In the new period，my country's development environment and the tasks faced all changes。"Innovation、Coordination、Green、Open、Sharing "new development concepts of development，Just try to solve the problem of growth power，Taking into account solving the imbalance of development、Ecological and Climate Change、New globalization and social fair issues。In terms of development mode，my country must play the decisive role of the market in resource allocation，It is also necessary to better play the role of the failure of the government governance market and promote social fairness and fairness。So，While establishing a modern economic system，Establish and improve the national governance system and governance capabilities，Discover the fiscal system that adapts to and promote the construction of modern economic system，It has important significance。

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In the rapid development of more than 40 years，my country's fiscal system effectively supports economic growth and social progress。The public capital and services needed for people's life are basically satisfied，Pollution and other negative externally governance and education、Medical and other institutions with an externality and mechanism are basically established，Basic formation of antitrust framework and natural monopoly control structure，The social insurance system based on "Five Insurance and One Gold" is initially established，Anti -poverty system that focuses on "subsistence allowances" and accurate poverty alleviation has achieved staged results。Stand in a historical node in the new era，The changes in supply and demand in my country's development environment，Requires the total amount and structural implementation of fiscal expenditure to adjust。

Look from the demand side，First，Look at the total amount and composition Bet365 lotto review of public goods and services，Due to the growth of per capita income and changes in industrial structure，The demand for public goods for residents and enterprises has changed，Except the past road、Bridge and other productive infrastructure，People need more pollution control、Social Security, etc.; For education、Medical、Public public services provided by governments such as public housing，People are looking forward to higher efficiency; more accurate requirements for various subsidies。The role of financial inequality improvement in finance，It also needs to be improved。Obviously，The current financial system is difficult to meet these new demand。For example，In terms of pollution control，The proportion of China's environmental related tax in 2016 is only 3.59%，5.31%lower than the average level of OECD countries，The role of fiscal tools in advancing green development needs to be strengthened。In terms of social security，The current social security system is responsible for the local government，The standard gap between the payment standards in various regions is obvious。In the area behind economic development，Also provides medical protection for returning people who returned to the countryside for injuries after going out to work.，Caused a huge financial burden，It also restricts the sustainable development of the regional economy。In terms of income distribution，Poverty and income inequality issues are still prominent，As the main tool for regulating income distribution，my country ’s personal income tax in 2017 accounts for only about 7%，The role of regulating income distribution is very limited。In the external environment，The spy effect of the financial policy of the great country is obvious。my country's current financial system lacks overflowing effects and foreign countermeasures。

Look from the supply side，In the past fiscal expenditure, a large amount of fiscal expenditure was invested in the field of infrastructure construction，Facing the constraints of decreasing marginal yields，The fiscal expenditure Bet365 app download structure needs to be optimized urgently。In the new era，The source of growth momentum has changed from the past to the new market development led by innovation from the market expansion of investment to innovation。In the past "cooperation with developed countries，Competition with developing countries "has changed，my country began to be in emerging information technology、Network products、High -end manufacturing and other fields competing with the majority of developed countries。Traditional fiscal and taxation systems that stimulate economic growth have come to bottlenecks，Faced with new competitors、New industry competition rules，The government also needs new financial tools to intervene in the market。The market expansion gradually saturate，The restrictions on market efficiency of market forces are becoming more and more serious，The strength of the government's monopoly control must also be strengthened。Environmental pollution problems brought by economic growth in the early years and the growth of the masses' demand for beautiful environment，Requires the government to increase the control of pollution。Population dividend attenuation and development of population aging，strengthened the government's responsibility at the level of pension service and the construction of the basic pension system。The internal power of the transformation of the manufacturing industry and the external pressure of the manufacturing transfer，As a result, migrant workers entering the city face a large unemployment crisis，Requires the government to establish a more effective unemployment rescue system and a cross -regional social security system。

