General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: "The" Fourteenth Five -Year Plan "period is the comprehensive establishment of a well -off society in my country、After achieving the first century -old struggle goal，Open the new journey of a comprehensive construction of a socialist modernization country in the situation、The first five years that marching to the second century -old target。"in the new development stage，"Innovation" will become a new keyword。Facing the development mode led by innovation，We not only need the government to continue support，It also needs government self -innovation，Form a set of innovative governance system，To effectively promote the transformation and upgrade of economic structure。China is in an important strategic opportunity period for development，Facing the new "innovation leadership" stage，How to complete the "phase leap" of the development strategy will become an important theoretical and practical issue。

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After entering the innovation leading stage，Does China still need government guidance? If the answer is yes，So how can the government effectively promote innovation? Looking at the development experience of various countries，You can summarize the following views。First，The government's support for the industry，Both success and failure，It is not generalized，Bet365 lotto review Otherwise, it is partially。2，Cases of government support failed in the world are not a few，But the successful case of development，It has almost no support from the government。third，Although the government practices are different，But inspiring scientific and technological innovation、Successful cases to promote industrial upgrading，Behind the government is also promoted by the government。Therefore，No matter what stage you are，Economic development requires government support，But the specific method must keep pace with the times，Otherwise, it will hinder upgrading and transformation。

Innovation stage also requires government support。After entering the innovation leading stage，Does China still need government guidance? This can be examined from two aspects of theory and practice。From the theoretical perspective，The core of innovation is technology，If the economics community generally believes，Technology has outstanding public items characteristics，If it is led by the private sector，Configuration through the market mechanism，It is inevitable to cause inefficient results，Therefore, the government needs to participate in guidance。Technical innovation often face the following four types of problems。First, height uncertainty。Before being widely accepted and used，No one can know the success or failure of innovation。Due to huge risks，Insufficient investment in private sector，Only the government can help make up for。Second, technology needs long -term investment。Various high -precision cutting -edge technology，Need to continue to cultivate accumulation，Therefore, "patient capital"。Private department generally pursues bet365 best casino games short -term returns，Often wrapped in this is often not ahead，Therefore, government incentive investment。Third, innovative technology is easy to spill。As a form of knowledge，Technical innovation has a problem of imitation plagiarism to a certain extent，It is difficult to maintain innovation benefits，Therefore, individual private enterprises，Lack of this willingness to input。Converse，The government is happy to see the technology gradually spread，Driven the development of related industries。Fourth is the formation of technical giants to form a monopoly。Due to cutting -edge technology, it is not costly，Most countries can only be borne by a few giants，If it is tied and expanded by itself，Results will definitely form an oligopoly，Therefore, the government must have some restraint。Based on the above points，Technology innovation must not be engaged in all private persons，Although encouraged enterprises to participate，Even responsible for core characters，But the government still needs to control the scheduling，Support or control it as the situation。

Except the above theoretical discussion，In view of past practical experience，Technical innovation must also be involved in the government。This can be from positive、Observation of two aspects。On the one hand，Technical Innovation，New Moon Different，Nothing to change the same method。Social relevant departments -regardless of the scientific research department、University、Enterprise or Government，You can only learn constantly、Try and adjust，To fully cooperate and promote innovation。In this process，bet365 best casino games The government also needs to learn，But the premise is participating in it。If you want the government to play your own role，It is necessary to encourage the government to actively participate in it。

On the other hand，Then you can learn from the "Malignant Cycle of the Government" in Mariana Mazzucato。First，Because the government does nothing，Therefore, lack of experience，Lost self -confidence，The result can only continue to do nothing。Next，Because I have nothing to do before，Lack of experience and personnel reserves，If the temporary requirements are used as，The government can only blindly act blindly。Last，Because ignorance is，Therefore, the performance is not good，Causes general dislike，As a result, it can only make the government more retreat。Therefore，Instead of letting the government exit，It is better to encourage the government to participate，Knowing how to bred together、Promoting innovation。

Comprehensive above，Even if you enter the "Innovation Leading" stage，Government roles have not weakened at all: incentives and breeding of technological innovation，often requires government。Also due to the characteristics of innovation itself，All sectors of society must learn together。

　　Government support at the stage of innovation

The country was in the rushing stage，Must expand capacity quickly，Strengthen international competition，Most of the methods and other means in the practice，refer to the successful example，Concentrated national resources，挹 Inject potential enterprises。But now it has obtained a scale advantage，reach a certain level of technical level，Can no longer rely on the capacity to drive growth，bet365 live casino games We must turn to technological innovation guidance development。That's for this，Practice for supporting innovation，Must form a system。In other words，Practice for innovation support，Can't stay in the understanding stage，It must be integrated into the system design，Guide the interests related to all parties，Stimulate its efforts to invest，can be effectively implemented as a policy，and put it into implementation completely，This is also the key to my country's economy can grow at a high speed。As for how to form a governance system that conforms to innovation，The key is as follows three points。

First，Must focus on long -term development。As mentioned above，Technology needs accumulation，Innovation requires patience，Investment support cannot be too short。But how does the government department avoid short -term behavior，This also requires institutional design。For the right medicine，The future leadership assessment system is best to be able to divide the political achievements category，Perform long -term tracking at the same time，Especially highlighting long -term political achievements and post -post accountability，can motivate leadership in the long -term，Efforts to support innovation。

2，Ecological/platform thinking must be encouraged。The government's support for innovation，One is no longer a direct resource note，Instead behind the scenes，Creation Platform。Create a platform (such as the Science and Technology Park、Innovation Incubation Center、Fund Town, etc.)，On the one hand, break the boundaries of resource flow，Innovation and innovation Bet365 app download parties。On the other hand, for participating parties，Should not immediately judge its development potential，Get various resources，Instead of using the "ecosystem" thinking，Create a healthy competition environment，Avoid disorderly competition，Do not over -competition。It is necessary to appropriately encourage superior enterprises，It is also necessary to properly protect companies with potential，Keep a certain pressure，Create opportunities to learn from each other，At the same time, encourage them to continuously adjust and adapt。

third，This governance system suitable for innovation must be combined with professional，Also surpass internal limitations。For the former，To fully grasp the forward -looking direction，It is necessary to form an institutionalized "Expert Consultation and Research System"，young scholars, etc.)、Outside the system、Different types of representatives (such as overseas consultant、young scholars, etc.)，Regular communication，Study together。As far as the latter is concerned，Input of technological innovation，It also needs to open media and social supervision，On the one hand, consulting social opinions，Create discussion and learning atmosphere，On the other hand, social supervision must be opened，Avoid excessive input。

To sum up，Facing the development mode of "innovation leadership"，Not only does the government continue to support，I also look forward to the government's self -innovation，Form a set of governance system suitable for innovation。Believe under the new governance system，China's economy will be transformed bet365 live casino games and upgraded efficiently，Continuous independent innovation，Based on this, create another peak of development。

(Author Unit: School of Public Management of Zhejiang University)