The Mediterranean is the place of the birth of ancient Greek Roman civilization，It is also the place where the east -west civilization is converged。Mediterranean civilization is based on the Greek Roman civilization，also includes Egypt in the Central China Sea region、Two River Basin、Philimi -Carthage Civilization。In the process of formation and development of the Mediterranean civilization，These peripheral civilizations have also made great contributions。

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The Mediterranean is the birthplace of diversified civilization，At one time, Egyptian civilization、Philimi -Carthage Civilization、Hebrew Civilization、Greek civilization on the Aegean Sea and the Balkan Peninsula、Idararian civilization on the Italian Peninsula，And the Kolt nomadic civilization in Gaul region、Skytai Nomadic Civilization in the Northern Black Sea。

Speaking of ancient civilization of the Mediterranean，We must mention the Phoenicians，Although its ancestral home is in Lebanon、Syria、Palestinian area，But they are the business nation，The merchant ship is far from all corners of the Mediterranean。From 1200 BC to 800 BC，is the pinnacle of Phoenica civilization，strongly promoted the development of civilization bet365 live casino games in the Mediterranean region。

4,000 BC，Egypt enters a civilized society。As early as the period of the Crete Civilization period (about 2500-500 BC)，Eighteenth dynasty Pharaoh and Kerry's unique diplomatic exchanges。Mindani people can be said to be the beginning of the Greek local civilization，They and Syria、Little Asia Minor and other areas have business and political connections or conflicts。To the era of Herodod，Greek civilization enters the brilliant classical era，Unprecedented enhancement of national consciousness。Even at this time，The Greeks still do not deny that Egyptian civilization、Philipki civilization、The impact of Babylon civilization on Greek civilization。The results of the two centuries of competing in Greece and Persia，The establishment of the Alexander East Expedition and the Greek world，Greek civilization penetrates into Central Asia and India。Opening of the Silk Road，The heritage of Greek civilization has spread to China。

Although the Romans are rare in culture，But they do not resist the advanced culture of the outside world，Instead of adopting useism，For yourself，The mainstream parts of Greek culture are almost all accepted by them。The Greekization of the Romans is an unavoidable fact，But the Romans are not a whole "hi"，They have their own choices，I made a transformation of Greek culture according to my own needs。Until the era of the Roman Empire，The unified Mediterranean Bet365 lotto review civilization really appeared，But this does not mean that there are no other civilized factors and heritage existence。Christianity is also one of the components of the Mediterranean civilization，and the main inheritor of the Greek Roman Classical Civilized Cultural Heritage。

Unified Mediterranean civilization marked by Roman civilization from the 3rd century，A invasion of the "barbarians" in the north。395 years，East and West Rome Division。476 years，Destiny of the Western Roman Empire。but，"Barbarians" still take pride in accepting Roman and Christian culture。With the establishment of the Arab Empire in the 7th century，Unified Mediterranean civilization no longer exists，The situation where various civilizations appear bet365 live casino games in the Mediterranean region。

　　Oriental civilization factors affecting the land of China Sea Civilization

Since the Renaissance，Western academic circles have always regarded Greek and Roman classical civilization as the source of Western civilization。Under European centralism，The so -called "Yalian Mode" appeared in the academic community，It is believed that Western civilization is created by the "Yalian people"，Its source can be traced back to the Greek Roman era，Mediterranean is the source of European civilization。

but，Some scholars ask this question，The most famous is the American sinologist Martin Poner。He explained in "Black Athena"，The root of Western classical civilization is in Asia and Africa，bet365 Play online games He wants to replace the old "Yalian Model" with the new "Yalian Mode"。He thinks，Even in the Herodod era，Greeks have acknowledged that their civilization absorbed the results of Oriental civilization。

Professor Oswin Murry at Oxford University in the book "Early Greece"，From the perspective of art history, the concept of the "Orientalization Time" (750- 650) in Greek history was proposed for the first time，and apply this concept to the entire society in this period。Walter Berkelt accepted the "Oriental Age"，In -depth discussion of the impact of the factors that the near -East civilization may have on Greek culture during this period。

Although these views emphasize the impact of oriental civilization on the origin of Greek civilization，But these scattered、The traces of fragmented effects are not enough to explain the independence of Greek civilization、Plateral and unified。Greek civilization in the Crete era、The era of the Maxani and even the ancient style，Indeed, I was once received by Xiaoya Minia、Phoenic、Babylon、The influence of Egyptian civilization。but，In the later historical process，Greek civilization has embarked on the road of independent development。Regardless of political system、Cultural form、Social composition view，It is difficult for us to see that Greek civilization and Egypt、Phoenic、What are the common things in the Babylonian civilization。They are all civilizations with independent characteristics，bet365 best casino games There are their respective civilization forms。So，Take the ancient Greek civilization as the source of Western civilization，It can still be established。Later Roman civilization, and passed on the Roman civilization and Christianity to future generations，It is the heritage of Greek classical culture (including Greek culture)。In this sense,，Greek civilization is one of the earliest regional civilizations in the Mediterranean region，It is also the basis for the formation of the Mediterranean civilization in the Roman era。Tracking the source，Philimi、Egypt、Babylon -based Oriental Civilization Factors，I did participate in the creation and development of the Mediterranean civilization。

　　Silk Road communicates in Rome and China

The Silk Road is connected with the Mediterranean around the Mediterranean around the AD。At this time it was the Roman Empire period，The Mediterranean becomes the inner sea of ​​the Romans。As early as the 2nd century BC，Zhang Jian and other Chinese messes know that the rest of the branch is distant、Li Xuan。Although the definition of this two places is different，But all point to the distant Western countries，Anjo on the East Coast of the Mediterranean and Alexander Greater，There are possibilities。

1st century BC，China's silk has been transported to Rome。At the end of the 1st century，Chinese messenger Gan Ying was ordered to make envoys Daqin，Although failed to arrive for some reason，bet365 Play online games But he brought back rumors about Daqin，Especially clarified the orientation of Daqin (plow) and branches，They are undoubtedly related to the sea，This "Sea" may be the Mediterranean。Although Daqin is far away from China，But through land and sea Silk Road，A large amount of silk still comes to Rome。The war between rest and Rome may be hindered by the land trading of the Silk Road，But the maritime trade of Rome and Safety and Tianzhu is unobstructed，Listed a lot。

At the end of the 2nd century，Roman merchants have come from sea to the south of China。Although they may come from India，And the name of the Roman Emperor，But this matter is of great significance，This is a sign to open from the Mediterranean to the China Maritime Silk Road。During the Roman Empire，Geographicist Ptolemy once recorded，A Roman caravan departs from the east coast of the Mediterranean to China。They seem to reach Luoyang, the capital of the Eastern Han Dynasty，"Houhan Book · Western Regions Biography" records "Yuan Guo Monchi、Dou Le "to offer，Some scholars believe that this is the caravan。In view of the poverty and chaos in ancient Chinese and foreign records，All kinds of guessing to the academic circles，We can only refer to。But one thing can be determined，Opening of the Silk Road on the two roads of the Haiku，undoubtedly expand the contact and communication between the Mediterranean civilization and Chinese civilization。

　　(Author Unit: School of History of Nankai University)