　　"Impossible Triangle" seeking fiscal system reform

Based on the new requirements of the new era fiscal system above，The goal of the current fiscal system should be mainly concentrated in four aspects: first, maintaining economic growth; second, to control economic fluctuations; third, to control ecological environmental pollution and climate change; fourth, reduce income inequality，Promoting social fairness。bet365 Play online games To achieve these four goals，One aspect，We hope to reduce the tax burden as much as possible，Stimulate the production and operation of enterprises，Attract foreign capital and talents，Protecting the potential of economic growth; on the other hand，We also want to maintain or even improve the level of fiscal expenditure，To expand the function of finance，Let the environmental governance of finance beyond economic development、Reconstruction of revenue、Social security and other aspects to play a greater role; in addition，We also want to control the level of government debt，Prevent financial economic risks caused by government debt。But，This "cost more money，You need to collect less money，Can't borrow money "is difficult to achieve。It one，Reducing the macro tax burden while reducing government public fiscal revenue。In this case，Guarantee productive and education and medical expenditure，It will inevitably lead to an increase in the gap between the government's fiscal revenue and expenditure，Expand government debt scale。Its two，If you reduce the macro tax burden，To control government debt scale，Either compressing the scale of fiscal expenditure，Leading environmental governance、Social fair goals cannot be achieved，Either increasing non -tax income other than tax、Social Insurance Fund income or land transfer income。But，Non -tax income mainly depends on the operation of state -owned assets and macroeconomic situations，It is difficult to be subject to subjective control by the government; the income of social insurance funds has a certain anti -cyclical properties，Facing greater growth resistance in the background of the current slowdown in economic growth;，Limited growth space。So，In the case of reducing the tax burden，To control the scale of local government debt，will inevitably lead to a decrease in fiscal expenditure。Its three，Similarly，If the government wants to increase fiscal expenditure，Stable government debt scale，can only increase taxes，Cause greater tax bet365 live casino games burden。From this，fiscal income、Fiscal expenditure and government debt form a financial "impossible triangle"。

In the context of decentralization of the central government，The relationship between the central ground also exacerbates the contradiction of the fiscal "impossible triangle" at the local level。While receiving the central government in financial power，Local governments bear high proportion of affairs，This fact determines that the local government will interfere with the market economy activities as a rational operator，The scale and structure of the tax base and fiscal expenditure will be influenced，Realize the growth of disposable fiscal revenue。This rational decision distorts the behavior of the local government，As a result, local governments have tended to invest in productive expenditure projects，ignored other public items and service expenditures; it also led the local government to operate "land finance"，and accumulated a huge public debt。

Standing in the standpoint of a large country in my country，Adjustment of the fiscal system also faces the constraints of policy spillover effects and foreign policy reactions。Take tax as an example，Tax rate reduces capital inflow into its own country，Therefore, the pressure to reduce the tax rate for other economies。and other national tax rates will offset the effect of the decline in the domestic tax rate。The strategy of both parties has led to a continuous decline in tax rates，The two countries entered the "tax rate war"。Under the constraint of the "impossible triangle" of the fiscal，During the tax rate, it will trigger other domestic tax reforms、Financial expenditure scale and structural adjustment，and debt adjustment, etc.。These adjustments may also cause the response of other open countries on a number of financial tools，The change of tax rate may evolve into a comprehensive fiscal competition。

　　Build a fiscal system responsible for the people

Facing the requirements of the reform of the fiscal system in the new era，and restrictions on the reform of the fiscal system in the background of the domestic and international Bet365 lotto review background，my country must carefully choose the fiscal system reform strategy，Construction is responsible for the people、The fiscal system for helping the construction of modern economic system。

First，Emphasizing macro tax negatives and stableness，Reform of the implementation of fiscal revenue and expenditure structure。On the side of income，Reduce the proportion of indirect taxes such as VAT，Septing space to increase the proportion of direct tax，Strengthening the function of tax reinsurance while maintaining economic growth; the value -added tax rate is linked to the negative external part of the product，Limit the production and circulation of polluting goods from the perspective of tax system。On the side of expenditure，Adjusting fiscal expenditure structure，Reduce excessive investment in infrastructure in some regions，Reduce specific regions、Industry、Enterprise's bias support，Increase the innovation of positive and external technological innovation、Basic Education、Support for activities such as health prevention。Stable government debt scale，Restricted government borrowing behavior。

Second，Reform of Central Land Relations，Unemployment insurance、Pension Insurance、Medical Insurance、Social assistance and other expenditures are responsible for the central government，Properly increase the responsibility of the central government's expenditure，Explore the establishment of a regional transfer payment system，Dilemma of removing the coordination and cooperation between regional expenditure。

third，Promoting the financial interaction and cooperation of great global powers。Promote the establishment of a World Tax Cooperation Organization，Explore the establishment of the international minimum corporate income tax rate; advocate the construction of global tax information sharing database，Strengthen the tax collection and management of overseas investment and multinational enterprises。

Fourth，Reform fiscal budget system，Build a fiscal system responsible bet365 best casino games for the people。First，Implement zero -based budget，Demonstrate contact between the fiscal budget for the New Year，Each expenditure must start with the necessity discussion，Eliminate last year 100、Budget mode of 105 this year，to expand the budget optimization space。At the same time，A project that is directly linked to the GDP in fiscal expenditures，Relax of the constraint on fiscal budget。More importantly，Let the budget be responsible for the people，All budgets must pass through the party committee、People's Congress Standing Committee、Public hearing, etc.，Strengthen the supervision of the people's fiscal budget。

　　(The author is the dean of the School of Applied Economics, Renmin University of China、Professor)