Generally, we call sociological field surveys that do not use questionnaires "field surveys"，According to Professor Chen Xiangming in the book "bet365 sports and Social Science Research"，"Chinese History、Sociology、Anthropology、Archaeology、Ethnology、The "cultural anthropological methods" commonly used in folklore and other fields are "very similar" to the "bet365 sports" she discusses in her book，In other words, “bet365 sports are developed on the basis of ‘cultural anthropology methods’ and other related fields”。Such field research usually uses in-depth interviews and observations as research methods，And this is the characteristic of qualitative research。So，It will use Max Weber’s “interpretive sociology” as a methodological approach to research，Because Weber defined sociology as “the explanatory understanding of social action in order to obtain the reasons for that action、The science of explanation of processes and results”。Providing an “explanatory understanding” of social action becomes the task of sociological research。

Why social action is understandable，Because the subjective bet365 sports given by actors to their actions is understandable。Alfred Schutz, the phenomenological sociologist after Weber, criticized Weber’s above opinions，further develops the question of how to understand and explain the “bet365 sports” people attribute to phenomena，He defines "understanding" as the association of bet365 sports，This is because "explanation" needs to be expressed，Therefore all understanding is the understanding of bet365 sports，And the other way around，All understanding is bet365 sports。So，On the premise that the researcher has a relatively accurate grasp of the interviewee’s narrative，Their understanding and interpretation of the interview data can be roughly equivalent to the understanding and interpretation of the bet365 sports given to the interview data by the interviewee。

Therefore，The author thinks，One of the core concepts in fieldwork is “bet365 sports”。As Norman K. As pointed out by Deng Jin et al. in the introductory part of "Qualitative Research: Methodological Basis" on the definition of qualitative research，“Qualitative research… attempts to understand and explain phenomena in terms of the meanings people attach to them”。The essence of bet365 sports is that it "is certain and has characteristics that can be communicated and shared"。Because of this，The "intersubjectivity" discussed by Schutz as a basic concept in phenomenological sociology (that is, the communication and communication between individual actors) is possible。Field investigation based on bet365 sports understanding has three characteristics。

First，To correct the misunderstanding of separating investigation and research - investigation is only to collect information，The analysis of the compiled data after the investigation is research。But，Sociological field investigation using in-depth interviews and observations as the main methods of collecting data，When the interviewer faces the interviewee，In fact, he (she) has already entered an interview scene，The reason why it is called a scene，Because it is given bet365 sports by both the interviewer and the interviewee。The interview needs to be conducted by the interviewer asking questions and the interviewee answering questions，This will inevitably enter the process of communication and exchange of bet365 sports between both parties，We usually call this “sense construction on both sides”，Because it’s okay to ask questions，It’s also good to answer questions，All are based on understanding the other party’s words。

If this scene is in the interviewee’s home，Then the first thing the interviewer can see is the bet365 sports the interviewee gives to his or her living environment—the newness or oldness of the house，The degree of attention to detail in furniture and furnishings，Indoor tidiness and clutter，This all reflects the respondent’s attitude towards life as a social actor, his or her social status and even whether the respondent wants to change it。Also，If the interviewee is notified in advance of being interviewed，Then he will definitely be prepared for this。Summer 2004，We once visited the 78-year-old Uncle Yao in rural Shaoxing, Zhejiang，The interview took place in the elderly activity room in the village。When Uncle Yao comes in，Wearing a gray short-sleeved silk shirt，Wearing a pair of gray silk trousers，Underfoot is a pair of brown leather sandals。Interesting thing，He also has a newspaper folder under his right armpit，After entering the door, I looked around for a place to put the newspaper。When we have an interview discussion in the evening，I would say that Uncle Yao’s outfit is given bet365 sports by him，What he wants to tell us is five words: "I am not a farmer。”The interview with his life history also verified this。This is the “body language” that we need to observe in interviews。

