as a normal and habit of learning from practice，Not only will there be anxiety of "anxiety"，and can slowly form an experience texture。

In most cases，The relationship between the researcher and the research object is temporary，or even one -time，Researchers are just a questioner，The research object is just "material provider"。The question is，When our interview object has nothing to do with us，Why is the interview object willing to spend time cooperate with our research，Chat with us? Looking back on your field work，My research object is not a temporary relationship，but a long -term "cooperative relationship"。After the investigation of doctoral dissertation，I will return to Ou Town to investigate almost every year，The friendship with many cadres in Orange Town has been maintained so far。The Secretary of the Party Committee and Deputy Secretary of the Ouzhen Town Later, the county -level leader，They asked me to go to the county where they worked for research。My understanding of related research issues has increased from "township" to "county"。This also slowly let me understand research and researchers、Relationship between research objects，Experience is also formed in the long -term interaction of these three。In fact，Many of our ideas come from the "interpretation" of grass -roots cadres on the facts。One aspect，The investigator lowers the posture，Take yourself as a elementary school student，Hyjo to our interviewee、Research object learning、bet365 best casino games Ask。On the other hand，In long -term interaction，Research objects slowly trust researchers，Can understand the meaning and value of research。When doing investigation and research，When we are observing our research objects，In fact, the research object is also observing us、Study us。Only when he feels that your research attitude is sincere、The problem of research is meaningful，He will give back to sincerity，willing to "talk about heart"。In fact，Many grassroots cadres have social feelings，When he discovered that your research is to understand、When building this society，His sense of meaning and value will also be excited，"Repay" with researchers，The cooperation relationship of researchers and research objects forms it。

At the same time，The cooperation relationship between researchers and research objects requires researchers to maintain their reflection on experience at all times。Be alert to the "empathy" of the research objects to lose the position of the "others"，or the "empathy" of the researcher for the researcher also makes the research object "catering" the value preference of the researchers，thus affecting the objectivity of the investigation and research。Experience is obtained after reflection of experience，Not only requires researchers to jump out of experience after soaking experience，Reflection experience，Researchers also need theoretical literacy，The theoretical perspective and theoretical interpretation ability with reflection experience。No researcher knows the countryside better than farmers，No researcher knows the grassroots level than grassroots cadres，But farmers are difficult to ask research problems，Grassroots cadres are also difficult to write research papers。Life experience is a social instinct，is a cultural instinct that "daily use but unknown"，Is a simple experience，Generally does not have reflection。Experience is a kind of "reflection consciousness" that transcends bet365 best casino games experience of life，It is formed in the repeated interaction of theoretical and experience。

Individual researcher has limited strength，Even if you have experience, it is impossible to exhaust all the experience。Therefore，Just know China、Understanding China's goal，To achieve the overall understanding of experience，You also need to build an academic community with basic consensus。Because only academic communities can overcome the constraints of "limited rationality" for individuals，From different angles、Different levels and different orientations，Gradually approach complete experience and facts。

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