Soybean is one of the world's important crops and food crops，Because of its high protein、High fat content becomes the source of grain, oil and feed。In plant classification，Soy beans include two species，That is wild soybeans and cultivation soybeans。Wild soybean is the near -influence of the soybean of the soybean，Mainly distributed in China、Korean Peninsula、Japanese Islands and Russia Far East。Evidence of cell biology and molecular biology all supports wild soybeans through natural and manual choice to gradually evolve into cultivation soybeans。

Comparison analysis of wild soybeans and cultivation soybean gene sequences，The cultivation history of soybeans is very complicated。The middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River have long been regarded as one of the origin of soybeans。The earliest soybean relic of soybeans here so far，Seen in the early Shinshi era (9000-7500 years from the time)。until late in Longshan (4500-4000 years ago)，It has begun to differentiate from size to large and small groups，Impressing bet365 Play online games the coexistence of wild soybeans and cultivation soybeans。

Look from the archeological data，The carbonized soybean relics in the early Shinshi era are accompanied by the relics of the relics，There is also millet、黍、rice such as rice，They are with pottery、House、Gray pit and other relics jointly point to a relatively stable settlement life。At this time, the carbonized soybean relic，High frequency of unearthed about，It is speculated that the ancients had begun to intervene in the habitat of wild soybeans，and lead to some specific traits in early wild soybeans，It is not reflected in the characteristics of size。Obviously，The changes in the size of soybeans are very vague during the early stage of artificial cultivation，Change of the variety of seeds becomes large，It only happened to the late stage。and other cultivation related features，If the degree of cracking of the pod、Seeds hardness, etc.，On the premise of lacking ancient DNA data support，It is difficult to identify from archeological materials。

Genetics research using technologies such as QTL and GWAS can explore the changes in soybean fat and protein content。As far as the seed ingredients itself，Low evolution、Wild Character typical wild soybean protein content bet365 Play online games high，The protein content of soybeans and hundreds of weights、The fat content is negative。Introduction to the introduction of X-CT high-precision non-destructive scanning technology，We can carefully observe and measure the internal structure of carbonized soybean seeds。Carbonized soybean has a hole structure of different sizes，Can these holes be established with the ingredients of the seeds，So as a new breakthrough point for the origin of soybeans?

Along this idea，Shandong University research team uses synchronous radiation X -ray micro imaging technology，Measted and 3D reconstruction of modern and ancient charcoal soybean holes。Experimental results indicate，The hole structure of carbonized soybeans is unique，The relationship with oil droplets is very close。Oil drip flowing along the leaves and aggregated into large oil droplets，Once carbonization，Big oil drip disappear，Finally formed the hole structure inside the carbon seeds。Three sets of modern sample simulation carbonization of protein and fat content after the measurement of protein and fat content showed，The overall content of protein and oil and the number of groups of the number of carbonized soybean holes existing linear corresponding relationship。High oil may promote the Bet365 lotto review generation of more smaller holes; opposite，High protein leads to the generation of large holes。

Use this association to seven archeological samples unearthed from the sites in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River (see Figure)，distribution of the holes of each seed，It is reflected in the pore volume ratio (vertical axis) and the number of quantities (horizontal axis)。Pole volume ratio，refers to the volume of the hole divided by the seed volume; the quantity is sorted，That is, the holes of each soybean are sorted by large and small one by one。Each curve represents a grain of soybeans，Points on the curve represent the hole。

shown in the figure，Promoting over time，Soybean oil content tends to increase。Three modern samples and archeological sample S1 (Tang Dynasty，Xijin City) and S4 (Longshan，Anta set)，Called it as a group 1，The volume distribution of its holes is significantly higher than other samples。and S2 -S3 (Shang Dynasty，Daxinzhuang)、S5 — S6 (Longshan Culture，Xijin City) and S7 (post -Lee Culture，Moon Zhu)，Called it as a group 2，The volume distribution of its holes is leaning down。Light -colored blank areas are clearly divided into two times with group 1 and group 2，The gap between the times between the two reached more than 2000 years (except S4)Bet365 lotto review ，The oil content increases greater (the right curve is more divergent)，Show the oil content increase significantly。

Daxinzhuang ruins Shangya charcoal soybean size can be divided into small and large groups，or the differentiation of the wild species and cultivation species。We compare one large, one small, two sample S2 and S3 unearthed from Daxinzhuang site，Observe whether there is a corresponding relationship between the difference between the internal ingredients and size of the soybean omen。S2 and S3 Size Dimensions are obvious，Guess S2 series cultivation species，S3 is a wild species。Look at the results of CT scan，S3 is low than S2，and the protein content is higher than S2。S2 oil content is higher than S3，Protein content lower than S3。This result supports S2 series cultivation species、S3 is a judgment of wild species。The results of the composition analysis and the size judgment are consistent。

Sample S5 and S6 are the relics of Longshan Times from Xijincheng ruins。The individuals of the two are relatively large，Even the Shang Dynasty samples of Daxinzhuang。According to statistics from Li Yan'e and others，Carbonized soybean length and width value have strong linear correlation。Therefore，The length value is the key value that distinguishes the size。Based on this bet365 best casino games visible，S5 individual greater than S6。Although the number of holes (horizontal axis) is not obvious in the 20-60 range，But after the order 80，S5 samples have more small holes。This implies that S5 is higher than S6。Composition analysis and size judgment results are consistent。，The earliest post -Li cultural sample s7，Its oil content is even higher than that of modern wild soybeans。

This indicates，The history of the ancestors in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River chooses the history of cultivating soybeans，The latest distance at the latest 7500 years ago，And more inclined to choose individuals with high fat content。This discovery，Make up for the early intervention process of humans that cannot be observed in the previous size analysis，also partially answered Li Yan'e and other Japanese islands is the big grain soybean exposure time (5000 years away from it).。This study shows the huge potential of synchronous radiation X-CT means in exploring the domestication of crops。

(Author Unit: Institute of Cultural Heritage of Shandong University)