In summary，If we look at the essence of sociological fieldwork using "in-depth interviews" as the main method from the perspective of bet365 sports，Then it can be regarded as the bet365 sports given by the interviewee to his words during the interview and the interview scene (including the interviewee's clothing at the time)、expression、Exploration of the bet365 sports of action and home environment。Once researchers figure this out，You can achieve such inquiry with a proactive attitude and stance，This understanding started from the time of the interview and the scene。In this sense，In-depth interviews are a process of collecting information，It is also a process of research。

Next，Exploring the bet365 sports of realization，It is also necessary to identify the bet365 sports of the interviewee’s narrative。The interviewees’ narratives are indeed meaningful，But they may not all have sociological significance。Tasks of Interviewers and Researchers，It is to extract the sociological content of their words from the narrative。This requires us to read the "implications" in the interviewee's narrative。In October 1998, we interviewed a young woman named Jin in Qingpu District, Shanghai，After graduating from a vocational school as a kindergarten teacher, she worked as a kindergarten teacher in the town。The entire interview was conducted in her plain narrative，She talked about her younger brother who was admitted to Tongji University；Because the factory where my husband is employed is in recession，So the husband’s income is unstable；She doesn’t know how much money her husband’s family spent on hosting a wedding banquet。Now the couple does housework together，But because she works in a kindergarten in town，So take care of the children、The task of buying groceries naturally falls on her，She also washes the clothes。Her husband sometimes cooks。Two people run the household together，But the money is managed separately。If you want to buy something big and valuable，It takes two people to discuss it together... although the story is plain，But we can see，She still has praise and criticism，For example, she doesn’t know how much her husband’s family spends on hosting a banquet when they get married，Husband’s income is unstable，She and her husband implement the AA system in terms of family finance，There is no praise for the husband and husband’s family throughout the article。Our analysis is，Because "family scandals should not be publicized"，So she cannot openly express her dissatisfaction with her husband’s family in front of us，Under this premise，“No praise is criticism”，We can see from her narrative that she is dissatisfied with her husband’s family and this unsatisfactory marriage。The interviewee’s values ​​are thus highlighted。

Finally，bet365 sports exploration needs to enter the inner world of the interviewee。October 1998，We also visited Lao Zhou in Qingpu District，Lao Zhou was 48 years old at that time，Married in the 1970s。He has a bad family background，Being a door-to-door son-in-law，Arrived at a village near Qingpu County。Throughout the interview，He talks about how he can do it，How to be responsible。For example, after working as a production team leader for three years in 1987, he was transferred to the village comprehensive management office as an agricultural cadre，His annual income is more than 8,000 yuan，My wife is 6,000 yuan，But now he is responsible for the daily expenses of the whole family，Like eating、Water fee、Electricity bills, etc.。Both of his sons work in automobile manufacturers。When the eldest son gets married，Even renovating the house、A total of more than 20,000 yuan was spent on the bride price and dinner。The family’s current annual expenses are more than 10,000 yuan，The money they earned as a couple has basically been exhausted。His own statement，The house with four floors and four floors that we live in now was built in 1987，It cost more than 20,000 yuan at that time，I don’t have enough money，Borrowed 6,000 yuan from relatives，Pay off in three years。But it is precisely his ability and responsibility that allow us to deeply understand the pain caused to him by being discriminated against because of his status as "recruiting a son-in-law" after he came to his daughter's home。His two sons work in a car manufacturer，Everyone’s monthly income is at least more than 3,000 yuan，But he is also responsible for the daily expenses of the whole family，That is "fighting for breath"，Live in a way that leaves others speechless。So the identity of "recruiting a son-in-law" is an unforgettable "complex" in his life。When we see this，We have seen the inner world of Lao Zhou，All his irrational actions can be given a reasonable explanation。

In short，Field investigation with bet365 sports exploration as the main feature，Data collection and analysis occur simultaneously，The research process is to use the interviewee’s words as text，Expand and extend the sociological bet365 sports in the interviewee’s words，Then raise research questions of considerable academic value，Reveal the practical significance of a phenomenon that has been ignored by previous researchers。

(The author is a professor bet365 sports Department of Sociology, Peking University)