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Times need excellent history and history of disconnection

May 22, 2020 02:22 Source: "China Social Sciences", May 22, 2020, No. 1931 Author: Zou Zhaochen

　　"Huitong" and "Drag" are a historical topic，Ancient historians due to their different purpose，There have been different opinions on this。But look at it today，The compilation of the two historical tailors is the need for the times。

　　Huitong is different from the purpose of the inter -generation

　　"Huitong" and "Drag" are the tradition of Chinese history，Both historical books of two genres have made great contributions to the development of Chinese history。In the history of ancient Chinese history，Different from the purpose of the historians，Different insights that have produced the best views of "Huitong" and "Ban Generation"。

　　Sima Qian deliberately in "the change of ancient and modern"，Create the history of Ji Chuan's "Historical Records"，Emperor Huang Emperor down from the middle of the Han Dynasty; Ban Gu also depends on the beginning and end of the first generation，Compiled a complete history of Ji Chuan Break in the Han Dynasty "Hanshu"。These two historic compilations are basically the same，But the field of vision is different。Tang Dynasty historian Liu Zhizhang respects the interruption as a history，I believe that Sima Qian's "Historical Records" "Xinjiang Yu is vast，Nianyue reverie，Divided into Ji Chuan，San Yixi Watch "，So "zero chaos"，Therefore, the history of general history can be described as "hard work"。Song historian Zheng Yan talked about "the meaning of the conference"，Praise Sima Qian "Tong Huangdi、Yao、Shun to Qin、Han Zhi，Lechong a book "，Can be able to take back the profit or loss，Change of ancient and modern。

　　How to view these two different opinions? Qu Lindong, who studies the criticism of ancient Chinese historical science, believes: "It will be Tong and Drague，It is the two perspectives bet365 Play online games of historians observing history。Changes in ancient and modern times are important，Detailed generation of invalidation is also very important。Among them, you have to be bad and bad，It should be made for specific analysis。From the perspective of Chinese history，‘Baojian Generation’ History Books have outstanding works，and ‘Yitong’ s meaning ’is indeed a fine tradition of history。"" ("Episodes and horizontal Chinese History Criticism (Additional Ben)"，Chongqing Press 2016 edition，page 69) In the history of history, people are degraded differently，But it is difficult for both parties to replace each other。works that can "change ancient and modern" are very rare，But it is also very important to be able to detail the history books that are invalidate for generations。Therefore，In the history of ancient Chinese history，Twenty -four history is mostly the history of the discipline of the biography，But "Tongjian", "Tong Dian" and "Tong Tao" are also prosperous。

　　Tong History and Ban Shi History are two important genre and compilation traditions of ancient Chinese history books，But the two are not without space。For example，In the History of Trigema "Han Book"，Also has the spirit of history。Liu family and Zeng wrote to point out，"Han Book" is the history of the interrogation，But the self -expectation of Ban's book is Hengluo multi -academic，Passing from ancient times to the present。The specific performance is that the Twelve Emperor's Ji of "Han Book" is the history of the intergeneration，Eight Table、Ten Zhi is full of history of history，The starting point described earlier than the unity of the Han Dynasty，overflowing the scope of the interrogation。("The Spirit of History in the History of the History" in the History of the History "，"Journal of Beijing Normal University" 2012 No. 3)

　　New era needs new history

　　The Chinese nation has a long history of bet365 Play online games more than 5,000 years，It is not easy to let the public understand this history of civilization。Since the new history of the 20th century,，Historians attach great importance to compiling a new history of China。Liang Qichao not only launched the "New History" proposition，Also designing a new history of history。Since the history of Chinese Marxist history，Especially in an important moment for the fight against feudal and anti -feudal democratic revolution in China，Historians attach importance to the compilation of Chinese general history，Used to encourage the people to resist abroad。In the early 1940s，Historian Fan Wenlan came to Yan'an，In the case where the literature is very lacking，Written "Simple Chinese Congress of China"，From ancient times to the Opium War。This book has a huge response after the publication of Yan'an，Most of the liberated areas have flurry。After the founding of New China，Many Marxist historians presided over to compile Chinese general history，It plays a significant role in the historical education of New China。The early 1980s，Bai Shouyi presided over a concise "Outline of China"，Not only for Chinese readers to read，I also launched a translated version to overseas，Meeting the needs of Chinese and foreign readers to learn Chinese history。At the end of the 20th century，12 volumes of large -scale "Chinese General History" published by Bai Shouyi，The impact is huge，Become the finale of the history of Chinese general history in the 20th century。

　　Socialism with Chinese characteristics has entered the new era，The new Chinese general history is still the need for the times。The new Chinese general history must break the writing mode of textbooks，Can't write the history of Chinese general history as the history of the dynasty。In this new Chinese general history，To describe the natural environment of the growth and reproduction of various Chinese nations，bet365 Play online games Because the characteristics of the environment are closely related to the way people live in the way people live; to reflect the development status of the Chinese nation family，Has long -term harmony，There are also war; it is necessary to tell the historical development of China's political system，Explain the impact of this system on historical development，The prosperous dynasty that played a significant role in the development of history must be explained; to explain the development and progress of the production methods of all ages，Especially the people of the Central Plains region in the invention of material production; it is necessary to explain the great creativity of the Chinese nation in spiritual civilization，Tell Excellent Cultural Heritage。This general history also tells those historical figures that have a positive role in the survival and development of the Chinese nation，Should include political figures，Also includes people in ideological and culture。

　　Explaining such a variety of historical content，Model that must be innovated in history，Use a long time concept to explain history。Long -term period proposed by French scholars、mid -time、Three historical time concepts of short -term period，Can be used in the writing of general history。content that can be represented by "structure"，Structure of the natural environment、Structure of economic relations，All are issues of long -term period，Because the change is less, it is not necessary to write every period;，Such as the Qin and Han dynasties、The Tang Dynasty、Kang Yonggan period, etc.; Short -term problems，Just like the "event" in traditional historical explanations，Need to focus on narrative，Unification of Qin、Chu Han dispute、Battle of Chibi、Anshi Rebellion、Li Zicheng Uprising, etc.。

　　In short，Chinese general history，It should be reflected in distinctive Chinese characteristics、Chinese Bet365 app download style、China Qi Pai，To inherit the fine tradition of ancient Chinese historical works，The discourse system that reflects the characteristics of the times and the new achievements of contemporary academic development。The language style must have obvious characteristics，Can't understand it hard，Let readers like to see，And it should also be convenient for foreign readers。

　　Time also needs excellent history of disconnection

　　Understanding the history of civilization development of the Chinese nation for more than 5,000 years is the need for the masses of cadres and the masses in the new era，But for understanding "Where are we from", it is more direct or more than a few hundred years of history，Especially the history of nearly a century。Comrade Mao Zedong had aimed at some comrades in 1941 that some comrades in the party did not understand history, especially for nearly a century.，sharp criticism as "Not ashamed，Reverse thought "。Comrade Xi Jinping has also raised questions about cadres to learn about modern Chinese history。He thinks，To understand the humiliation history experienced by modern China，Deeply drawing behind and beating、The lesson of being bullied，Enhanced the Qixu Temple、Strong historical mission and responsibility，To fully build a well -off society in 2020，Then the construction of my country into a rich, strong, civilized, harmonious and beautiful socialist modern power in the middle of this century and work hard。

　　Since the reform and opening up，Hu Sang's "From the Opium War to the May 4th Movement" for cadres、Youth learning in modern Chinese history has played an important role，You should also write more modern Chinese history、Chinese Communist Party History、National History of the People's Republic of China，Let young readers have more channels to learn this history。

　　In the new Chinese history of modern Chinese，It must be used as Comrade Xi Jinping's use of the "Great History Outlook" to inspect history。2019 Bet365 app download is the 100th anniversary of the May 4th Movement，He said when he talked about how to commemorate the spirit of the May Fourth Four: We must adhere to the view of the Great History，Putting the May 4th Movement in the History of Civilization of Civilization for more than 5,000 years of the Chinese nation、The history of more than 170 years of struggle in the Chinese people in modern times、Certain and grasp the history of the Communist Party of China for more than 90 years of struggle。To from historical logic、Practical logic、The height of the combination of theoretical logic，China's political history since the May 4th Movement、History of thought、History of Culture、Social History and other fields carried out research，Summary historical laws，Reveal historical trends。Guide people to learn from history、Taking History as a teacher，Fixed Socialist Road Confidence with Chinese Characteristics、theoretical self -confidence、System self -confidence、Cultural self -confidence。

　　Edited the new Chinese modern history works，More comparison methods should be used。Since the 19th century，China has deeply integrated into the world，Everything that happened in Chinese history is closely related to the international situation。Therefore，When telling Chinese history，It is also necessary to tell the historical development of related countries，Explain the relationship between other countries and Chinese historical development，This can have a better understanding of China's history。

　　When writing the new national history of the People's Republic of China，In addition to telling major historical events in accordance with the historical process and the great achievements of China's socio -economic development，In particular, we must pay attention to explaining the situation of China's national governance system and governance capabilities，Explaining the continuous development of China's political system、bet365 best casino games Complete process，and carefully summarize the lesson lessons in this area，Services for governing the country today。

　　Other aspects of the history of disconnection，As the history of Qin and Han dynasties、Tang Shi、Qing Shi、History of the Republic of China, etc.，Can fully understand the lessons of the rise and fall of an era，It is also what the masses understand the need for Chinese history。

　　(The author is a professor at the School of History of the Capital Normal University)

Editor in charge: Changchang