In recent years，Someone has re -proposed the "meritorious" theory of imperialist invasion of imperialism for a long time，I believe that imperialist invasion of China has brought advanced western civilization to China，Play a positive role in China's modernization，Therefore, it is a merit。This error tone，It is a reflection of historical nihilism in the study of modern Chinese history，confuses imperialist aggression、The complex relationship between Chinese people studying Western advanced civilization and resistance to the invasion of Western powers，It is necessary to clarify and analyze theoretically from theory。

　　Bet365 lotto review Dual features of modern western civilization

Western civilization is mainly from ancient Greek Roman civilization，After the evolution of medieval Christian civilization with Hebrew belief as the source。After the Renaissance and Industrial Revolution，Western civilization has quickly completed the transformation to modern forms，Development into democracy、Science、Human Rights、Western modern civilization with the concept of individualism。It is essentially a capitalist civilization that is closely connected to the capitalist system。This feature，It determines that it will be widely spread with the expansion of capitalism。

During the expansion of the bourgeoisie，It is bound to promote your own production method and lifestyle to the world，Rebound the world according to your own face。This，Capitalist powers have become the executor of capitalism to the world and change the entire world。force conquest、Economic aggression and civilization communication together。Capitalism through war、Bet365 lotto review plunder to seize the colonies，Opening the international market，plunder raw materials and various resources，Western modern civilization also expands to the world with this violent way of "blood and fire"。With this brutal colonial expansion method，Modern Western civilization represented by capitalist powers has also been widely spread all over the world。Therefore，International Communication of Modern Western Civilization，It is the force conquest and brutal plunder with the Western powers。Capitalism's brutal expansion，It is intertwined with the international communication of modern civilization in the West。Capitalist powers are brutal invaders，Because it achieves the purpose of obtaining the market and raw materials in various brutal methods，Push capitalist production methods to the world。

Behind the capitalist powers, there is a powerful modern industrial civilization at that time，with the most advanced politics at that time、Economy、Military and social systems and their advanced concepts，Master the most advanced science and technology and cutting -edge scientific and technological achievements at the time。Therefore，Behind the capitalist powers，Stand with advanced modern civilization。Modern Western civilization，Not only has the developed science and technology unable to compare with ancient Chinese civilization，And with the democracy that ancient civilization does not have、Freedom and science spirit。The advanced nature of modern western civilization and its characteristics combined with capitalism，Determined that Western powers are both the invaders of the brutal expansion of capitalism，At the same time, it is the spreader of modern civilization in the West。This dual feature，Determined the east of the Western modern civilization，For traditional Chinese civilization in a relatively backward position，Is a huge challenge and powerful impact。

　Merchant invasion and Chinese anti -aggression:historical facts that cannot be scratched

The East of Modern Western Civilization，It is accompanied by the expansion of European capitalist forces。After the Opium War，Capitalist powers with war、Invasion、Plording method forcibly enters China。It is first displayed in front of China with the face of the invaders，Crazy brutal aggression on China。Capitalist powers have launched the first Opium War、Second Opium War、Sino -French War、Sino -Japanese Sino -Japanese War、The Eight -Power Allied Forces Invasion War, etc.，Forcing the Qing government to sign a series of unequal treaties，Gradually change China from an independent sovereign state to a semi -colonial country that loses sovereignty。

Capitalist powers bring bloody war to modern China、Savage aggression and crazy plunder，and the pain of the Chinese people caused by it、Disaster and shame。From the perspective of Chinese people in modern times，Capitalist powers are the out ofward invaders。This is an objective historical fact that cannot be erased。In this sense，A modern Chinese history，It is a history of imperialist invasion of China，It is a history of capitalist powers to become a colonial semi -colonial history，It is a history of humiliation of the Chinese nation，It is a history of suffering of the Chinese people。Ignoring and negating the brutal aggression of imperialism on China，is historical nihilism。

The aggression of Western powers will inevitably arouse the anti -aggression of the Chinese people，National oppression will inevitably cause national resistance。Starting from the Opium War，The Chinese nation has made an indomitable fight for its own survival，Resolutely resist the brutal aggression of the Western powers。In this sense，A modern Chinese history，is a Chinese nation's resistance to aggression、Fight for national independence history，It is the history Bet365 lotto review of revolutionary struggle against imperialism in the Chinese people，It is the history of struggle for the Chinese people to seek prosperity。This is also an objective historical fact that cannot be erased。Ignore and deny the anti -aggression struggle of the Chinese people，Negative the reasonableness of the Chinese nation's resistance and fighting for the national independence，Also a historical nihilism。

