April 5, 2021，The 11 -year patent lawsuit of Google and Oracle Company in the United States finally came to an end。The core question of the lawsuit is，Google's Early version of the Android operating system uses a large number of application programming interfaces (APIS) and about 11,000 lines based on Java programming language，and the original developer of Java software Sun Microsystems was acquired by Oracle Company in 2010，Therefore, Oracle Company filed a lawsuit，Que on the early Android system of Google not only uses the copyright -protected Java API，And directly copy and use tens of thousands of lines，Therefore, it has received billions of dollars in income。After multiple rounds of trial，The U.S. Supreme Court finally judged Google to win the lawsuit，It is determined that its limited replication of Java application programming interface constitutes a reasonable use。The significance of this lawsuit is not only because both parties to the lawsuit are Internet giants and involved huge compensation，It also provides legal case basis for the complex issues of the code of the code.，Far meaning。The judgment mainly writes the judge Stephen Breye pointed out，Application programming interface is declaration code instead of specific implementation，What it plays is the "tissue function" similar to Dewey's decimal system。These structures were transformed when Google adopted，"Created a new platform，allows programmers to use it at any time "。In terms of the purpose of use，Brey thinks，From the figure,，The code replicated by Google only accounts for about 0.4%of all the bet365 Play online games code of Java，and its purpose of use is not because the creativity of the code is extremely perfect，Instead, it is thought that the programmer has learned to use java se，Therefore, there is no these codes，It is difficult to attract programmers to join the Android system。This case except its legal significance，More importantly, it shows the public meaning of the copy of the code of code。Oracle or Google's victory，All will have a profound impact on the IT industry。Google's victory, although it is conducive to the open source and reuse of the code，To a certain extent, the current software focuses on compatibility and integrated development trends，But on the other hand, it also weakened the copyright protection of code developers，Especially when a large company with resource advantages has improved the improvement of small company products，It will be not conducive to innovation in ecology and industry。

　bet365 Play online games

In fact，Similar problems have appeared in China 20 years ago。Many Internet companies in China are difficult to get rid of the controversy of "plagiarism" and "cottage"。Take Tencent as an example，In its early days, there was even a "well -known" reputation such as the "king of cottage"。Even in 2010，A authoritative paper media journal in the computer field has published a special report，Through the Meituan.com (e -commerce group purchase website)、Ourgame.com (online game website)、Qihoo 360 (Internet Security Company) and 4399.com (Mini Game Online Platform), etc.，Describes how Tencent plays the role of "Terminator" in the Internet business，Through huge capital、The largest network platform and "Follow、Carefully imitate、Resolutely surpassing the strategy to hunt and defeat the small company。The common feature of these small companies is to create a new model Bet365 app download of Internet business，Open a new market。and the rapid follow -up of the large company occupies the market overwhelmingly from technology and resources。Although in the face of many lawsuits，But Tencent has never lost the case，Like Tencent's founder Ma Huateng's answer in an interview in 2013: "We just do what others have done，No evidence to prove that Tencent is a cottage。If we are，We should have failed in court。"Tencent referred to this model as" micro -innovation "，Although it is not the creator of the concept，But the most successful use: in the past few decades，Tencent has won all kinds of awards related to innovation, including the 15th China Patent Gold Award。

"Micro Innovation" concept can be traced back to the APPEL、SGI、Li Kaifu, who worked in Microsoft and Google, and the investment incubation project "Innovation Workshop" they founded。By using this term，Li Kaifu tried to describe the special characteristics of IT technological innovation，Revolutionary innovation is unpredictable，Most innovation is improvement。The most likely innovation is the Internet -based innovation，Use the Internet to quickly invent a product，and improve it according to market response。No need to wait for the perfection of the product，As long as it is feasible, it can be released，Because the product is free，The painful experience of the first batch of users is very valuable for developers to improve their products。This idea was quickly being proposed around 2010 by Tencent and other Internet companies，Ruqihu 360、Xiaomi, etc. absorb and use，As their concept。Although there are many versions of the definition of micro -innovation，But some of them are commonly recognized，can be summarized as follows。

