Talking about teenage bet365 sportsbook review，What people most easily think of are those children who are in their prime but choose to end their lives。Actually，Except for a few who commit extreme acts，There are more teenagers suffering from teenage bet365 sportsbook review。Some of them express the pain of bet365 sportsbook review through self-harm；Some retreat into cocoons，Abandoned all social interaction and positive behavior；Some others look very sunny、Cheerful，With a smile，But he may be suffering from "invisible bet365 sportsbook review"。

　　Issues on diagnostic criteria for adolescent bet365 sportsbook review

Adolescent bet365 sportsbook review is a psychological disorder that was only included in the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Edition (ICD-10) by the World Health Organization in the past decade，refers to happening in children、Depressive mood disorders in adolescents，Often manifested as long-term bet365 sportsbook review、Social avoidance、Self-harming behavior，And accompanied by mood swings、Irritability and other symptoms。Severe cases may lead to social withdrawal、Schizophrenia-episodic bet365 sportsbook review、Symptoms of severe mental illness such as bipolar disorder，Even leading to extreme consequences such as suicide。A research report recently published in The Lancet points out，People aged 15-24 are most affected by bet365 sportsbook review。The "2020 bet365 sportsbook review Patient Group Survey Report" also shows，Respondents aged 18-25 believe that the reasons for their adolescent bet365 sportsbook review include irreconcilable conflicts in their original families、Disappointed in myself during academic competition、Transmission of anxiety and stress in adults，Putting teenagers at the end of the social anxiety and pressure chain。

Based on estimates from the World Health Organization，Approximately 3 worldwide.8% of people experience bet365 sportsbook review；The incidence of bet365 sportsbook review among teenagers is more than 4%。This means，bet365 sportsbook review is a serious mental health problem among teenagers。

The end of April 2023，17 departments including the Ministry of Education jointly issued the "Special Action Plan to Comprehensively Strengthen and Improve Student Mental Health in the New Era (2023-2025)"，Proposed to standardize mental health monitoring、Improving psychological early warning intervention、Optimize social psychological services，Strengthening Children’s Hospital、Construction of children’s psychological consultation and specialist outpatient clinics in psychiatric hospitals and maternal and child health care institutions。However in current medical practice，Psychiatrists’ diagnosis of bet365 sportsbook review is relatively subjective。This is because the cause and pathogenesis of bet365 sportsbook review are unclear，Therefore，It is difficult to diagnose the etiology clinically；We cannot rely on objectivity like physical illness、Quantifiable indicators to make diagnosis。For teen bet365 sportsbook review，Diagnostic criteria commonly used by psychiatrists include: "International Classification of Diseases" (ICD-10/11) developed by the World Health Organization、The fifth edition of the "Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders" (DSM-5) formulated by the American Psychological Association and the "Standards for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Mental Disorders (2020 Edition)" issued by the National Health Commission in 2020, etc.。None of these diagnostic criteria treat adolescent bet365 sportsbook review differently from bet365 sportsbook review in adults，And mostly rely on patient self-report。Therefore，Misdiagnosis in the diagnosis of adolescent bet365 sportsbook review、Missed diagnosis is not uncommon。

Exploring the psychological mechanism of bet365 sportsbook review in adolescents，Looking for suitable objective parameters as indicators for the diagnosis of adolescent bet365 sportsbook review，It is a problem that needs to be addressed in current clinical-cognitive psychology research。

　　Double target experiment: attention relief difficulties in adolescent patients with bet365 sportsbook review

Research has shown that，bet365 sportsbook review is accompanied by a negative bias in information processing，That is, when facing objects with emotional characteristics，Depressed patients are more likely to notice negative emotional content。Currently，Researchers generally believe that patients with bet365 sportsbook review do not develop cognitive biases during the attention stage of negative information，But it lacks a "protection bias"，Exhibited as a lack of tendency to avoid negative information。Specifically，When ordinary people observe negative information，Will naturally react by avoiding or running away。The opposite is true for patients with bet365 sportsbook review，Difficulty in paying attention to negative information。Researchers think，This difficulty with relief is associated with disorders of emotion management and persistent negative emotional experiences。

Based on previous research results，We further propose that the occurrence of adolescent bet365 sportsbook review is related to cognitive biases in the growth and development stages。In the growth and development period of adolescents，Psychological cognitive functions are often maladaptive due to rapid changes in physiological characteristics。Some children may have biased responses to negative emotional information，This is also to pay attention to solving difficulties。To verify this hypothesis，We use a classic paradigm in cognitive psychology experiments to detect the cognitive differences between depressed adolescents and ordinary children。This paradigm is called the “double-target paradigm”，Adolescents were asked to make judgments about two emotional faces before and after a very short time interval。Adolescents’ recognition of the emotion of the previous face will interfere with the recognition of the emotion of the subsequent face。We record and calculate the nature and magnitude of this interference，You can understand the negative bias characteristics of adolescents in emotion recognition tasks，To understand the possible factors affecting the occurrence of bet365 sportsbook review in adolescents。

Experimental results carried out by research team member Zhu Shasha，There is no difference between ordinary teenagers and depressed teenagers in their ability to recognize the emotions of different faces；Depressed adolescents do not have excessive attention and vigilance to negative stimuli。But，When the emotions of the front and back faces are both negative，Depressed adolescents show different reaction trends from normal adolescents。We have reason to think，This difference is because the negative emotional face that appears first triggers the bet365 sportsbook review bias in depressed adolescents。They do not show normal "protection bias"，Get rid of or avoid negative stimuli as soon as possible，Instead, more bet365 sportsbook review resources are invested in negative stimuli。When these negative information become the focus of the patient’s bet365 sportsbook review processing，It will be difficult to pay attention to release。

Through the evaluation and calculation of this difference，We further propose a hypothesis about the cognitive mechanism of adolescent bet365 sportsbook review: adolescent patients with bet365 sportsbook review allocate too many cognitive resources to negative stimuli during the processing of information，And ignore other information input。This makes it difficult for patients to escape attention from negative stimuli，This difficulty in getting rid of further leads to ineffective emotion management and persistent negative emotional experience。

As mentioned above，Research on the diagnostic criteria for bet365 sportsbook review mostly starts from the clinical manifestations of patients，This type of examination relies on the patient’s self-experience and self-report。For adolescents in the developmental stage，Descriptions of some psychosomatic experiences and somatization symptoms may be highly inaccurate，As a result, the doctor cannot fully understand the patient's condition, resulting in misdiagnosis。This study uses the classic paradigm of cognitive psychology，Explore the changes in adolescents’ responses to objective stimuli in the time interval of 0-235ms。This measurement method avoids the pitfalls of subjective reporting，Be able to understand the cognitive bias characteristics of adolescents at the subconscious level；Suitable for fast-paced consultation and treatment requirements in clinical outpatient clinics。Looking at it from another angle，The concern about bet365 sportsbook review in teenagers may also cause some teenagers to "follow" bet365 sportsbook review，Teens may exaggerate their emotional experiences，Subjectively believe that oneself suffers from bet365 sportsbook review，So as to find a suitable reason for your failure or trouble。At this time，Detecting bet365 sportsbook review in adolescents using a procedure that does not involve the expression of subjective symptoms，This is a more appropriate method。

In the double target experiment，We found that the main component of negative bias in depressed adolescents is difficulty in relieving attention。Recognize this cognitive mechanism，Not only can it help clinicians conduct cognitive diagnosis of adolescent bet365 sportsbook review，The intervention and treatment of adolescent bet365 sportsbook review also has certain practical value。Clinical intervention for adolescent bet365 sportsbook review can be combined with attention relief training。What we can look forward to，On the basis of more clinically based experimental studies in cognitive psychology，The cognitive mechanism of adolescent bet365 sportsbook review will become increasingly clear；Cognitive bias characteristics may become diagnostic criteria for adolescent bet365 sportsbook review；Cognitive training may also become a mainstream intervention strategy for adolescent bet365 sportsbook review。

　　(The author is a professor at the School of Psychiatry, Wenzhou Medical University)