Generally, we will call the non -questionnaire -filling method.，According to Professor Chen Xiangming in the book "Research on Quality Research and Social Sciences"，"Chinese History、Sociology、Anthropology、Archeology、Nationalology、'Methods of Cultural Anthropology "commonly used in the fields of folklore" "is as" quality research methods "and" very similar "in the book，or "The research method of quality is the method of‘ cultural anthropology ’and the basis of other related fields.。A field survey is usually based on in -depth interviews and observation as a research method，This is the characteristic of qualitative research。So，It will use Max Weber's "interpretation sociology" as a methodology for research，Because Weber defines sociology as "the interpretation of social actions to obtain the reasons for this action、Science of the Explanation of Process and Results "。"Explanation understanding" of social actions has become the task of sociological research。

The reason why social action is understandable，It is because the subjective significance given to it by the actor is understandable。After Weber's phenomenology sociologist Alfred Schutz, in the criticism of Weber's above -mentioned insights，Further developing the question of how to understand and explain the phenomenon given by people，He defines "understanding" as a correlation with meaning，This is because "explanation" needs to bet365 best casino games be expressed，Therefore, all understanding is understanding of meaning，Troubled in turn，All understanding is meaning。So，Under the premise of relatively accurate grasp of the researcher's narrative of the respondent，The understanding and interpretation of the interview materials can be generally equivalent to the understanding and explanation of the meaning of the interview information given by the interview。

I think，I think，One of the core concepts in the field survey is "meaning"。Just as Norman K. Deng Jin, etc. The introduction of the definition of qualitative research in the "Qualitative Research: Methodology Basics"，"Qualitative Studies ... Try to understand and explain the phenomenon based on the meaning given by people"。The essence of meaning lies in it "it is a certain and available features available for communication and sharing"。Because of this，Schitz discussed the "subjective inter -subjectivity" (that is, to realize communication and communication with each other as an individual actor) in the sociology of phenomenology.。Field survey based on meaningful understanding has three characteristics。

First，To correct the misunderstanding of separation of investigations and research -the survey is just to collect information，The analysis of the compiled information after the investigation is the research。but，field survey of sociology with in -depth interviews and observation as the main method of collecting data，When the interviewer goes to the face of the visiting person，In fact, he or her has entered an interview scene，The reason why it is a scene，It is because it is given meaning to the interviewer Bet365 app download and the interviewed person。Interviews need to be asked by the interviewer to ask the respondent to answer，This will inevitably enter the meaning communication and communication of both parties，We usually call this "the meaning of the meaning of both parties"，Because the question is regardless of the question，Answer to ask if it is good，All are based on the understanding of the other party as the premise。

If this scene is among the people interviewed，So the interviewer can first see the significance of the living environment given to them by the interviewee -the new and old of the house，The degree of attention of furniture and furnishings，The tidy and messy indoor，This reflects the attitude of the interviewee as a social activist to life and his or her social status and even whether the interviewed person wants to change it。Another，If the person was interviewed received a notice to be interviewed in advance，Then he will definitely prepare this。2004 summer，Our 78 -year -old Uncle Yao when we visited in Shaoxing, Zhejiang，The interview location is in the elderly activity room in the village。When Uncle Yao enters the door，Wear a gray short -sleeved silk shirt in the upper body，Wear a pair of gray silk trousers in the lower body，Under the feet is a pair of brown leather sandals。The interesting thing is，There is a clip under his body under the armpit of his body，After entering the door, find a place where you can put a newspaper。When we opened a visit to the discussion at night，I said that Uncle Yao’s body is given meaning to him，What he wants to tell us is five words: "I am not a farmer。"and bet365 live casino games the interview with his life history also verified this point。This is the "body language" that we need to observe in the interview。

To sum up，If you look at the essence of the sociological field survey with the main method of "deep interview" from the perspective of meaning，Then you can think of it as the meaning of the discourse given to the respondent during the interview and the interview scenario given to the interview (including the dressed of the visitors at the time、expression、Action and Home Environment) Inquiry。Once the researchers clarify this，You can achieve such an inquiry with a positive attitude and position，From the interview and the scene, this kind of cognition。In this sense，Deep interviews are the process of collecting materials，It is also the process of research。

Second，Exploring meaning of realization，It also needs to distinguish the significance of the visiting person's narrative。The narrative of the interviewee is indeed meaningful，But it may not all have the meaning of sociology。The task of the interviewer and researcher，It is to extract the content of sociological meaning in their words from the narrative。This requires us to read the "meaning of words outside" in the description of the visiting person。In October 1998, we visited a young woman named Jin in Qingpu District, Shanghai，After graduating from a kindergarten teacher in a vocational school, she went to the town as a kindergarten teacher。The entire interview is performed in her bland narrative，She talked about her younger brother who was admitted to Tongji University;，So the husband's income is unstable; how much money does it bet365 live casino games cost to get a banquet in the husband's family。Now the housework husband and wife do it together，But because she works in the kindergarten in the town，So bring children、The task of buying vegetables naturally falls on her，The clothes are also she washed。Her husband sometimes cooks rice。Two people head together，But the money is separated to tube。If you want to buy a large amount of value，I have to discuss two people together ... Although it is dull，But we can see，She still has a derogation，For example, she does not know how much she spends a banquet when her husband's house is married，Husband's income is unstable，She and her husband implement the AA system in the family's economy，There is no praise to the husband and husband's family in the whole article。Our analysis is，Because "Family Ugly"，So she can’t publicly express her dissatisfaction with the husband's family in front of us，Under this premise，"No praise is criticism"，We can see from her narrative that she is dissatisfied with her husband's family and this unsatisfactory marriage。The values ​​of the subject are also highlighted。

Last，Significance to enter the inner world of the visiting person。October 1998，We also visited Lao Zhou in Qingpu District，Lao Zhou at that time 48，Marriage in the 1970s。He is not good at family background，I made a son -in -law，Come to a village around Qingpu County。In the entire interview，What he is talking about is how he can do it，How to take responsibility。For example, after three years of production team captain since 1987, he was transferred to the village comprehensive governance office as agricultural bet365 best casino games cadres，His annual income of more than 8,000 yuan，The wife is 6000 yuan，But now the daily expenses of the whole family are responsible for，Ru Eat、Water fee、electricity bills, etc.。His two sons work in automobile manufacturers。When the eldest son gets married，Larried houses、It spent more than 20,000 yuan for hiring and invitation to eat。Now a year's expenditure requires more than 10,000 yuan，The money they earn basically use light。His self -report，The house on the fourth floor where you live is made in 1987，It took more than 20,000 yuan at that time，Not enough money，Borrowed 6000 yuan from relatives，Clear in three years。But it is exactly his ability and responsibility to make us more deeply understand the pain that he brought to him by discriminating against him after he came to the female house。His two sons work in a car manufacturer，Each person's monthly income exceeds 3000 yuan，But he still has to be responsible for the daily expenses of the whole family，That is "fighting"，To live a look that makes others say nothing。So the identity of "recruiting son -in -law" is the "complex" that he can't forget his life。When we see this，We saw the inner world of Lao Zhou，All the unreasonable actions of his unreasonable action can also give a reasonable explanation。

In short，Field survey with meaning inquiries as the main characteristics，Data collection and analysis occur at the same time，The process of research is to use the words of the subject as a text，Expand and extend the sociological significance in the interviewed words，Then I propose a research problem with considerable bet365 live casino games academic value，Reveal the practical significance of the phenomenon ignored by previous researchers。

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