1. Micro innovation is a kind of technology、Reform innovation of imitation invented by the product bet365 Play online games and service model。2. Micro innovation is an innovation based on the logic of Internet thinking。3. Micro innovation is not revolutionary，Instead of improvement，So it will gradually happen。4. Micro innovation is application -oriented，So it is based on user experience，It is also cutting for user experience。

After the lawsuit between Google and Oracle, let's look at the "micro -innovation" mode that was once hustle and bustle，It is not difficult to see，During the development of the Internet，Especially in the early market competition environment，Improvement based on replication and imitation is actually a adaptability selection at the application and business level，It has clear speculation，But also has the flexible strainability that does not have long -term strategies，Will produce unexpected results。This is also what scholars have recognized in the study of the "cottage" in recent years: Although the cottage is undoubtedly a plagiarism，But as a choice of the maximum benefit，It produces、The process of circulation and consumption has generated its own culture，And this is intertwined with the political and economic conditions it is located，It has new meaning。For example，Cottage means a kind of folk innovation force，At the same time, it also shows a low -cost effective reproduction mode。This is also consistent with the current economic and social development of China，The preliminary research and long -term verification of the test of time test and high -cost investment cannot cope with the rapid changes in the market。

　Reflection of ethics and risks

Although micro -innovation conforms to the needs of the times from the perspective of technological iterative update，but also laid a large hidden danger in two aspects，On the one hand，Micro innovation implies the disguised bet365 Play online games encouragement of not working; on the other hand,，Micro Innovation enlarged the role of user experience and feedback。The former is mainly reflected in，The core technical logic of micro -innovation is: the cost of transformational innovation is huge，Don't wait for the market，Therefore, the transformation of existing software or programs is the most effective。This choice is also a code -based language and modular attribute。code and code applications can be used for completely different activities，This pre -programmed module can be implemented with software development frameworks。So，Programming software means reusing the software written before，Therefore, all available software constitutes a storage pool、A cultural resource，The programmer also contributed to it while using it。Software as a cultural resource，By forming a global infrastructure and connecting the Internet of all users to spread and provide services。However, it is like language，Writing of code、The actions performed and the assumptions strengthened by the implementation of these actions，all convey the author's values ​​and ideology。For example, the philosophical logic of the UNIX programming language mentioned by Eric Raymond，Emphasize modular logic、Clear logic、Simplified logic, etc.，This has been generally considered to be the primary principle of programming language。but take modularization as an example，It reflects a separation policy that American society has recognized and pursued since the 1960s，Is a social governance concept。People want to divide the community，I hope to identify the crowd，At the same time, I hope to have basic principles，For example, as much as possible to make the problem transparent。This is actually reflected in the programming language。

bet365 Play online games Another potential hidden danger contained in micro -innovation is the excessive emphasis on user experience and feedback，In fact, it is just by repeating the desire and emotion of the user repeatedly，Create more demand，Use the user's experience，Reshape users -the interactive relationship between the subject and objective，Hidden the power of software/code in the control of media circulation。The emergence and popularity of the Internet enables a large number of users to actively participate in cultural production，At the same time, a large number of users use data and evaluation content，and being "see"，This often gives people a commitment illusion of participating production。This kind of utopian ideal about "Internet is a user -controlled participation culture" ignores those hidden design principles that will use these user behavior activities as software，In fact, it is actually to create better personal needs and consumer desire to to a greater extent，For example, a large number of users provide valuable personal data through the interface of platforms such as social networking sites、Give evaluation through media websites such as YouTube，and provides metadata to Flickr to affect Google's search results，In turn, users become the source and advertising goals of market research。This is obviously compared with the Utopia ideal of the participating culture controlled by users。

In the process of user transfer to software service providers and code programmers，Users are often unconscious or less aware of the space they transfer and the risk behind。This is not just because the enterprise consciously avoids or hides，Also due to the lack of user's own information literacy，It is because of our unconditional trust in the logic of technological progress。Faster, better and more effective technology bet365 live casino games development must be correct? The judgment of ethical value should not only be at the level of the individual，The complicated consequences of the computing system that transcend the human cognition and capacity of the computer in the computer world，It should be more deeply reflecting on the ethical problems and potential risks that may have such objects and behaviors like code and coding.。I hope century trial like Google and Oracle，It's just the beginning of this wave of reflection，instead of a conclusive end。

(Author Unit: School of Art of Nanjing University)