　　Invaders and Communicationers:Double -sided image of modern Western capitalist powers

Through contact and competition with the capitalist powers，Modern Chinese really feel that encountering "the strong enemy for thousands of years"，In the "unchanged bureau for thousands of years"，Seeking cultural change in anxiety，Of course, they are also looking at these Western powers that have broke into China and the heterogeneous civilization behind them。

Western powers have brought huge disasters to the Chinese people，Therefore, in the eyes of modern Chinese，They are the invaders who are not aggressive，It brought a serious disaster to China，Must be expelled and resist。At the same time，These powers are the winners of the war of aggression，The victory depends on the powerful Western modern civilization: advanced technology、Advanced democratic system、Machine Big Industry、Capital business operation、Complete business management、The spirit of developed cultural education and democracy and freedom，etc.。These constitute another picture of modern Chinese people's cognition: another side of the invader of the West，is the spreader of advanced modern civilization。This，Modern Western Capitalist powers shaped the double -sided image of the invaders and the communicator。The Chinese people use a complex mentality of "love and hate"，Treating modern Western civilization。Hate，Because Western powers are invaders who bring disaster to China，So we must resolutely resist Bet365 app download its aggression，Anti -aggression struggle for justice，To achieve national independence。Love，Because there is a powerful and advanced modern industrial civilization behind the Western powers，To realize the country's prosperity，To realize the country's prosperity。In short，Both to resist the aggression of the Western powers，Also learn the advanced civilization behind Western powers。

The "Shi Yi Signs to Care" proposed by Wei Yuan，typically reflects the dual dilemma of modern Chinese people learning Western civilization and resisting the aggression of the powers: both revenge，I have to be a teacher;，Also to make meal。For this，Modern Chinese must overcome two errors: First, because of hate Western powers, they refuse to learn from modern Western advanced civilization.。Western powers are mixtures for aggressors and civilized communicators，There are two characteristics of both characteristics。Western powers' achievements in modern China，It has a side that is mainly a brutal aggression characteristics，There is also one side that unconsciously expands the characteristics of the spread of modern civilization in the West。This is fully displayed in the activities of Chinese missionary in modern times。The key to the problem is，If you only see the posture of the spreader of Western capitalist powers，and forgot the face of the invaders，It is also the tendency of historical nihilism。

　　Subjective motivation and objective effects: Western powersBe served as "Conscious Tools of History"

From the macro perspective of the historical development of modern China，Modern Western civilization with aggression、The brand of plunder and slavery，It brought a huge disaster to the Chinese people，But at the same time, it also caused a huge impact on the closed Chinese traditional civilization，The inherent order of disrupted Chinese society，shake the social foundation of traditional Chinese Bet365 lotto review civilization，Open modern communication between modern civilization and Chinese civilization。

Modern Western civilization spread to China with capitalist powers。They first transplanted the modern western civilization into the ceded colonies and the concession of the business port，Then spread with its forces to expand to Mainland China。Capitalist powers are not intended to spread the gospel of modern western civilization to China，but to expand its colonial forces more effectively，better maintain its colonial rule，Only brought the Western advanced civilization to China and promoted。Capitalist production method and lifestyle，It is accompanied by the aggression and plunder of the powers and gradually entered and spread in China。Subjective motivation for capitalist powers to invade China and maintain its colonial rule，between the objective effects of bringing modern civilization to China，There is indeed a huge difference。That kind of "meritorious" that believes that capitalist powers invade China、That kind of argument that believes that the inflection of the power to China brings the so -called Western civilization to China，I only saw some objective effects of the powerful colonial rule，and ignore its subjective motivation at all，Negotiation of the objective facts of capturing Chinese sovereignty for colonial rule，is a typical "inverted fruit for the cause"。This kind of "reasons for the cause" of "inverted fruit"，is historical nihilism。

Despicable motivation for western powers，It does produce objective effects of modern civilization in the West，Be served as "Conscious Tools of History"。But as Marx said，Western powers "Nothing will bring freedom to the people，It will not improve their social conditions at all，Because neither depends on the development of productivity，and decide whether to belong to the people owned by the people "。Under the circumstance where the nation's independence and the incomplete national bet365 live casino games sovereignty，Input of Western civilization and advanced productivity brought by it，It is impossible to own the Chinese people，Not to bring a true well -being brought to the Chinese nation。

(the author is a researcher at the Chinese Academy of History of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences)